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1.
Inheritance patterns for table grape sugars and organic acids were investigated on three cross offspring populations during
two successive years. Glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars in progeny berries with only trace amounts of sucrose.
Total sugar content showed additive inheritance and the broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.61 to 0.84. The means of progeny
sugar content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of malic acid was strongly additive and the broad-sense heritability
varied from 0.73 to 0.89. The means of progeny malic acid content were higher than mean parent values. Tartaric acid was mainly
controlled by non-additive effect and the broad-sense heritability varied from 0.59 to 0.84. The means of progeny tartaric
acid content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of the total acid content was strongly additive and was mainly
influenced by malic acid. The broad-sense heritability of total acid varied from 0.53 to 0.90. 相似文献
2.
不同品种梨汁中糖和有机酸含量测定及相关性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同品种梨汁中的糖和有机酸含量,并应用SAS统计软件对各种糖和有机酸含量之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,梨汁中的糖主要为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,其中果糖和葡萄糖含量较高;不同品种梨汁中果糖、葡萄糖及总可溶性糖含量变异较小,相对稳定,果糖与葡萄糖、总可溶性糖之间表现出显著的相关性;有机酸有苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、莽草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、乳酸和富马酸,以苹果酸含量最高;不同品种梨汁中各有机酸含量差别较大,其中琥珀酸与乳酸、富马酸,莽草酸与柠檬酸、奎宁酸的含量之间表现出极显著的相关性。 相似文献
3.
菠萝果实生长发育过程中营养品质的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以‘巴厘（Ananas comosusr cv. Yellow Mauritius）’、‘卡因（Ananas comosusr cv. Cayenne）’和‘台农11号（Ananas comosusr cv. Tainung 11）’3个菠萝品种的果实为试材, 进行果实发育过程中糖、酸以及维生素C含量的分析。结果表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖是菠萝果实的主要糖类;在果实发育早期,各糖分含量较低,随着果实生长速度减慢,糖含量迅速增加,在果实成熟期达到最大值;在成熟果实中,不同品种间糖份的比例有较大差异,其中,‘巴厘’为3.71:1.11:1,‘卡因’为2.67:0.74:1。菠萝果实中所含有机酸有柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸;随着果实的发育,不同品种间有机酸的含量、比例以及变化规律有一定的差异;在成熟果实中有机酸含量由高到低依次,‘巴厘’为柠檬酸（约占65.7%）、苹果酸（约占24.9%）、乙酸、草酸和马来酸,酒石酸没有检测到,‘卡因’为柠檬酸（约占62.2%）、苹果酸（约占14.4%）、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸。菠萝果实中也有较丰富的维生素C,不同品种维生素C含量差异较大,‘巴厘’最高（0.49mg/g）,‘卡因’次之（0.19mg/g）,‘台农11号’最低（0.11mg/g）。 相似文献
4.
Major sugar and carboxylic acid components in apricot flesh fruits were detected and quantified. Fifty-one genotypes including
clones growing in France, Spain, Italy, Greece and USA, belonging to the INRA germ plasm collection has been evaluated. Principal
component analysis (PCA) has been performed to study correlation among fruit quality measurements and to interpret relationships
between genotypes as a tool for germ plasm characterization. A marked variation in malic and citric acid content has been
observed and PCA revealed clusters of apricot genotypes for the malic/citric ratio content. A good correlation between sugar
component and refractometer index (r = 0.83) has been detected. The wide range of diversity in malic and citric acid content in apricot germ plasm makes it possible
to breed and select genotypes with improved flavour on the basis of superior phenotypes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
1-MCP对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分与含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了1-MCP处理对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分及其含量的影响。试验结果表明,绿熟期的凯特杏果实糖分以蔗糖含量最高,果糖含量最低;有机酸以柠檬酸为主,苹果酸次之,属柠檬酸型。用1．0μL/L 1-MCP处理可抑制杏果实采后可溶性糖的积累,其蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖与总糖含量均低于对照;同时,1-MCP处理能显著地抑制杏果实抗坏血酸含量的减少,抑制贮藏末期柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和总酸量的下降与琥珀酸的升高。1-MCP处理改变杏果实采后糖酸代谢可能是提高果实贮藏品质的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
Guo-Liang Jiang Laban K. Rutto Shuxin Ren Ronald A. Bowen Haley Berry Kyle Epps 《Euphytica》2018,214(9):158
