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调亏灌溉与合理密植对旱区棉花生长发育及产量与品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为明确合理密植条件下调亏灌溉的节水增产效果,在新疆干旱区大田研究了灌溉量(饱和灌溉、正常灌溉、调亏灌溉)和种植密度(12万、18万、24万株·hm-2)对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响。结果表明,灌溉量和种植密度对棉花生物产量、经济系数、经济产量有显著的互作效应,但对纤维品质没有影响。调亏灌溉显著抑制营养生长,但提高了收获指数;调亏灌溉下适当提高密度,显著提高了生物产量和单位面积铃数。调亏灌溉下高密度处理组合在用水量减少20%的情况下,棉花产量与正常灌溉下中、高密度以及饱和灌溉下低密度等高产组合的产量相当。调亏灌溉配合合理密植是旱区棉花节水增产的有效栽培途径之一。 相似文献
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Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Residual Effect on Cotton Yield and Biomass Accumulation 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Song Xinghu Tufail Ahmed Wagan Biangkham Souliyanonh Saif Ali Huang Ying Yuan Yuan Yang Guozheng 《棉花学报》2018,30(2):145-154
[Objective] The optimum nitrogen rate of 300 kg·hm－2 is well documented for cotton in the Yangtze River Valley, China. It can be reduced to 225 kg·hm－2 without reducing yield in late sowing under high planting density. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of further reducing the nitrogen application rate at the first flower stage, its residual effects and influence on cotton yield formation rule. [Method] A pot experiment was conducted with five nitrogen levels (120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 kg·hm－2) in 2014, but only 180 kg·hm－2(for studying nitrogen residual effect) in 2015, to study the cotton growth process, yield and its components and biomass accumulation. [Result] Nitrogen levels significantly affected the yield and biomass accumulation, but not the growth process and nitrogen residual effect. Maximum seed cotton yield (30.5 g·plant－1), boll weight (3.8 g) and biomass accumulation, especially in the reproductive and vegetative organs, was recorded in the 180 kg·hm－2 nitrogen treatment. In the rapid accumulation period, the proportion of biomass accumulation in the reproductive organs was the highest. [Conclusion] In a soil with medium fertility level, the application of 180 kg·hm－2 nitrogen was optimal, because the strength of biomass accumulation in reproductive organs increased during the rapid accumulation period. 相似文献
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棉花溶血磷酸酯酰转移酶(LPAT)家族基因的发掘和表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棉花油脂合成相关代谢在控制油分形成、纤维发育等进程中起着重要作用。溶血磷脂酰基转移酶(LPAT)是植物油脂代谢过程中的一个关键酶。本研究利用雷蒙德氏棉全基因组数据库,通过生物信息学技术,鉴定并获得8个棉花LPAT家族基因的全序列和染色体定位等信息。通过序列比对进行系统进化和分类分析,明确这8个家族基因分布在6条染色体上,分为4亚类,其中第I类和第III类中各含2个基因、第II类1个、第IV类3个。组织表达分析表明这8个基因在棉花营养和生殖阶段均表现表达多样性。LPAT6和LPAT8在17 d胚珠中表达水平很高,推测在油脂合成代谢调控中起重要作用。8个LPAT基因均在纤维中优势表达,其中LPAT2、LPAT3和LPAT4表达水平更高,推测LPAT家族基因的表达参与棉纤维发育进程。 相似文献
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【目的】本研究旨在揭示棉花钾离子(K~+)吸收机制。【方法】以国欣棉3号和中棉所41为材料,应用病毒诱导基因沉默技术研究棉花K~+通道基因GhAKT1和K~+转运体基因GhKT2的功能。【结果】在低水平供K~+(0.1 mmol·L~(-1))和充分供K~+(2.5 mmol·L~(-1))条件下,沉默GhAKT1和GhKT2基因使棉花幼苗的K~+积累量分别降低15%左右和25%以上。此外,沉默GhAKT1和GhKT2基因导致棉花幼苗对K~+的最大吸收速率和亲和能力出现不同程度的下降。药理学试验结果表明,在外界K~+浓度低于250μmol·L~(-1)的条件下,高亲和系统对棉花K~+吸收的贡献大于K~+通道;而且GhAKT1蛋白可能是1个对NH4+比较敏感的组分。【结论】棉花K~+通道蛋白GhAKT1和K~+转运体蛋白GhKT2具有吸收K~+的功能,而且表现出双亲和吸收K~+的特性,可作为改善棉花钾营养的候选基因。 相似文献
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利用高通量测序技术鉴定棉纤维发育相关miRNAs及其靶基因 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
