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1.
选择28周龄体重相近、健康的海兰褐蛋鸡1.8万羽,随机分成4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(A组,对照组)、基础饲粮+100 g/t益生素(B组)、基础饲粮+800 g/t酵母细胞壁(C组)、基础饲粮+50 g/t益生素+400 g/t酵母细胞壁(D组),至50周龄结束。结果显示:(1)试验各组间蛋鸡日采食量、平均蛋重没有显著差异,但D组平均蛋重较A组提高了1.19%(P0.05)。与A组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率均有不同程度提高,其中D组蛋鸡产蛋率提高了2.97%(P0.05),且高于单独添加的B组、C组(P0.05);与A组相比,料蛋比均有不同程度下降,其中D组料蛋比下降了1.42%(P0.05),且低于单独添加的B组、C组(P0.05)。(2)与A组相比,除B组略降低,C组、D组哈夫单位均不同程度提高,但差异均不显著(P0.05);与A组相比,各试验组蛋黄颜色均不同程度变深,但差异不显著(P0.05)。各组蛋壳厚度差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:在蛋鸡饲粮中单独添加益生素、酵母细胞壁,或将益生素与酵母细胞壁复合添加均可不同程度提高蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,复合添加(基础饲粮+50 g/t益生素+400 g/t酵母细胞壁)的效果更佳。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究酵母铬和益生素联用对夏季蛋鸡产蛋性能、肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响。选用432羽40周龄健康罗曼褐蛋鸡,随机分为9组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平的酵母铬(0、400、600μg/kg)和益生素(0、400、800 mg/kg)。结果表明:饲粮中单独添加益生素或酵母铬或酵母铬+益生素联用时,均显著增加其产蛋率(P0.05),显著降低料蛋比(P0.05);酵母铬和益生素联用对产蛋率和饲料转化率产生显著的互作效应(P0.05);日粮中单独添加益生素及酵母铬+益生素联用时,均显著提高了蛋鸡回肠和盲肠中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P0.05),显著降低了大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P0.05),显著提高十二指肠内容物总蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性(P0.05);酵母铬和益生素联用对蛋鸡十二指肠内容物淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性产生显著互作效应(P0.05)。夏季蛋鸡饲粮中同时添加600μg/kg酵母铬+800 mg/kg益生素时对产蛋性能、肠道菌群及消化酶活性效果最好。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究中药和益生素的不同添加剂量组合对蛋鸡生产性能与免疫功能的影响。试验选用20周龄体重相近、精神状态良好的海兰褐蛋鸡1 152只,随机分为4组,每组288只,分别饲喂基础日粮+100 mg/kg中药+60 mL/t益生素(A组)、基础日粮+200 mg/kg中药+120 mL/t益生素(B组)、基础日粮+300 mg/kg中药+180 mL/t益生素(C组)、基础日粮(对照组,D组),预试期1周,正式期7周。结果表明:整个试验期各组间蛋鸡日采食量、平均蛋重没有显著差异(p 0.05),A、B和C组间产蛋率和日产蛋量有不同程度的提高,料蛋比有一定程度的降低,其中以B组和D组比较日产蛋量和产蛋率差异最显著(p 0.05)。试验第14天和28天,以B与C组蛋鸡血清新城疫抗体效价均比D组有显著性提高(p 0.05),B与C组蛋鸡血清新城疫抗体效价无显著性提高(p 0.05)。试验第14天和28天,以B与C蛋鸡血液淋巴细胞转化率均比D组有显著性提高(p 0.05),B与C组蛋鸡血液淋巴细胞转化率无显著性提高(p 0.05)。结果显示,饲料中中药和益生素不同添加剂量组合可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能和免疫功能,其中以添加基础日粮+200mg/kg中药+120mL/t益生素效果最佳。  相似文献   