Edamame, a vegetable or specialty soybean (Glycine max) with high nutritional and market value, is relatively new to North America. Because of its health and nutritional benefits and globalized trade, the edamame market and acreage in the United States are steadily increasing. To facilitate edamame breeding and commercial production, we genetically analyzed edamame seed composition using 86 breeding lines and cultivars developed in the U.S. Significant genotypic differences based on a single year or 2-year joint analysis were observed for most traits investigated, including protein, oil, dietary fiber, starch, sucrose, stachyose and total sugar content. No significant genotypic difference was observed for ash content in both years and for raffinose content in year 2016. Yearly differences were also significant except for sucrose, stachyose and total sugar. Genotype-by-year interaction was significant for protein, sucrose, raffinose and total sugar, but insignificant for other traits. The heritability was high and relatively stable for protein and oil content, followed by stachyose content, but was low for ash and starch content. The heritability for sucrose, total sugar and dietary fiber content varied from 38 to 75%. Genotypic correlations were insignificant among most traits. However, protein content was negatively correlated with oil content and dietary fiber, but positively associated with stachyose. Oil content was negatively correlated with starch and individual sugars. Although positive phenotypic or Pearson’s correlation existed between total sugar content and individual sugars, and between sucrose and starch content, their genotypic correlations were insignificant. 相似文献
7.
不同品种桑椹糖酸组分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了不同品种桑椹的糖酸组分。以33个品种桑椹的果实为试材,利用高效液相色谱技术检测,相关性分析采用相关系数法,聚类分析采用快速聚类法。结果表明,果糖和葡萄糖是桑椹的主要糖类,同一品种二者含量相当,品种之间存在差异,没有发现桑椹中含有蔗糖。所有桑椹品种含有柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸、丙酸和富马酸,绝大部分品种含有酒石酸,部分桑椹品种含有丙酮酸,柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸是桑椹中含量较高的3种有机酸,柠檬酸质量分数为41.30%～68.80%。总酸与柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。33个品种桑椹可分成五大类群,分别由10,1,5,7,10桑椹品种组成。 相似文献
8.
不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质（果形指数、单果重、可食率）和8项营养物质含量（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比）,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘新疆杏晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。。 相似文献
9.
Summary A survey was made of the sweetness and sourness of the fruits of apple cultivars. Measurements of the concentration of sugars and malic acid in ripe fruits were made and the variation between samples of a cultivar, between cultivars, between years and between cultivars and their tetraploid and colour sports was studied and showed a wide range of variation between cultivars but fairly constant values within cultivars.The study of a number of progenies shows that sweetness and sourness are inherited independently. Sweetness shows a quantitative pattern of inheritance and the progeny mean approximates the mid-parent value. Sourness is controlled by a single gene, with medium and high acidity being dominant to very low, superimposed on a quantitative pattern.The mean sugar and acid concentrations of a progeny and the approximate range of variation can be predicted from the sugar and acid concentrations found in the parents. 相似文献
10.
Analysis of genotypic variation of sugar and acid contents in peaches and nectarines through the Principle Component Analysis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Genotypic variations and correlations were estimated for sugar and acid contents on afresh flesh weight basis in peach and
nectarine genotypes derived from a clone of a wild peach (Prunus davidiana) by three generations of crosses with commercial nectarine varieties. 107genotypes were studied in Avignon (France), 40 in
Gotheron (France), and 18 of them were common to both locations. Considerable variations in sugar and acid contents were found
among genotypes in both locations. Though location significantly affected sucrose, sorbitol and acid contents of the18 common
genotypes, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that genotypic correlations among sugar and acid contents were stable
in both locations. Almost all sugars and acids analysed exhibited positive loadings for the first principal component (PC).
