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维生素D3是水产养殖动物必需的微量营养素,在维持水产动物正常生长、发育和营养代谢等方面具有重要功能。水产动物几乎不能合成维生素D3,主要通过食物获取。为了深入解析维生素D3调控水产动物糖脂代谢的机制,本文综述了近12年来最新的研究进展,包括分水产动物对饲料维生素D3需求量及其影响因素、维生素D3吸收、转运和代谢机理,以及维生素D3调控糖脂代谢的机制。已有的研究主要聚焦于水产动物维生素D3营养生理、代谢和对糖脂代谢的调控,但仍有很多重要的科学问题尚未解决。重点需制定统一的 “水产动物维生素D3需求量”评价标准,加强维生素D3对水产动物糖脂代谢及机制的研究,从而为水产动物维生素D3营养的精准调控奠定基础。 相似文献
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水产动物的维生素E营养研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
维生素E(VE)是水产动物营养和饲料中最重要的维生素之一。它与水产动物机体的代谢、抗氧化功能、免疫功能、抗病力、繁殖功能密切相关。综述了维生素E在水产动物中的生理功能、缺乏症、需要量及存在问题。 相似文献
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在众多水产动物疾病中,往往伴有程度不同的肝组织病变。除养殖动物遭受病原微生物(细菌、病毒等)侵袭导致肝组织病变外,一些外源性因素也是引发水产动物肝病的重要原因。主要包括有:①营养因素。饲料中营养因子失衡,特别是脂肪、糖类物质过多及缺少维生素,会引发明显的鱼类肝病 相似文献
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一、我国水产营养与饲料研究的发展历程和现状我国的水产动物营养研究起步较晚,直到20世纪80年代,国家才把水产动物营养与饲料配方研究列入国家饲料开发项目,比发达国家足足晚了40年。自“六五”至今,国家和地方通过立项攻关,相继开展了主要养殖鱼类、虾(蟹)营养学和饲料配方、水产动物饲料质量检测、饲料配制等技术的研究,取得了如下几方面的主要成果:①探讨了我国主要养殖水产动物不同发育阶段的蛋白质和部分氨基酸、脂类及脂肪酸、碳水化合物,以及部分维生素和微量元素的需要量和配合饲料的主要营养参数,为实用饲料的配制提供了理论依据… 相似文献
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维生素在鱼类新陈代谢、生长发育、免疫、繁殖等生命活动中有着极其重要的作用，而维生素E对水产动物繁殖性能的影响已成为研究水产动物繁殖营养的热点问题之一，并在适宜添加量、对亲鱼性腺发育、卵子和精子质量、胚胎发育以及仔鱼质量影响等方面取的了一些重要的研究进展。 相似文献
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随着水产养殖集约化与规模化的发展,水产品为人类提供了大量优质食物蛋白质,为国家粮食安全、解决我国“三农”问题做出了重要贡献。长期研究实践证明,营养与饲料科技贡献在水产养殖中占有更加重要的地位。饲料组成不仅影响水产动物的营养,而且会影响水产动物的免疫与抗病能力,营养状况是决定水产养殖动物抵抗疾病的能力的重要因素之一。特别是在水产集约化、规模化养殖中,水产养殖动物面临着大量的应激,如：营养、环境因子等激烈变化,易诱发疾病,甚至死亡。反之,水产养殖动物的生理与健康状况也影响饲料的利用与代谢。营养和免疫的关系显著地影响着水产养殖生产,一直是大家关注的热点。在过去的5年中,水产动物营养与免疫方面的研究取得了重大进展,对蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、碳水化合、维生素、矿物元素等多种必需营养素及其免疫、抗病能力等方面做了大量的研究。本文就营养与免疫相关的研究进展做一综述,以供参考。 相似文献
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新型水产饲料添加剂--左旋肉碱 (L-Carnitine) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
L-肉碱又称肉毒碱，是一种维生素的类似物。参与β-氧化等生理学作用，与脂肪代谢有关。能够维持水产动物体内的能量代谢的正常进行，是一种新型的功能性营养添加剂。在水产动物饲料中添加适量的L-肉碱，有着提高水产动物生长速度，降低饲料系数；提高水产动物蛋白含量，降低体脂率．改善肉质提高鱼类的繁殖率等功能。本文在大量相关研究文献的基础上，概述了L-肉碱的来源、水产动物对其吸收和代谢的机制、生物学功能以及在水产动物体内的营养生理学效应，并针对目前L-肉碱的使用存在的问题。提出了一些建议，展望了其广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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