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1.
皱纹盘鲍染色体C带和rDNA定位 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了提高对皱纹盘鲍染色体的辨识水平,实验利用 Ba(OH)2 处理显示了皱纹盘鲍染色体的C带,并用荧光原位杂交分析(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)研究了核糖体大亚基rDNA在皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上的数目与位置。核型结果显示,皱纹盘鲍染色体组包含7对中部着丝粒染色体和8对亚中部着丝粒染色体,另有3对染色体介于中部着丝粒染色体与亚中着丝粒染色体之间(m/sm)。C显带结果显示,8对染色体有稳定的着丝粒C带,5～7对染色体上有中期相间多态的端部C带,3对染色体上有同源染色体异态的臂间C带。FISH 分析显示,皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上分布着4个大亚基 rDNA位点,分别位于2号短臂(2S)、7号短臂(7S)、12号短臂(12S)和18号长臂(18L)的端部。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍染色体辨识提供了新的特征与标记,为进一步研究皱纹盘鲍种群的染色体多态和鲍属染色体进化提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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为了探究石首鱼核型微观结构上的变化,实验利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)比较定位了厦门白姑鱼和大黄鱼18S rDNA和5S rDNA的分布特征。结果表明,厦门白姑鱼与大黄鱼在宏观核型以及18S rDNA和5S rDNA染色体分布等3个方面均存在较大差异。厦门白姑鱼的核型公式为2n=48t,臂数FN=48;单对18S rDNA信号分布于1号染色体臂间;单对5S rDNA信号分布于3号染色体近着丝粒区域。大黄鱼的核型公式为2n=2sm+4st+42t,臂数FN=50;单对18S rDNA信号分布于18号染色体短臂端部;5S rDNA信号9~11对,除一对分布于臂间外,其余全部分布于着丝粒端或短臂端部。综合其他石首鱼核型数据可以推断:厦门白姑鱼呈现原始核型特征,而大黄鱼核型是原始核型经染色体重排和/或转座衍生的特化核型;石首鱼宏观核型和18S rDNA分布模式总体保守,仅少数物种存在变化,而5S rDNA位点的分布模式存在高度的种间变化。本研究首次揭示了石首鱼物种间核型微观结构的变化,为进一步开展石首鱼分子细胞遗传学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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采用PCR方法扩增了皱纹盘鲍（4个群体）和九孔鲍（1个群体）共5个群体（53个样本）16S rRNA基因片段（16S）,测序获得了1000 bp核苷酸序列,其中669 bp核苷酸序列用于遗传差异分析,旨在评估我国皱纹盘鲍不同群体间及其与九孔鲍间的遗传差异。从52个序列中共检测到17种单倍型,其中皱纹盘鲍4个群体有13种单倍型,九孔鲍1个群体（9个样本）有4种单倍型。单倍型核苷酸序列比对显示,变异位点占比对位点的20．5％,基于单倍型的皱纹盘鲍4个群体间的遗传距离为0．002～0．011,平均为0．005;九孔鲍群体内的平均遗传距离为0．004,两种鲍间的平均遗传距离为0．218;两种鲍间的遗传分化系数 F‐统计量 FST平均为0．982,皱纹盘鲍4群体间的 FST值为0．0051～0．0065。本研究显示2种鲍群体内16S变异很小。系统发育分析鲍属11种鲍的聚类关系,显示皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍、日本鲍交叉聚为一支,九孔鲍与杂色鲍也交叉聚为一支,4个种类未聚成单系支。 相似文献
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对杂交三倍体泥鳅(4n♀×2n♂)的胚胎染色体进行了C带及染色体荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析,首次探讨了杂交三倍体泥鳅C带特征,为准确鉴别染色体提供依据,研究了核糖体5.8S+28S r DNA在杂交三倍体泥鳅胚胎中期染色体上的数目和位置。C带结果表明,杂交三倍体泥鳅的染色体C带包括臂端C带和着丝粒C带,没有发现臂间C带。M染色体只有1号染色体既有臂端C带又有着丝粒C带,但臂端C带均比着丝粒C带大,信号也比着丝粒的强;而其他M染色体及SM染色体、T染色体只有着丝粒C带。FISH分析显示,核糖体5.8S+28S r DNA清楚地定位在杂交三倍体泥鳅中期染色体中部着丝粒染色体(M)的端部区域,在杂交三倍体泥鳅中期染色体上可以检测到三簇杂交信号。该结果从分子细胞遗传学层面进一步证实了杂交三倍体泥鳅是含有三套染色体组的遗传三倍体。 相似文献
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用PCR技术克隆耳鲍（Haliolis asinina）、羊鲍（H．ovina）和多变鲍（H．varia）的线粒体16S rRNA基因的片段，并将PCR产物直接进行测序，得到长度530bp左右的片段。将这些序列与杂色鲍（H．diversicolor diversicolor）、九孔鲍（H．diversicolor supertexte）、大鲍（H．gigantea）、盘鲍（H．discus discus）、皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai）等5种鲍的相应片段进行序列比较。结果表明，不同种鲍间16S rRNA基因的序列同源性较高，同源性范围为87．36％～90．77％，这说明鲍的这段基因片段在遗传过程中比较保守。序列的A＋T含量约为56．68％，G＋C含量约为43．32％。8种鲍序列的主要核苷酸变异位点集中在1-25bp、240-290bp和320～370bp3个区域。在序列的变异碱基巾，碱基的转换大大多于碱基的颠换，转换与颠换之比达到2．33：1，遗传距离的范围为0．002-0．128。用UPGMA法和NJ法绘制出8种鲍的系统发育树。结论认为，大鲍、皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍之间的遗传差异水平为亚种间的差异水平，台湾产的九孔鲍与大陆沿岸产的杂色鲍之间的差异仅仅是种群间的差异。 相似文献
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利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术将5S rDNA基因定位在牙鲆和半滑舌鳎染色体上,结果表明,5S rDNA基因在雌、雄性半滑舌鳎的一对同源染色体上分别存在2个杂交信号位点;在二、三倍体牙鲆的同源染色体上分别存在2个和3个杂交信号位点,杂交信号明显且特异。本研究首次将5S rDNA基因定位在半滑舌鳎和三倍体牙鲆的染色体上,为牙鲆及半滑舌鳎倍性鉴定、染色体鉴别提供了有效方法。此外,根据牙鲆5S rDNA基因编码区序列设计引物,扩增出大菱鲆和半滑舌鳎5S rDNA基因编码区序列,与鲽、塞内加尔鳎、大口黑鲈、七鳃鳗的5SrDNA基因序列进行同源性比较后发现,5种鲽形目鱼类5S rDNA基因序列同源性高达98.3%,系统发生分析结果显示5种鲽形目鱼类聚为一支;各序列中GC含量均显著高于AT含量。 相似文献