Variations of dry matter content among genotypes only partially explained this general trend as shown by the PCA on a dry
flesh weight basis. Glucose and fructose contents were closely correlated and were similar in amount inmost genotypes, while
fructose content was lower than glucose content in about 12% of the genotypes. A positive but loose relationship was found
between malic and citric acid contents in both locations. Likewise, sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid contents were positively
associated. The first PC could be used as a general flavour component. In addition, three groups of closely associated variables
(fructose and glucose; malic and citric acids; sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid) were detected through PCA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Summary Central Asian apricot germplasm was used in hybridizations with California adapted apricots to increase Brix levels and improve fresh eating quality. Fruit from parental trees, the F1 hybrid and two backcross families were evaluated for fruit quality traits and analyzed by HPLC for specific sugar content. The F1 hybrid between Central Asian and California adapted apricots was intermediate to its parents in many of the evaluated characteristics and levels of specific sugars. When the F1 hybrid was backcrossed to California adapted apricots ‘Lorna’ and ‘Robada,’ the resulting hybrids were diverse in Brix, juice acidity, fruit size and profiles of specific sugars. Glucose: fructose ratios higher that 3.3 were encountered in fruit from five of the 22 analyzed seedlings, and fructose: sorbitol ratio ranged from 0.67 to 6.46. Brix and total sugar content correlated significantly with each other and with both sucrose and glucose. No significant correlations existed between sorbitol and any of the other analyzed sugars, nor with Brix or total sugars. The results demonstrated the extent of sugar profile modification possible in California adapted apricots after just two generations of breeding with Central Asian apricot germplasm. 相似文献
12.
Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is cultivated for its starchy corm consumed baked or boiled and processed in snacks (chips or French fries) to satisfy growing urban markets. Most consumers prefer non sweet taros. High content of sucrose (non-reducing sugar), glucose and fructose (reducing sugars) represent undesirable characteristics because they cause browning of the snacks. Breeding taro for improved corm quality is complex and phenotypic recurrent selection is impaired by the long growth cycle and the low vegetative propagation ratio. New high-throughput phenotyping tools are needed to select suitable hybrids in early clonal generations. The aim of the present study was to develop an HPTLC protocol for the quantitation of sugars in the fresh corm (FW). The individual sugars values in 60 hybrids released by four different breeding programs were compared with 300 cultivars from six different countries. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose and ribose were quantitated. Mean total sugars varied from 1.83 to 6.28%FW in hybrids and from 1.32 to 7.69%FW in cultivars. The ratio sucrose/reducing sugars varied from 0.06 to 4.34 in hybrids and from 0.04 to 4.82 in cultivars. The protocol developed in this study is rapid, cost efficient, environment-friendly and more accurate than previous techniques based on dry matter because sample preparation is known to affect chemical composition of individual sugars. This technique can be used in taro breeding programmes for the early detection of undesirable hybrids with high levels of reducing sugars. 相似文献
13.
We estimated genetic and environmental variance components for fruit quality traits (cluster weight, berry weight, soluble
solids content, total sugar content, sugar composition, free acid content, total amino acid content, amino acid composition),
and a functional trait (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content) of three commercial tetraploid table grape cultivars (Kyoho,
Pione, Suiho) grown in Japan over three successive years. ANOVA showed that the effect of genotype was significant (P < 0.05) for all traits except soluble solids content and total sugar content. The effect of the year was significant for
all traits except amino acid composition (γ ratio) and GABA content. The variance of genotype (σ
g
2) was highest for γ ratio (63.6%), high in sugar composition (α ratio, 60.3%) and GABA content (58.8%), and negligible for
soluble solids content (0.0%) and total sugar content (0.0%). The variance of among years (σ
y
2) was very high in soluble solids content (82.8%), high in total sugar content (60.2%) and negligibly small in γ ratio (8.7%)
and GABA content (6.4%). Some effects of genotype × year interaction, among vines within genotypes, and vine × year interaction
were statistically significant, but these components were negligibly small. Except for soluble solids content and total sugar
content, significant varietal differences in the traits were recorded. Variance estimates for each trait provides useful information
for optimal yearly repetition to effectively discriminate genetic differences in fruit quality and functional traits for improving
future tetraploid table grape breeding programs. 相似文献
14.