miRNA (microRNA)是一类21～24个核酸长度的非编码小分子RNA(sRNA),它主要通过抑制或降解靶基因来调控植物生长发育等过程.试验利用在纤维长度上有显著差异的2个回交自交系BILs (Backcross inbred lines)的0DPA (Days post anthesis)、3 DPA的胚珠和10 DPA的纤维构建6个sRNA文库并进行Solexa 测序.以已公布的棉花D5基因组序列和棉属其他序列为参考,经分析共发现561个miRNAs,其中包括254个已知的miRNAs(属于40个miRNA家族),75个候选的miRNAs和232个新的miRNAs,研究结果极大地丰富了棉属miRNAs.通过miRNA靶基因预测分析发现多数miRNAs负调控其对应的靶基因,少数正调控.KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)注释结果表明miRNA的靶基因在植物激素代谢途径中显著富集. 相似文献
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MicroRNA参与植物花发育调控的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要：MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类20到24nt的非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA序列的互补配对产生特异性,抑制了mRNA的表达或使其降解,从而调控靶基因的表达。本文主要综述了三类调控开花时间的miRNA家族成员：miR172,miR159 / miR319和miR156。其中,miR156主要调控植物生长周期转变;miR172通过调控AP2类基因,控制开花时间和花器官的形成;miR159和miR319的过量表达均会引起一些花发育障碍,如花期延迟。此外,还介绍了其它一些与花发育相关的miRNA,并对miRNA在花形成和发育中的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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以常规棉聊棉6号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,于2015-2016年在山东省聊城市农业科学研究院示范园研究了密度（3.0万~9.0万株/hm 2）对常规棉留叶枝栽培条件下棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明：叶面积指数随密度的增加而增加,高密度（9.0万株/hm 2）易造成田间严重隐蔽。留叶枝条件下,低密度（3.0万株/hm 2）产量最高,叶枝对子棉产量的贡献率随密度的增加而减少。单位面积铃数、果枝和叶枝铃重、马克隆值均随密度增加而显著降低,同一年份密度对叶枝和果枝棉的衣分及其他纤维品质指标无显著影响。分析认为,在鲁西地区,常规棉留叶枝栽培的适宜密度为3.0万株/hm 2,多雨年份要注意防止郁闭。 相似文献
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【目的】研究盐胁迫下施钾调节棉花纤维断裂比强度的糖代谢机制,为盐碱地适量施钾提供理论依据。【方法】以中棉所79(耐盐型)和泗棉3号(盐敏感型)为试验材料,通过设置3个土壤电导率(低盐1.68~1.78 dS·m^-1、中盐6.21~6.42 dS·m^-1、高盐10.59~11.08 dS·m^-1),3个施钾量(0、150、300 kg·hm-2),研究了盐胁迫下施钾对棉花纤维断裂比强度、纤维加厚发育期纤维素累积和蔗糖、β-1,3-葡聚糖及相关酶活性的影响。【结果】(1)盐胁迫显著降低了棉花纤维断裂比强度;施钾显著缓解了中、高盐胁迫下盐分对纤维断裂比强度的影响,但施钾150、300 kg·hm^-2处理间无显著差异。盐碱地施钾,中棉所79的纤维断裂比强度增幅高于泗棉3号。(2)盐胁迫降低了纤维加厚期纤维素的累积量,降低了纤维蔗糖含量并提高了β-1,3-葡聚糖含量;盐碱地施钾则提高了纤维加厚发育期纤维素最大累积速率,提高了花后28 d磷酸蔗糖合成酶以及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性,提高了蔗糖及β-1,3-葡聚糖含量,且施钾缓解作用随盐胁迫程度加重而逐渐减弱。施钾条件下,中棉所79的纤维素最大累积速率及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的增幅高于泗棉3号。【结论】盐碱地适量施钾可缓解盐胁迫对棉花纤维断裂比强度的影响。 相似文献
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Liu Shuai Wu Jie Li Yabing Han Yingchun Dong Helin Li Pengcheng Zheng Cangsong Sun Miao 《棉花学报》2018,30(4):344-352
[Objective] We examined the effects of spraying AFD (Agent of flower bud differentiation), a new plant growth regulator, on cotton yield formation and fiber quality. This study was designed to provide a scientific basis for chemical regulation. [Method] Six treatments of different AFD concentrations were used for this experiment. Cotton plant height, boll number, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and fiber quality were assessed to clarify the effects of chemical regulation on cotton at different concentrations. [Result] The results showed that cotton plant height was associated with AFD concentration while AFD was effective in inhibiting the cotton boll shedding ratio and significantly increasing the boll opening ratio. Furthermore, the boll number per plant and boll weight were significantly higher in plants sprayed with AFD at concentrations of 1 350-1 800 mL·hm－2 than in the control group and higher seed cotton yields were obtained. Different concentrations of AFD had no significant effect on cotton breaking strength, micronaire value, and breaking elongation. However, the highest AFD concentration had certain inhibiting effects on fiber length and uniformity index. [Conclusion] The use of chemical control via a suitable concentration of AFD had a significant effect on increasing cotton yield and little effect on fiber quality. The study of the mechanism by which AFD affects cotton traits is of great significance for cotton production. 相似文献