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转口期是皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)早期育苗的重要时期,本研究结合16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析皱纹盘鲍转口前(T0)、转口后第4天(T4)、第10天(T10)、第35天(T35)和第40天(T40)的肠道菌群结构和多样性。结果显示,皱纹盘鲍T35和T40的肠道菌群多样性低于T0和T4。主成分分析(PCA)显示,T0~T4、T35~T40肠道菌群结构相似度高,T10属于转口期肠道菌群演替变化的过渡阶段。鲍转口期肠道内优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);优势菌属在转口期不同阶段呈现明显的变化,到后期逐渐趋于稳定。Lentilitoribacter是T0和T4的主要优势菌属;到了T10,弓形菌属(Arcobacter)和弧菌属(Vibrio)的相对丰度增加,Lentilitoribacter减少;在转口后期(T35和T40),弧菌属和Formosa则占绝对优势。LEfSe分析共获得59个生物标志物,各个组的生物标志物与其阶段的优势菌群相对应。共发生网络图结果显示,T35阶段的网络关系最为复杂,皱纹盘鲍肠道菌群之间的关系随着转口期的进行发生改变。Tax4Fun功能预测显示,随着转口期的进行,稚鲍肠道菌群所编码的基因多与代谢有关。本研究首次以微生物学的角度揭示了转口期皱纹盘鲍对饵料的适应机制,为皱纹盘鲍的健康养殖奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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复方中草药对杂色鲍幼鲍血淋巴中几种酶活力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将12种中草药按其不同的药理作用和药效进行配伍,形成5组复方中草药,分别编号为中草药1～5号。将以上中草药添加到杂色鲍幼鲍的人工配合饲料中,连续喂饲幼鲍,饲养47d后,测定幼鲍无细胞血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶茵酶(LSZ)活力。结果显示,所有添加中草药的sOD活力均比对照组降低,中草药1、5号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和LSZ活力,而对AKP则起到降低的作用;中草药3、4号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的LSZ活力,却降低幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和AKP活力,中草药2号对ACP、AKP和LSZ活力均有提高作用,具有较突出的促进杂色鲍幼鲍免疫酶活力的功能。 相似文献
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Interspecific hybrids between Haliotis discus hannai Ino and Haliotis gigantea Gmelin were produced in this study. The hybridity of the interspecific hybrids was confirmed by using the methods of amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite [simple sequence repeats (SSR)] markers. Five AFLP primer combinations were used to develop the AFLP profiles of H. discus hannai, H. gigantea and their reciprocal hybrids. AFLP analysis revealed that genetic variations of H. discus hannai and H. gigantea were relatively diverse and each species holds species‐specific bands. The AFLP profiles of reciprocal hybrids showed that all of the hybrids inherited bands specific to H. discus hannai and H. gigantea. Of a total of 20 microsatellite loci, which were selected from H. discus hannai microsatellite markers evaluated, eight loci were polymorphic in H. gigantea samples, with an average of 3.375 alleles per locus. Preliminary screening showed that, two of these eight microsatellite loci (Awb002 and Awb022) could be used as species‐specific markers to distinguish the hybrids and their parental species. Simple sequence repeats analysis showed that the reciprocal hybrids inherited one allele from each parent for both of the two SSR loci investigated. These data strongly suggest that the induced interspecific hybrid is a true hybrid between H. discus hannai and H. gigantea. 相似文献
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圆斑星鲽染色体与多种显带的形态特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用体内注射植物血细胞凝集素(PHA)和秋水仙素法制备圆斑星鲽染色体,研究其染色体C-带、Ag-NORs带及G-带的显带特征.结果发现,圆斑星鲽具有46条染色体,核型为2n =46t,染色体臂数为NF =46,所检个体全部为二倍体,未发现存在异型性染色体和随体染色体的现象.带型研究表明,C-带特征为46条染色体均有大小不一的C-带,其中第22对染色体整体呈阳性深染,第19对染色体具有端部C-带,其余均为着丝粒C-带;计算其异染色质含量为30％;Ag-NORs带型特征为具有1对Ag-NORs,位于2号染色体的长臂末端,为端部Ag-NORs; G-带特征为具有38条深染带,21条浅染带.研究结果为圆斑星鲽染色体组学和种质资源保护提供了基础资料. 相似文献
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Fernando Díaz Ana Denisse Re Zarina Medina Gerardo Re Gustavo Valdez & Francisco Valenzuela 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(9):877-884