4.
为研究酵母细胞壁对海兰褐商品代蛋鸡产蛋性能、血清抗体水平和球蛋白含量的影响,饲养试验采用单因子设计,选用17周龄海兰褐商品代蛋鸡288羽,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,每个重复的蛋鸡饲养在两个相邻产蛋笼内,每笼饲养4只蛋鸡,对照组A饲喂基础日粮,试验组B、C、D、E、F饲喂在基础日粮中添加500、1000、2000、3000、5000 g/t的酵母细胞壁。预饲期:蛋鸡17~22周龄,试验期:蛋鸡23~28周龄。结果表明:日粮中添加500、1000、2000、3000、5000 g/t酵母细胞壁组,鸡蛋破畸率分别显著降低73.21%、80.37%、50.46%、61.72%、54.56%(P0.05);添加酵母细胞壁明显提高了蛋鸡接种新城疫四系疫苗后的新城疫NDV抗体生成,血清球蛋白含量有一定的提高。由此得出,产蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母细胞壁能明显减少鸡蛋的破畸率(-54.56%~80.37%),提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能,增强蛋鸡的血液特异性免疫和非特异性免疫。  相似文献   

5.
试验研究基础日粮中添加益生菌对蛋雏鸡生长性能和跖骨发育的影响。选用3 024只1日龄海兰褐壳雏鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每重复168只鸡,试验期6周。6处理组分别为A组对照组,饲喂蛋雏鸡基础日粮;B~F组试验组,饲粮是在基础日粮中分别添加芽孢杆菌500 g、乳酸菌200 g、乳酸菌400 g、酵母细胞壁多糖2 kg和酵母细胞壁多糖4 kg。结果发现:B~F组蛋雏鸡各阶段平均日采食量与A组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);与A组相比,在试验4~6周和1~6周,E组的日增质量分别提高9.82%和8.53%,差异均显著(P0.05);F组的日增质量分别提高9.21%和6.89%,差异均显著(P0.05);E组料重比分别降低12.54%(P0.05)和9.97%(P0.05);B、C、D和F组与A组相比料重比有减少的趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05);与A组相比,在试验1~3周,B~F组跖骨增量分别提高0.14%、8.84%(P0.05)、10.24%(P0.05)、13.54%(P0.05)和1.63%(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同益生素均可提高蛋雏鸡生长性能,促进跖骨发育,且饲料中添加2 kg/t酵母细胞壁多糖的效果最好。  相似文献   

6.
本研究探讨了不同蛋氨酸水平饲粮对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响。试验选用50周龄京红1号蛋鸡900只随机分为5个组,每个组12个重复,每个重复15只鸡,饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.238%(对照,A)、0.288%(B)、0.338%(C)、0.388%(D)和0.438%(E)。试验期13周。结果表明:各组平均蛋重随着饲粮中蛋氨酸水平的升高而增加,D、E组显著高于对照和B组(P0.05);对照组料蛋比显著高于其他各组(P0.05),其中D组料蛋比最低;B、C、D和E组蛋鸡产蛋率、日产蛋量、采食量较对照组显著提高(P0.05),但这4个组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。此外,以产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋量和料蛋比为指标通过二次曲线模型拟合得出,每只鸡总蛋氨酸需要量为0.41~0.47g/d,可消化蛋氨酸需要量为0.39~0.44g/d,总蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸需要量为0.72~0.81g/d,可消化蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸需要量为0.65~0.73g/d。  相似文献   

7.
研究产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的副干酪乳杆菌干粉物对夏季蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。试验选用1 080只26周龄健康海兰褐壳蛋鸡,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将试验分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每重复90只鸡。A组为对照组,B、C和D组为试验组,A组饲喂全价配合日粮,B、C和D组在全价配合日粮中分别添加10、20和40 kg/t含GABA的副干酪乳杆菌干粉物,试验期4周。在试验3~4周和1~4周全期,与A组相比,C组产蛋率分别提高4.31%和2.87%,差异均显著(P0.05);D组产蛋率分别提高5.94%和3.70%,差异均显著(P0.05);C组料蛋比分别降低4.41%和3.46%,差异均显著(P0.05)。在试验3~4周,与A组相比,B、C和D组蛋质量分别提高2.13%、2.56%和3.23%,差异均显著(P0.05);1~4周B、C和D组蛋质量分别提高1.10%、1.61%和2.10%,差异均显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在夏季蛋鸡日粮中添加含GABA的副干酪乳杆菌干粉物,能显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能(P0.05),且最适添加量为20 kg/t。  相似文献   