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棉花WOX转录因子家族基因的全基因组鉴定与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了挖掘可用于棉花花器官或纤维发育研究的候选基因,基于已发布的陆地棉全基因组数据,利用生物信息学的分析方法鉴定了陆地棉WOX(WUSCHEL-related homeobox,WOX)转录因子基因家族,并从染色体分布、基因及蛋白理化性质、蛋白结构、多重序列比对、系统进化树和基因表达模式等方面对该基因家族的特征进行了比较分析。结果表明,鉴定到37个陆地棉WOX转录因子家族基因,命名为GhWOX1~GhWOX37。亚基因组定位结果显示,37个陆地棉WOX转录因子家族基因分布在除了A04、A06、A09、D04、D06和D09号亚基因组以外的20个亚基因组,A亚组比D亚组多1个GhWOX转录因子家族基因。多重序列比对分析棉花WOX转录因子家族成员均具有高度保守的同源异型结构域;系统进化树分析发现棉花WOX转录因子家族可以分为3个亚家族(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类),各亚类分别含有23,7,7个GhWOX转录因子家族基因成员。对NCBI中陆地棉的EST数据库比对分析,有11个GhWOX转录因子家族成员没有可匹配的EST序列,其他26个GhWOX转录因子家族成员在棉花的根、茎、叶、花、胚珠、纤维和种子等组织和器官中广泛表达。为深入研究棉花和其他植物中WOX家族的鉴定和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish an method for cotton metabolites identification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis, and to investigate the adduct types, dominant adducts and appropriate ESI ion modes of cotton secondary metabolites under the determined UPLC and ESI conditions. [Method] UPLC-ESI-MS was employed to analyze 18 cotton metabolite standards, Online XCMS software was used to extract the nontargeted mass spectrum data, and MATLAB software was used to prepare calculation programs for the identification method of cotton metabolite standards. [Result] A high-throughput identification method of cotton secondary metabolite, named POSid and NEGid separately for the positive and negative ESI modes, was established based on the calculated accurate molecular weight. In the determined UPLC condition and positive and negative ESI mode, 14 cotton metabolite standards were correctly identified. There found 6 adducts including [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, [M+NH4]+, [2M+NH4]+, [2M+Na]+ and [2M+H]+ in positive ion mode, and 8 adducts including [M-H]-, [2M-H]-, [M+Cl]-, [M+FA-H]-, [3M-H]-, [M+Na-2H]-, [M-H2O-H]- and [M+TFA-H]- in negative ion mode, while 1 to 6 adducts were observed in the mass spectrum of a single standard, and each metabolite standard had a dominant adduct of a preference for ESI mode. Melibose was suitable for ESI positive ion mode detection, gossypol was suitable for both ion modes detection; and 12 compounds were suitable for negative ion mode detection due to mass spectrum signals of their dominant adduct stronger in negative ion mode than positive ion mode. [Conclusion] Based on the accurate molecular weight, the established identifying method can identify the 18 cotton metabolite standards with their nontarget mass spectrometry data. Under the determined UPLC and ESI condition, the dominant adducts of cotton secondary metabolites have the preference of ESI mode. These results provide technical and theoretical data support for further study of cotton metabolomics. 相似文献
