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Yuko Murata Noriko U Sata Masahito Yokoyama Ryuji Kuwahara Masaki Kaneniwa Ichiro Oohara 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):341-345
SUMMARY: A novel bitter amino acid, pulcherrimine was analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a linear gradient elution consisting of methanol/aqueous/acetic acid and methanol/acetic acid mixture, after being labeled with dimethylaminoazobenzenesulfonyl chloride (Dabs-Cl). Linearity of the calibration curve for pulcherrimine was high ( r = 0.994) in the tested range from 0 to 4 μg/mL. By this method, the pulcherrimine content in the ovary and testis of the green sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus , collected in the sea off Iwaki in November 1998, was analyzed. The mean pulcherrimine content in the ovary was 1.37 mg/100 g. In contrast, no pulcherrimine was detected in all testes examined. Correlation between the bitterness and the pulcherrimine content was statistically significant. These results strongly support that pulcherrimine is a bitter principle in the green sea urchin ovaries. 相似文献
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测定了父本、母本性腺丰满期三个月的杂交海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius×S.nudus)氨基酸组成。结果表明,杂交海胆氨基酸含量(400.5~490.8 mg/g)、必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的百分比(46.33%~51.09%)和鲜味氨基酸含量(169.5~228.4 mg/g)均较高,鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量超过41%。杂交海胆中甘氨酸含量最高(41.1 mg/g~56.1 mg/g),谷氨酸含量(33.9~49.1 mg/g)次之。杂交海胆棘颜色深浅与氨基酸组成差别不大。杂交海胆蛋氨酸含量、蛋氨酸与缬氨酸含量均略高于父本、母本,海胆味较浓。 相似文献
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银鲳亲鱼不同组织的氨基酸及其随性腺发育的变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
测定了海捕银鲳亲鱼肌肉,肝脏和性腺组织的氨基酸,并分析了不同性腺发育阶段的氨基酸变化。结果表明,雄性V期亲鱼精巢中的牛磺酸含量最高（27.8mg/g）,显著高于肌肉和肝脏组织,而雄性V期亲鱼氨基酸总量在肌肉中最高（631.4 mg/g）,其次是精巢（544.8 mg/g）和肝脏（468.0 mg/g）组织。雌性亲鱼肝脏中的牛磺酸含量（13.7 mg/g）显著高于卵巢和肌肉组织。在卵巢从III期发育到V期过程中,雌性亲鱼肌肉和肝脏中的氨基酸总量在V期下降显著,而卵巢氨基酸总量维持稳定。在总氨基酸的组成上,肌肉中含量高的氨基酸为Glu,Lys, Asp,Leu和Arg;肝脏中含量高的为Glu,Lys, Asp,Val和Leu;精巢中含量高为Glu,Asp, Lys, Arg和Val;卵巢含量高中为Glu,Lys,Leu,Val和Asp。性别和性腺发育阶段对亲鱼肌肉总氨基酸组成无影响。游离氨基酸含量在III 、IV和 V期卵巢中的含量分别为17.7 mg/g ,41.5 mg/g和29.6 mg/g,且其组成随性腺发育阶段的不同而有显著差异。 相似文献
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性腺型芳香化酶基因是一种调节雌雄激素平衡的基因。为初步探究暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因在性腺发育和性别分化过程中的作用,通过RACE及荧光定量PCR技术,成功克隆出暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因的cDNA全长序列,共1786 bp,编码514个氨基酸,与红鳍东方鲀及星点东方鲀同源性最高。氨基酸序列分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白是一种稳定的亲水性蛋白,但不存在信号肽序列;性腺型芳香化酶含有38个磷酸化位点、4个N-糖基化位点、2个跨膜保守结构域;其氨基酸序列在哺乳动物和鱼类中均十分保守,且含有跨膜区、Ⅰ-螺旋区、Ozol′s肽区、芳香化酶特异性保守区和亚铁血红素结合区等功能保守区。表达分析显示,暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因主要在肌肉和卵巢中表达,其次在其他组织中也有少量表达,而且在幼鱼不同发育期卵巢中的表达量呈现出逐渐升高再降低的表达趋势,在精巢中则基本不表达。研究结果表明,性腺型芳香化酶基因很可能参与了暗纹东方鲀雌鱼性腺分化后卵巢的发育、雌性特征的维持和其他组织的发育等过程。 相似文献
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紫海胆黄基本营养成分的分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了测定紫海胆黄中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统分析及合理评价,采用国家标准的生化测定方法以及美国化学分析方法(AOAC)检测海胆黄中的水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示:海胆黄粉中水分含量(5.29±0.02)%,粗灰分(8.69±0.03)%,粗蛋白质(60.36±0.04)%,粗脂肪(25.32±0.09)%,总糖含量(0.044±0.002)mg/100 g;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量(46.50±0.89)%;谷氨酸含量最高,为(5.57±0.11)%;必须氨基酸占总氨基酸的(37.75±0.01)%;主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和亮氨酸;药效氨基酸占氨基酸总量的46.86%;蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)0.8,化学评分(CS)0.5;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为77.86;共检出30种脂肪酸,EPA(二十碳五烯酸)+DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量(2.43±005)%;海胆黄富含钾、磷、钠、镁、铁、锌等矿物质元素;常量元素中,磷元素含量最高,为(1 432.27±8.91)mg/100 g;微量元素中,锌元素含量最高,为(13.13±0.09)mg/100 g。研究表明,海胆黄中蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸种类多、比例合理,脂质含量高且富含EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质含量丰富。 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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Jun Ding Dan Yang Heng Wang Rantao Zuo Shoubing Qi Lingshu Han Yaqing Chang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3483-3492
Strongylocentrotus intermedius has high nutritional value because it is rich in proteins, amino acids and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA). LC‐PUFA are essential nutrients that not only determine the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction performance. To better understand the molecular basis of LC‐PUFA biosynthesis in S. intermedius, the Δ6Fad‐like, Elovl4‐like and Elovl5‐like genes were cloned and fatty acid compositions during the early developmental stages of sea urchins were detected. The full‐length of Δ6Fad‐like was 2,199 bp, with a putative open reading frame of 1,248 bp encoding a polypeptide of 415 amino acid (AA). The Elovl4‐like and Elovl5‐like genes encoded 310 and 234 AA, respectively, which exhibited all of the characteristics of the Elovl family, such as a histidine box motif and putative transmembrane‐spanning domains. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that Δ6Fad‐like, Elovl4‐like and Elovl5‐like genes were expressed at the highest levels in the gonads and intestine, and the expression levels gradually increased in embryos during development. These results can help to understand the role of the Δ6Fad‐like, Elovl4‐like and Elovl5‐like genes in the different developmental stages of the sea urchin and to clarify the biosynthetic pathways of LC‐PUFA during the development of the sea urchin and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality and breeding of excellent traits in sea urchins. 相似文献
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Molecular characterization,tissue distribution of Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone (FSH) beta subunit and effect of kisspeptin‐10 on reproductive hormonal profile of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mohd Ashraf Rather Irfan Ahmad Bhat Niti Sharma Rupam Sharma Gireesh‐Babu P Aparna Chaudhari Jeetendra Kumar Sundaray 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2089-2100
Gonadotropin (GTH) hormones are glycoprotein which stimulates gonadal maturation in vertebrates. Follicle stimulating hormone is involved in initiation of gametogenesis and regulation of gonadal growth. FSHβ has been cloned and characterized from the brain of Catla catla. The FSHβ full‐length of cDNA sequence of 523 bp comprised 3, 394 and 128 bp of 5′‐UTR, open reading frame (ORF) 3′‐UTR respectively. The coding region of C. catla FSHβ encoded a peptide of 130 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of C. catla FSHβ deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity with Gobiocypris rarus followed by goldfish, Carassius auratus. The qPCR result shows that FSHβ mRNA is mainly expressed in pituitary while moderate and low expression was observed in testis and ovary respectively. Chitosan‐nanoconjugated kisspeptin‐10 (CK‐10) of particle size 125 nm, polydispersity index of 0.335 to 0.65 and zeta potential of ?34.95 mV were synthesized and evaluated at against naked kisspeptin‐10 for their reproductive hormonal profile. Treatment of fish with CK‐10 showed controlled and sustained surge of the reproductive hormones (FSH & LH) with peak at 12 h. The hormone levels of naked kisspeptin‐10 treated fish decline after 6 h. The sustained release of this CK‐10 will help in reducing maturation age, synchronization of ovulation and spawning in fish. This is the first report on use of chitosan‐nanoconjugated kisspeptin‐10 (CK‐10) for reproduction in fish. 相似文献
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Wei Wang Hua Zhu Ying Dong ZhaoHui Tian Tian Dong HongXia Hu CuiJuan Niu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(6):1557-1569
Molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of sturgeon, a primitive fish species, is extraordinarily important due to the valuable caviar; however, it is still poorly known. The present work aimed to identify the major genes involved in regulating gonadal development of sterlet, a small species of sturgeon, from 13 candidate genes which have been shown to relate to gonadal differentiation and development in other teleost fish. The sex and gonadal development of sterlets were determined by histological observation and levels of sex steroids testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and 17β-estradiol (E2) in serum. Sexually dimorphic gene expressions were investigated. The results revealed that gonadal development were asynchronous in 2-year-old male and female sterlets with the testes in early or mid-spermatogenesis and the ovaries in chromatin nucleolus stage or perinucleolus stage, respectively. The levels of T and E2 were not significantly different between sexes or different gonadal development stages while 11-KT had the higher level in mid-spermatogenesis testis stage. In all the investigated gonadal development stages, gene dmrt1 and hsd11b2 were expressed higher in male whereas foxl2 and cyp19a1 were expressed higher in female. Thus, these genes provided the promising markers for sex identification of sterlet. It was unexpected that dkk1 and dax1 had significantly higher expression in ovarian perinucleolus stage than in ovarian chromatin nucleolus stage and in the testis, suggesting that these two genes had more correlation with ovarian development than with the testis, contrary to the previous reports in other vertebrates. Testicular development-related genes (gsdf and amh) and estrogen receptor genes (era and erb) differentially expressed at different testis or ovary development stages, but their expressions were not absolutely significantly different in male and female, depending on the gonadal development stage. Expression of androgen receptor gene ar or rspo, which was supposed to be related to ovarian development, presented no difference between gonadal development stages investigated in this study whenever in male or female. 相似文献