C.H. Cheng A.G. Seal H.L. Boldingh K.B. Marsh E.A. MacRae S.J. Murphy A.R. Ferguson 《Euphytica》2004,138(2):185-195
We investigated the variability and inheritance of taste components and fruit size and number in a seedling population of diploid Actinidia chinensisPlanch. We found significant variation in all characters measured. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for vitamin C content, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit weight and dry matter content (DM), but low for glucose content, quinic acid content, and fruit number per vine. The genetic correlations between sugars (except myo-inositol), acids (except quinic acid), TA, vitamin C content, SSC and DM tended to be positive and moderate to high. However, correlations between these characters and fruit weight tended to be negative and moderate to high. The standardised coefficients () of multiple regression showed that SSC was highly dependent on the levels of fructose content, sucrose content and TA. Estimates of relative selection efficiencies (E) suggested that selection using SSC could be an efficient and convenient alternative to direct selection for improvement of sugar levels in kiwifruit. However, selection strategies based on SSC need to take account of its moderate negative correlation with fruit weight. Male and female parents useful for improving acid and sugar composition and fruit size were identified. One family was outstanding, as it combined large fruit size with high levels of SSC and DM. 相似文献
15.
盐胁迫对大白菜幼苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了探讨大白菜耐盐机理、筛选耐盐性鉴定指标,建立苗期耐盐性鉴定方法,选用了６个具有不同耐盐性的大白菜材料,用Hoagland营养液水培方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理下大白菜盐害指数、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化规律。结果发现,随着NaCl处理浓度的增加以及胁迫时间的延长,大白菜幼苗叶片中的MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量以及游离氨基酸含量均呈上升趋势。不同大白菜品种的盐害指数表现出不同程度的增加。盐害指数和MDA含量在不同品种间表现了明显差异,能较好地反映大白菜各品种苗期的耐盐性,可作为大白菜耐盐性的筛选指标。 相似文献
16.
为了探究更多有利于甜菜种子萌发的引发剂,并测定苹果酸对甜菜种子的引发效果,为甜菜种子加工技术提供有效实验依据。本试验以TD701,TD703,TD801甜菜种子为试验材料,设置5种苹果酸浓度(1、2、5、10、15 mmol/L),共15种处理。测定引发后甜菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。结果显示：1 mmol/L的苹果酸可以显著提高TD701甜菜种子的发芽率为67.67%,发芽势为65%,活力指数为199.84;2 mmol/L的苹果酸可以提升TD701甜菜种子的发芽指数为25.51;1 mmol/L的苹果酸对TD801甜菜种子的引发效果最好,其发芽势为93.67%,发芽率为95.33%,发芽指数为39.53,活力指数为316.88;而TD703甜菜种子被不同浓度的苹果酸浸泡处理后,均没有显著提高种子活力指数的效果。苹果酸作为引发剂的不同浓度对不同种子的提高活力指数的作用是不同的,引发效果适宜的浓度是不一致的。 相似文献
17.
Genetic diversity in apricot, Prunus armeniaca, aimed at improving resistance to plum pox virus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Plum Pox Virus, a non-persistent virus transmitted by aphids, causes serious damage to stone fruits. The apricot tree is very sensitive and in order to breed apricot cultivars resistant to Plum Pox Virus and establish breeding strategies, genetic diversity based on 10 enzymatic systems, six of which were polymorphic, has been studied. The plant material studied, 94 accessions, included the most important apricot cultivars grown in PPV-affected areas. Genetic diversity is high and showed important differences between the three geographical groups studied (North African, European and North American). The North American group was very diverse and allozymes can be used to identify three subgroups. Some North American PPV-resistant cultivars were very distant from the rest of the cultivars, mainly due to the presence of rare alleles found in an Asian apricot related species. These results support the hypothesis that Asian-related species might be the origin of PPV resistance within the North American cultivars. Three North American cultivars have been considered as putative donors of PPV resistance to the European cultivars because of their agronomic behaviour, chilling requirements and distance from European cultivars. However, to increase the genetic variability of the European group and thereby to favour recombination, the study of Asian apricot resources is also recommended. 相似文献
18.
