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试验选用4头中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛采用4×4拉丁方试验设计研究了TMR中添加不同水平(0、300、600、900 g/d.头)的陈皮对奶牛乳风味的影响,并采用GC-MS分析了陈皮中的主要挥发性活性物质及添加陈皮后乳中风味物质种类及含量。结果表明:在奶牛TMR中添加陈皮对奶牛的采食量及乳成分无影响(P>0.05),在添加量为300、600 g时的产奶量显著高于对照(P<0.05),在添加量为600 g时,牛奶的色泽、异味感和甜味与对照相比均有显著改善(P<0.05);陈皮挥发油中的主要化合物是柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、β-月桂烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯等;添加陈皮的牛奶中能检测出陈皮中所特有的一些芳香性化合物,如柠檬烯、γ-榄香烯、乙基亚麻酸、油酸、油醇等,且这些化合物在牛奶中的含量随着日粮中陈皮添加水平的增加而增加。结果提示,饲料中添加600 g(/d.头)陈皮能提高奶产量及改善奶风味。 相似文献
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在为产奶牛设计日粮时．大多数奶农只考虑蛋白质、能量和脂肪的指标．而往往不注意微量元素的含量。奶牛每天从泌乳中失去大量的微量元素．如果不能从日粮中及时得到补充，奶牛很容易得病。虽说缺乏微量元素不会引起奶牛很快死亡．但是会在一定程度上造成奶牛生产性能降低，产奶量下降，从而影响奶农的经济效益。 相似文献
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(一)添加脂肪类1.脂肪酸钙:奶牛日粮中添加脂肪酸钙300克/天·头,能使奶牛产奶量提高,乳脂率提高13.16%;奶中悬脂、亚油酸、钙分别增加18.20%、25.55%、17.25%。2.脂肪:每头奶牛每天添加364克脂肪,能提高产奶量,乳脂率提高13%～18%。(二)添加维生素类⒈添加烟酸:添加烟酸能使奶 相似文献
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1脂肪类1.1脂肪酸钙每头奶牛日粮中添加脂肪酸钙300g,可使奶牛产奶量明显提高,乳脂率提高13.16%;奶中悬脂、亚油酸、钙分别增加18.20%、25.55%、17.25%。1.2脂肪每头奶牛每天添加364g脂肪,能提高产奶量,乳脂率提高13%￣18%。2维生素类2.1添加烟酸添加烟酸能使奶牛的产奶量提高2.3%￣11.7%,乳脂率提高2.0%￣13.7%。2.2胡萝卜素奶牛产奶前30d和产奶后92d,日粮中补加7g胡萝卜素制剂,每个泌乳期净增产牛奶200kg,而且奶中的维生素A含量提高21.5%。2.3维生素E乳牛日粮中添加维生素E,不但能增强乳牛机体免疫力,提高泌乳量,还可以防止奶中脂肪氧化… 相似文献
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试验证明,给高产奶牛饲喂脂肪,增加日粮热量浓度,结果奶产量和乳脂率提高。棉籽配合于奶牛日粮,作为其脂肪来源之一,在一些产棉地区是常见的。但其中有一 相似文献
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试验选择了24头泌乳前中期的同一胎次、健康无病、具有相近体重、产奶量与泌乳期的荷斯坦奶牛,将其分为4组,每组6头牛,在奶牛日粮中添加苹果味果味剂、香蕉味果味剂、混合香型果味剂,并设置对照组(不添加果味剂)进行奶牛饲养试验。对奶牛的生产性能以及奶样中风味物质进行评定。试验结果表明:①在奶牛生产性能方面,与对照组相比,3种果味剂都有减缓产奶量下降的趋势,其中香蕉味的作用效果最好(产奶量下降:香蕉味0.5%,苹果味11.9%,混合味8.86%,对照13.5%)。②对奶样进行感官评价,在单独的色泽、组织状态、奶香味、果香味、甜味、酸味、苦味、涩味、饲草味和牛体味中,4种样品基本没有差异,4个样品的综合风味存在显著差异(P<0.05),在风味的总得分上,混合风味>苹果风味>香蕉风味=对照组。 相似文献
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干奶牛 干奶末期奶牛(产前21天)饲喂方案的关键点如下: 由于应激和激素变化,奶牛在分娩前会降低干物质摄入量(DMI)。重要的是应重视DMI的这一变化,应提高日粮的能量密度。将干奶末期奶牛的日粮进行调整,使奶牛的DMI达到10-11kg。 相似文献
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本试验对4头泌乳奶牛采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,研究TMR中添加不同水平[0g（头·d）、300g/（头·d）、600g/（头·d）、900g/（头·d）]艾叶对乳风味的影响,并采用GC-MS分析了艾叶中的主要挥发性活性物质及添加艾叶后乳中风味物质种类及含量。结果表明,在奶牛TMR中添加艾叶对奶牛的采食量及乳成分均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,当添加量为600g/（头·d）时,牛奶的色泽、异味感和甜味与对照组相比均有显著改善（P〈0.05）;艾叶挥发油中的主要化合物是苦艾醇、桉树脑、1R-α-蒎烯、蓝桉醇、3,3,6-三甲基-1,5-庚二烯-4-醇、石竹烯、莰醇等;添加艾叶组牛奶中能检测出艾叶中所特有的一些芳香性化合物,如丁香烯、丁香烯氧化物、桉树脑、苦艾醇、莰醇、香芹醇等,且这些化合物含量随着日粮中艾叶添加水平的增加而增加。结果显示,TMR饲料中添加适宜水平的艾叶[600g/（头·d）]能提高奶产量,但未能起到改善乳风味的功效。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献