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为了解野生动物园动物寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然沉淀法对安徽某野生动物园19种野生动物71份新鲜粪样进行了检测。结果显示:寄生虫总感染率为22.5%;共检获7种寄生虫,其中狮弓蛔虫、毛圆线虫、古柏线虫、毛首线虫、莫尼茨绦虫、结肠小袋虫和球虫的感染率分别为4.2%、8.5%、11.3%、4.2%、4.2%、5.6%和5.6%;梅花鹿等草食动物、小熊猫等杂食动物和非洲狮等肉食动物寄生虫感染率分别为36.7%、13.3%和11.5%,其中草食动物寄生虫感染较为普遍,应加强草食动物寄生虫病的防治。 相似文献
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《中兽医学杂志》2015,(10)
新动物园圈养蛇类寄生虫病感染情况备受关注。本试验旨在了解福州动物园圈养蛇类消化道寄生虫感染情况,调查寄生虫感染的种类和程度,为建立科学的防治方法和驱虫程序提供科学依据。本试验采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,运用麦克马斯特计数方法对9种蛇类14条蛇共计20份粪便样本进行调查。寄生虫总感染率为100%(9/9),寄生虫种类为蛔虫、鞭虫、球虫、类圆线虫,其中以蛔虫的感染最为严重,此外,还从红尾蟒粪便中检查到螨虫幼虫。感染寄生虫的蛇类中,花岗岩蟒感染强度最高,蛔虫卵EPG为7650个/g;其次是黄金蟒蛔虫卵EPG为7500个/g;第三王锦蛇蛔虫卵EPG为3000个/g,鞭虫卵EPG为600个/g;其它虫卵EPG大多分布在25-1500个/g。 相似文献
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运用麦克马斯特计数法调查福州动物园17种62头(只)草食动物消化道寄生虫的感染情况,调查内容包括寄生虫的种类、感染率和感染强度,利用驱虫前后感染强度对比观察驱虫效果。结果:草食动物以土源性寄生虫感染为主;17种草食动物中,11种动物感染14种寄生虫,总感染率64.7%;感染强度最高为长颈鹿圆线虫,感染强度为4 050个/g,其次是骆驼鞭虫,感染强度为1650个/g,第三是角马肝片吸虫,感染强度为1 296个/g;驱虫试验表明,丙硫苯咪唑8~10 mg/kg,甲苯咪唑5~10 mg/kg对草食动物线虫虫卵转阴率达100%,三氯苯达唑5~10 mg/kg对角马肝片吸虫的驱杀效果显著。 相似文献
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为调查福州动物园圈养鸟类消化道寄生虫感染情况,采集16种禽类31份粪便样品,应用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,麦克斯特计数法对采集的粪便样本进行虫卵测定。检查结果显示,寄生虫感染阳性样品数有23份,占样品总数的74%。总共检出6种寄生虫感染,按感染例数从大到小排序为:球虫(9例)、吸虫(7例)、绦虫(6例)、线虫(5例)、鞭虫(4例)、纤毛虫(3例)。感染寄生虫的禽类中,孔雀的感染强度最高,EPG为9 150个/g;其次是巨嘴鸟,EPG为4 500个/g;第三是东方白鹳,EPG为3 300个/g。其他鸟类的EPG分布在0~2 100个/g。该调查结果为福州动物园圈养鸟类寄生虫病的防治以及制定科学的驱虫程序提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
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福州动物园圈养野生动物人兽共患寄生虫感染情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对福州动物园中57种哺乳动物人兽共患寄生虫感染情况进行调查,通过麦氏计数法、麦氏改良计数法和改良凝集试验(MAT)检查野生动物消化道寄生虫和弓形虫的感染情况。结果:24种动物感染人兽共患寄生虫,涵盖了线虫、绦虫、吸虫和原虫4大类。其中感染强度最高为猞猁曼氏迭宫绦虫,每克粪便虫卵数(EPG)为45 710;其次为猞猁犬弓蛔虫,EPG为26 740。12种(21只)哺乳动物感染弓形虫,运用复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉对感染较为严重的9只动物进行治疗,有效率为55.56%,抗体转阴率为11.11%。 相似文献
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为了探讨寄生于大熊猫、小熊猫、北极熊、棕熊东北亚种、棕熊西藏亚种、黑熊四川亚种、黑猩猩和白眉长臂猿体内蛔虫的分类地位,采用PCR技术扩增了这些野生动物体内寄生蛔虫的线粒体COXⅠ、COXⅡ基因序列,并与GenBank中注册的同源性序列进行了分析。序列分析结果显示:扩增的8种野生哺乳动物蛔虫的COXⅠ、COXⅡ基因长度均分别为393和582bp,其中大熊猫与小熊猫及4种熊科动物蛔虫COXⅠ和COXⅡ基因的相似性分别为94.8%～95.0%和94.9%～95.5%;黑猩猩和白眉长臂猿蛔虫的COXⅠ、COXⅡ基因的相似性分别为99.8%和99.5%。分子系统树(NJ/MP/ML)表明,寄生在大熊猫、小熊猫和4种熊科动物体内的蛔虫均为贝蛔属(Baylisascaris)蛔虫;而黑猩猩和白眉长臂猿体内寄生的蛔虫应为蛔属(Ascaris)蛔虫。同时,分析结果也揭示了蛔虫与宿主之间存在协同进化关系。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献