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1.
鸡肝组织中磺胺类药物多残留分析法 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
建立了鸡肝组织中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧吡嗪、磺胺－6－甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺－2，6－二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉的多残留高效液相色谱分析法。样品经乙腈提取、正己烷液－液分配和碱性氧化铝柱固相萃取法净化后用反相高效液相色谱法测定（UV270nm）。7种磺胺类药物标准曲线的相关系数（r^2)为0．9991－1．0000（0.01μg/ml-0.5μg/ml）。在0.05mg/kg-0.5mg/kg浓度范围内，磺胺类药物的回收率为68．8％－100．0％，变异系数为1．3％－12．0％。 检测限为0．01mg/kg-0.03mg/kg，定量限低于0.05mg/kg。 相似文献
2.
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)和二甲氧苄啶(DVD)预混剂在白羽肉鸡体内各组织中的残留消除规律。对48只健康白羽肉鸡连续饲喂添加1 000mg/kg磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂(含SMD 200mg,DVD 40mg)的全价饲料10d,在停药后4h,1、3、6、9、12、15d分别宰杀6只鸡,采集各组织进行药物残留测定。通过空白样品添加回收试验,所有基质中SMD和DVD的定量限分别为10μg/kg和5μg/kg,SMD和DVD分别在50、100、200μg/kg和25、50、100μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为71.7%~102.3%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~11.9%。结果表明,磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂在肾脏中残留量最高,肝脏其次;肌肉和皮脂中的残留量显著低于肝脏和肾脏,停药9d时,残留量低于药物残留限量。综合各组织中总残留量和最高残留限量规定,建议磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂在鸡的休药期为7d。 相似文献
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为建立一种同时检测鸡蛋中金刚乙胺和金刚烷胺药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，试验样品采用1.0%乙酸乙腈提取后，以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，经Waters XBridge C18Column分离，正离子多反应监测模式检测。结果显示：两种药物在0.5～100μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.997)；盐酸金刚乙胺和盐酸金刚烷胺检出限均为0.3μg/kg，定量限均为1.0μg/kg；盐酸金刚乙胺平均回收率为87.43%～98.64%，批内和批间变异系数均≤0.45%，盐酸金刚烷胺平均回收率为96.60%～102.13%，批内和批间变异系数均≤0.22%。研究表明，建立的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法简便、灵敏、准确，适用于鸡蛋中金刚乙胺和金刚烷胺药物残留检测。 相似文献
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建立了同时测定鸡组织中残留的磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)和二甲氧苄啶(DVD)了的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)。样品经乙腈提取,取部分提取液用正己烷脱脂后于氮气吹干,残渣用流动相溶解并定容后上机检测,外标法定量。采用C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和1mL/L甲酸水溶液。选择1个母离子和2个子离子进行反应监测,对磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶残留进行定性,选择信号最强的子离子进行定量。结果显示,SMD和DVD分别在1ng/mL~200ng/mL和0.5ng/mL~100ng/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数R20.992。通过空白样品添加回收试验,所有基质中SMD和DVD的定量限分别为10μg/kg和5μg/kg,SMD和DVD分别在50、100、200μg/kg和25、50、100μg/kg 3个添加水平下的回收率为71.7%~115.0%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~13.2%,该方法定量限低,灵敏度高,重现性好,符合相关研究的要求。 相似文献
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建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)测定饲料中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉5种磺胺类药物的方法。考察了碱性氧化铝小柱的最大饱和容量及洗脱条件,优化了色谱条件:流动相为乙腈和水(257∶5,v/v),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为270 nm。在优化条件下,方法的最低定量限分别为磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶5 mg/kg;磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉2 mg/kg。方法的线性范围在0.2～200μg/mL之间,线性相关系数高于0.9996。将该方法用于鸡配合饲料、猪配合饲料和浓缩饲料中磺胺类药物残留的测定,不同添加浓度的回收率均高于80%,相对标准偏差≤10%,能够满足实际样品的分析要求。 相似文献
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建立了鸡血浆中磺胺氯吡嗪钠和甲氧苄啶含量测定的HPLC方法。对鸡血浆中磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶采用乙腈提取和净化,梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定,外标法定量。流动相为甲醇-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液。紫外测定时采用双波长检测:磺胺氯吡嗪检测波长为268 nm,甲氧苄啶检测波长为240 nm。空白血浆添加磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶分别在0.1～70.0μg/m L和0.05～5.00μg/m L范围内线性关系良好(R~2均大于0.9999),磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶的检测限分别为0.05μg/m L和0.025μg/m L,定量限分别为0.1μg/m L和0.05μg/m L。空白血浆添加磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶在各自线性范围内,批内变异系数分别小于6.84%和7.55%,批间系数分别小于5.23%和6.81%。本研究建立的鸡血浆中磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶的提取和净化方法,适用于鸡血浆中磺胺氯吡嗪和甲氧苄啶含量的单个或同时测定。 相似文献
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为了建立同时检测猪肌肉组织中3种喹诺酮类药物(环丙沙星、单诺沙星、恩诺沙星)和3种磺胺类药物(磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲唑)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法,试验采用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH值为6)提取动物组织样品,混合型阳离子交换(MCX)固相萃取柱净化,无水乙醇平衡、洗涤,无水乙醇-氨水(95/5)洗脱,Symmetry C18色谱柱分离,紫外检测器串联荧光检测器同时测定。线性良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.998 7,平均回收率为70.6%~89.3%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~13.4%。喹诺酮类药物的检出限为0.04~0.20μg/kg,定量限为0.2~1.0μg/kg;磺胺类药物的检出限为4μg/kg,定量限为15μg/kg。结果表明:HPLC法具有快速、环保的特点,可以用于猪肌肉组织中氟喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物的常规残留检测。 相似文献
10.
建立的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法具有灵敏度高、检测限低的特点,可同时定量检测奶牛粪污中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹噁啉的残留。采用C18色谱柱(500 mm×4.6 nm, 5μm),以0.3%的乙酸-乙腈溶液为流动相,在流速1.0 mL/min、检测波长270 nm、柱温30℃条件下,5种抗生素均能达到基线分离;3倍信噪比下,5种抗生素的检出限均为20μg/kg。在加标浓度50μg/kg条件下,奶牛粪污样品经前处理、MCX固相萃取小柱富集净化后,五种磺胺类抗生素回收率达到75%～80%,相对标准偏差为2.8%～3.9%。此方法检测了某规模化奶牛场粪污中磺胺类抗生素残留,结果显示,磺胺嘧啶的浓度范围在45～50μg/kg,其他抗生素无检出。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献