The thermoregulatory behaviour of green abalone Haliotis fulgens and pink abalone H. corrugata was investigated. Haliotis fulgens juveniles ranging in wet weight from 3.0 to 3.3 g and from 28.7 to 30.5 mm shell length and of H. corrugata 2.0 g and 25.7 mm in shell length were exposed to 19°C for 30 days in a flow‐through water system. Temperature preference was determined in a horizontal thermal gradient and was found to be 25.4°C for green abalone and 25.0°C for pink abalone. Displacement velocity was 4.3 cm h−1 for H. fulgens and 12.8 cm h−1 for H. corrugata. The optimum temperature for growth calculated for both abalone species was 24.6 and 24.5°C respectively. The critical thermal maxima (CTMax) of H. fulgens and H. corrugata were determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalones were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 1°C on 30 min until they detached from the substrate. The CTMax at 50% were 33.6 and 32.0°C for green and pink abalone respectively. The results are discussed in relation to site selection and commercial rearing. 相似文献
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为详细了解黄条染色体带型的形态特征,实验采用体内注射植物血细胞凝集素(PHA)和秋水仙素的方法,取黄条全部头肾细胞经低渗处理、卡诺氏液固定、空气干燥法制备染色体分裂相。通过不同的研究方法,分别研究和探讨其中期染色体多种带型(C带核型、G带核型和Ag-NORs)的显带特征和形态特征。黄条的带型研究结果显示:(1)C带特征为48条染色体均有大小不一的C带,其中第2、4、5、16、18和19对染色体具有端部C带,其余均为着丝粒C带,无居间带和整体呈C带阳性深染染色体;计算异染色质含量约31.53%;(2)Ag-NORs带特征为第5对染色体末端具有Ag-NORs,为端部AgNORs;银染显现间期核中核仁的数目为1~2个,显现出2个核仁的细胞数目较多,达到60%;(3)G带特征为同源染色体G带带纹大小和位置基本吻合,非同源染色体G带带纹大小和带纹的位置不尽相同。每条染色体都有数量不等的深染带和浅染带,无整条染色体显示深染G带或浅染G带,24对染色体中在条带的数量、大小、位置、染色深浅等方面未发现完全相同的染色体G带。该研究结果可为黄条种质判定、染色体组学研究和遗传育种等提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Boamah Grace Afumwaa Yu Feng Shen Yawei You Weiwei Xu Changan Luo Xuan Ke Caihuan 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(1):173-186
The tremendous expansion of Chinese abalone production has not been without challenges such as low salinity stress, which may occur during severe summer rainstorms and typhoon events. Interspecific hybrids have, however, been of great use to the aquaculture industry in withstanding environmental stresses. This study adopted the non-invasive method of measuring heart rate to monitor the cardiac performance of the Pacific abalone and two of its interspecific hybrids during the incidence of continuous salinity decrease. The results showed that low salinity significantly influences the heart rate of abalone. Fluctuation in the abalone’s heartbeat suggests a pattern with three phases and two breakpoints of salinity (BOS1 and BOS2). BOS1 represents an isosmotic point, and BOS2 represents lethal salinity. We argue that relatively lower BOS suggests better tolerance to low salinity, and long-term exposure to salinities around BOS2 could be detrimental to all three species. The hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ x H. fulgens ♂ (DF) recorded the lowest BOS1 and BOS2, which was also significantly different (P?=?0.01) from DD at BOS1, suggesting a better tolerance potential for low salinities than the other species. Altogether, our data establish species-specific BOS and reveal the cardiac mechanism by which abalone responds to low salinity. The results confirm that the non-invasive heart rate detection method could likewise be adopted to define critical salinities for abalone, and hybridization could be a potential method to breed the more stress-resilient aquatic animals.