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[Objective] Novel germplasm of cotton was generated for development of cultivars with high resistance to glyphosate. [Method] The glyphosate resistance gene G10eve was preliminarily analyzed using bioinformatics methods and introduced into 'Coker 312' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The expression of G10eve was estimated by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) and qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR). The content of shikimic acid and tolerance to glyphosate were determined in response to application of glyphosate to 'Coker 312' and transgenic plants. [Result] A total of 28 independent positive transgenic lines were obtained. The transformation efficiency and the rate of seedling differentiation were up to 49.3% and 40.6%, respectively. PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed that G10eve was integrated into the cotton genome, and the G10eve expression level differed significantly among the transgenic lines. At the cotyledon stage, the transgenic cotton showed resistance to 8 mL·L－1 glyphosate, whereas 'Coker 312' showed phytotoxicity to the 2 mL·L－1 glyphosate treatment. No significant accumulation of shikimic acid was detected in transgenic plants before or after glyphosate treatment, which indicated the typical physical characteristic of glyphosate resistance. [Conclusion] Overexpression of G10eve in cotton improved resistance to glyphosate. Thus, novel germplasm of cotton resistant to glyphosate was generated. 相似文献
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Xu Ruiqiang Dong Helin Xu Wenxiu Kadiliya Avudukelimu Adina Baishanhali Dong Taili Fu Chuancui Wurentuya Pilijia Tang Jianghua 《棉花学报》2018,30(3):261-271
[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm－2, 326 mL·hm－2, 489 mL·hm－2, 668 mL·hm－2, 815 mL·hm－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton. 相似文献
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陆地棉Pht1家族成员的全基因组鉴定及表达分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】磷是植物三大必需矿质元素之一,对植物的生长发育至关重要。Pht1家族的磷酸盐转运蛋白在植物磷吸收和转运方面具有重要作用,然而关于该基因的系统研究工作尚很少开展。本研究旨在进行Pht1家族成员全基因组鉴定和表达模式分析。【方法】通过生物信息学的方法对陆地棉Pht1家族成员的基因结构、编码蛋白质的结构、染色体定位、基因复制和表达情况等进行全面分析。【结果】(1)在陆地棉的基因组中共鉴定到17个磷酸盐转运蛋白基因(GhPT),其中A亚组包含8个GhPT,D亚组包含9个GhPT;(2)棉花GhPT蛋白之间序列相似性很高,并均具有12个疏水的跨膜区域;(3)进化分析表明这些GhPT蛋白主要聚为2大组(GroupⅠ和GroupⅡ),位于同一组的GhPT的编码基因大部分具有相似的内含子/外显子分布模式;(4)17个GhPT基因不均匀分布在A亚组和D亚组中的5条染色体上,串联复制和片段复制可能导致GhPT基因在陆地棉中的扩增;(5)表达模式分析表明,GhPT6和GhPT14在根中表达量最高,且同时响应低磷和低钾胁迫诱导并上调表达。【结论】这些结果将有助于深入了解Pht1家族基因的功能及离子信号途径相互作用的分子机制。 相似文献
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Differential salt sensitivity during growth stages and reproductive compensation of plants after salt stress relief are important factors for adopting appropriate irrigation strategies with saline waters. Consequently, recovery of cotton after exposure to different levels of salt stress was evaluated. An outdoor, sand culture experiment was conducted with cotton. Water salinities were 2, 10 and 20 dS m−1 , and the growth phases were vegetative (G1), reproductive (G2) and boll development (G3). G1 and G3 were the least and the most salt tolerant phases, respectively. The significant yield reduction in all of the saline water treatments as compared to control was mainly due to the reduction in number of bolls per plants. In general, cotton plants were capable of producing seed cotton under salt stress, as well as, after salt stress relief. However, as the salt stress severity increased the ability of cotton to compensate yield loss decreased. Irrigation of cotton at G1 stage with either moderate (10 dS m−1 ) or high (20 dS m−1 ) salinity waters should be avoided. Moderate saline water could be applied either at G2 or G3 stage. High salinity water can be used for irrigation only at G3 stage to produce acceptable cotton seed yield. 相似文献