8.
研究为探讨苜蓿皂苷对蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验将200只400日龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡随机分成5个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复8只鸡,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.50%胆固醇(Ⅱ组)、基础饲粮+0.50%胆固醇+120 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷(Ⅲ组)、基础饲粮+0.50%胆固醇+240mg/kg苜蓿皂苷(Ⅳ组)和基础饲粮+0.50%胆固醇+480 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷(Ⅴ组),试验期63 d。结果表明:苜蓿皂苷对蛋鸡日采食量、产蛋率和蛋质量无显著影响(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.50%胆固醇+120 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷降低料蛋比效果最好(P0.05)。相比单独添加0.50%胆固醇组和胆固醇+苜蓿皂苷组可降低血液总蛋白、清蛋白和球蛋白含量,其中0.50%胆固醇+240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷组效果显著(P0.05),0.50%胆固醇+120 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷降低血糖水平效果显著(P0.05);苜蓿皂苷对三酰甘油、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均无显著影响(P0.05),但能提高血液中天冬氨酸转氨酶的含量和碱性磷酸酶活性降低(P0.05),且血液中钙含量也显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明,蛋鸡饲粮中添加一定量的苜蓿皂苷可提高蛋鸡生产性能。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究饲粮中添加3种硒源(植物硒-富硒苜蓿、无机硒-亚硒酸钠和生物硒-酵母硒)对蛋鸡生产性能、粪便含硒量及饲料硒吸收率的影响。选取50周龄健康罗曼蛋鸡300羽,随机分成5组,饲喂基础饲粮,基础饲粮中添加15%普通苜蓿粉、1.60mg/kg亚硒酸钠、730mg/kg酵母硒和15%富硒苜蓿粉的试验饲粮,试验期为38d。结果表明:(1)基础日粮添加富硒苜蓿显著提高蛋鸡日产蛋量和产蛋率(P0.05),降低料蛋比(P0.05);添加酵母硒显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P0.05);(2)基础饲粮添加亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒苜蓿均极显著提高蛋鸡粪硒含量(P0.01),却显著低于亚硒酸钠组(P0.05);(3)亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒苜蓿3种硒源均极显著提高蛋鸡饲料硒吸收率(P0.01),富硒苜蓿组和酵母硒组蛋鸡饲料硒吸收率均显著高于亚硒酸钠组蛋鸡饲料硒吸收率(P0.05);在试验21d后,蛋鸡对无机硒的吸收能力趋于稳定,而蛋鸡对有机硒的吸收能力随试验周期延长而增加。由此可见,蛋鸡日粮添加富硒苜蓿,其生产性能略优于酵母硒,显著优于普通苜蓿和亚硒酸钠;且饲粮硒含量相同情况下,蛋鸡对富硒苜蓿硒的吸收能力显著高于亚硒酸钠硒,但略低于酵母硒。  相似文献   

10.
选用181日龄海兰灰产蛋鸡576只,随机分为6个处理,设对照基础日粮组,抗生素组基础日粮+500mg/kg10%杆菌肽锌组,4个酵母细胞壁组(在基日粮中分别添加500、1000、1500、2000mg/kg酵母细胞壁),每个处理6个重复,试验期56d,以研究酵母细胞壁对产蛋鸡生产性能指标的影响。结果显示,产蛋鸡日粮中添加1500mg/kg酵母细胞壁的处理组,产蛋率显著高于对照组和500、1000mg/kg酵母细胞壁处理组(P0.05),蛋重显著高于杆菌肽锌处理组,日产蛋量显著高于对照组(P0.05),料蛋比6个处理均没有显著的差异,但以1500mg/kg为最佳。通过本试验可以得出:产蛋鸡日粮添加酵母细胞壁能改善产蛋鸡的生产性能。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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