相似文献16.
Jihong Zhang Derong Shang Wei Wang Zengjie Jiang Suyan Xue Jianguang Fang 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1770-1777
In order to assess the potential of utilizing fouling macroalgae as feed for abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the species, biomass and total stock of fouling macroalgae attached on the aquaculture facility‐lines were investigated and assessed at Sungo Bay, China, in August 2007. The nutritional value of four fouling macroalgae (Codium fragile, Sargassum muticum, Ulva pertusa and Laminaria japonica) and one cultured macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) as the diet of abalone was assessed by analysis of the chemical composition of the macroalgae and by measuring bioavailability and digestibility to abalone H. discus hannai under laboratory conditions in August 2007. The results showed that the biomass of fouling macroalgae at the two sites was 243.61 ± 26.23 and 1078.15 ± 50.28 g m?1 respectively. The contents of protein of G. lemaneiformis and C. fragile were 18.30% and 17.60%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the others. The five macroalgae were accepted by the abalone, and growth energies (P) and growth efficiency (%) were positive. However, significant differences were found among the different macroalgae. The growth efficiencies of abalone show a negative relationship with the levels of dietary lipid and a positive relationship with the protein contents. These results suggest that fouling macroalgae have a great potential to be used as diets of abalone. 相似文献
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黄姑鱼染色体识别与重复序列定位 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
黄姑鱼是我国重要的海水经济鱼类。然而,由于细胞遗传标记匮乏,黄姑鱼染色体仍然难以辨识。为了提高黄姑鱼染色体的配对识别水平,本研究利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、吉姆萨染色和荧光染色技术分析了黄姑鱼染色体的特征。以总DNA为探针进行基因组DNA荧光原位杂交(genomic fluorescence in situ hybridization,GISH),从而获得黄姑鱼染色体图谱,可使每对染色体呈现特定的荧光信号。依据GISH荧光信号分布模式,可以辨识黄姑鱼的24对染色体。18S r DNA FISH结果显示,18S r DNA只有一对信号,分布于1号染色体臂间,并与吉姆萨染色呈现的次缢痕、DAPI阴性带和DPI染色高亮区域同位。5S r DNA有一强一弱两对信号,信号强的一对分布于1号染色体着丝粒端,信号弱的一对分布于4号染色体的远端。端粒信号在所有染色体的端部显示,但个别染色体一端信号微弱。本研究结果丰富了黄姑鱼的细胞遗传标记,为解决黄姑鱼染色体辨识问题提供参考依据,也为进一步研究石首鱼科染色体进化提供了资料。 相似文献
18.
This study dealt with the detection of parentage in a mixed family tank of abalone Haliotis discus hannai using microsatellite DNA markers. As a preliminary investigation, the early growth rate between selected and non-selected
abalone families, which were reared together in the mixed family tank from settlement stage to juvenile stage (7 months of
age), was also compared. The selected families were derived from seven parents (three females and four males) selected for
larger size in shell length at about 1-year-old, and the non-selected families originated from five wild captives (three females
and two males). Parentage analysis based on eight microsatellite markers unambiguously allocated the 170 juveniles sampled
from the single tank to the 17 parental pairs. The family size was highly heterogeneous among families, as two males in the
selected families and one male in the non-selected families dominated the contribution to the offspring pool (>80%). The mean
shell length of the selected families was approximately 23% larger than that of the non-selected families (Student’s t-test, P<0.001). This study demonstrated that the use of microsatellite markers is effective for parentage determination in the mixed
family farming, commonly used in abalone hatcheries, and selective operations for larger size could improve the growth of
the next generation. 相似文献