The improvement of sugar-related factors is associated with root traits in sugar beet. The objectives of the present study were to assess variations of sugar- and root yield (RY)-related traits and to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of several lines, testers and hybrids under various environmental conditions. A line × tester mating design was used to develop 28 hybrids from seven lines × four testers. Presently, root- and sugar-related traits were recorded in parental lines, hybrids and five local ('Pars', 'Torbat' and 'Ekbatan') and international ('Kermit' and 'Tous') check varieties in the eight combinations of location and growing season. Mean RY and sugar yield (SY) were 44.81 t/ha and 7.57 t/ha, respectively. Genotypes tested had 16.91% sugar content (SC) and 13.64% white sugar content (WSC) across trials. No one genotype was found to have high levels for all traits, but several had above mean sugar-related or RY traits. L7T2 as the best hybrid for RY and SY yielded 37.0% and 34.4% more than the checks’ mean, whereas ratios for the best hybrid (L7T4) for SC and WSC were 8.2% and 4.3%, respectively. Additive variance was significant for all traits, whereas dominance component was only significant for RY. Several parental lines had stable GCA effects with respect to direction and magnitude for WSC, RY and SC in environments. L7 and T2 for RY and SY and L3 and T4 for SC and WSC were identified as the best combiners with high GCA effects, and their use might increase favourable alleles in further breeding programmes for traits tested. Estimated heritability for the combined environments was lower for sugar-related traits (54.01%–59.39%) compared with those for RY traits (73.68%–74.21%). Overall, given heritability and additive variances estimated the identification of environmentally stable GCA and SCA effects and might help to increase efficiency of selection of superior cultivars with respect to sugar traits. 相似文献
19.
两个杏品种不同成熟期果实品质变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以金太阳(Prunus armeniaca Golden-sun)和魁金杏(Prunus armeniaca Kuiijn)为试材,研究其在绿熟期、商熟期和完熟期果实中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素等品质指标的变化。结果表明：两个杏品种果实单果重、可溶性固形物、Vc含量、可溶性糖、类黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量均随着果实的成熟不断升高,在完熟期达到最高,魁金高于金太阳;果实硬度和有机酸含量均随着果实成熟度的增加而降低,在完熟期达到最低,魁金低于金太阳,魁金果实品质优于金太阳。 相似文献
20.
Massimo Saccomani Piergiorgio Stevanato Daniele Trebbi J. Mitchell McGrath Enrico Biancardi 《Euphytica》2009,169(1):19-29
Beta vulgaris genetic resources are essential for broadening genetic base of sugar beet and developing cultivars adapted to adverse environmental
conditions. Wild beets (sea beets, B. vulgaris spp. maritima and their naturalized introgressions with cultivated beets known as ruderal beets) harbor substantial genetic diversity that
could be useful for beet improvement. Here, we compared molecular and morpho-physiological traits of wild beets collected
on the Adriatic coast of Italy with sugar beet using eight primer-pairs amplifying 194 polymorphic fragments and four root
traits (glucose and fructose content in the root tip, root elongation rate, number of the of root tips, total root length
and its distribution among diameters ranges). Genetic diversity was higher in the sea beet accession, which may be due to
the highly variable selection pressures that occur in heterogeneous ecological niches, compared with the ruderal and cultivated
beets. Sea and sugar beet accessions showed contrasting root patterns in response to sulfate deprivation: sugar beet showed
an increase of reducing sugars in the root tips and higher root elongation rate, and the sea beet accession showed an increase
in root tip number, total root length and fine root length (average diameter < 0.5 mm). The ruderal beet showed intermediary
responses to sea and sugar beet accessions. AFLP and morpho-physiological cluster analyzes showed sea, ruderal and cultivated
beets to be genetically distinct groups. The results of this study indicate variability in response to sulfate deprivation
is present in undomesticated beets that could be deployed for sugar beet improvement. 相似文献