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Shin-Kwon Kim Hiroyuki Matsunari Kazuharu Nomura Hideki Tanaka Masahito Yokoyama Yuko Murata Kenji Ishihara Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):875-881
ABSTRACT: The effects of dietary taurine levels and lipid contents on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Six types of diet (three different levels of taurine at two different levels of lipid) were fed to juveniles (average body weight, 0.04 g). Fishmeal that was washed with 70% ethanol to remove taurine was used as the sole protein source. Feeding experiments were carried out at 20°C for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiments, fish were weighed and analyzed for free amino acids in the body and the composition of the conjugated bile acids. The body weight and percent weight gain of the juveniles were improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. The taurine contents of the whole body and tissues increased with the increase of the dietary taurine contents. The conjugated bile acids in the gall bladder consisted of taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, which increased with the increase of the dietary taurine level. Taurocholic acid accounted for more than 95% of the total conjugated bile acids. This indicates that taurine is the sole amino acid to conjugate bile acid in Japanese flounder. 相似文献
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为探究卵黄蛋白受体(Vitellogenin receptor,Vtgr)在双须骨舌鱼性腺发育的作用及组织表达规律,本研究运用RACE技术首次克隆获得双须骨舌鱼vtgr cDNA全序列,该序列全长为2 841 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为2 556bp,编码氨基酸851个,5'端非编码区26 bp,3'端非编码区258 bp。生物信息学分析显示,vtgr蛋白分子质量为93.6 ku,等电点为4.78,含有8个低密度脂蛋白受体A结构域(LDLa),5个低密度脂蛋白受体YWTD结构域(LY),2个类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF),1个钙结合类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF-CA),1个跨度为23个氨基酸的跨膜结构域,属于极低密度脂蛋白受体(vldlr),是亲水性跨膜蛋白。多序列比对分析表明,双须骨舌鱼vtgr高度保守,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)相似度最高为95.96%。系统进化树分析发现,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼聚为一支,与鲽形目、鲤形目、鲑形目亲缘性较远。qRT-PCR结果分析发现,双须骨舌鱼vtgr在雌雄鱼的8个不同组织中均有表达,在卵巢和精巢中的相对表达量显著高于鳃、肝、脾、心脏、头肾、脑等组织(P0.05)。此外,vtgr在雌雄鱼性腺发育Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期表达分析表明,在卵巢中vtgr相对表达量依次递减,且Ⅱ期显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ期(P0.05);精巢中3个时期vtgr表达无显著差异(P0.05),但Ⅱ和Ⅲ期表达量显著低于卵巢(P0.05)。研究表明,vtgr基因编码区序列有较高保守性。Vtgr在双须骨舌鱼前期卵巢发育中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The gonad of Spratelloides gracilis was not sexually differentiated in the yolk-sac, preflexion, flexion and postflexion stages. Sexual differentiation and development of the ovary and testis started in the transition stage from larva to juvenile. In juveniles at the fin ray completion stage, the ovary and testis could be distinguished because the ovary contained germ cells initiating meiosis and the testis had blood vessels and a high density of somatic cells. The ovary further developed in larger juveniles to have oocytes of perinucleolus stage together with those of the chromatin nucleolus stage, and oogonium. However, in the testis of larger juveniles, primary spermatogonium began proliferation by meiosis. Sexual differentiation may be regarded as one of morphological and functional changes accompanying metamorphosis in S. gracilis . Some fish larger than the mature size of 60 mm standard length had advanced germ cells and functional gonads, others did not have functional gonads. The distal end of the immature gonads did not connect with a genital duct near the anus. These observations indicate that S. gracilis has large variability in size-at-maturity. The variability in size-at-maturity in S. gracilis , together with large variability in age-at-maturity, may constitute an ecological basis for an extended spawning season in S. gracilis . 相似文献
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Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) females at different stages of vitellogenesis were sampled to investigate variations in soluble protein, lipid and water content and in the amino acid and fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas and ovaries. During vitellogenesis, the changes in the content of soluble proteins and lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries were dependent on both diet and the reserves from the hepatopancreas. However, in comparison to the ovary, the fluctuation of the amino acid composition in the hepatopancreas suggested that the protein resources mobilized from this organ was compensating for those gained from feeding. Changes in the fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas showed limited compensatory function as for the quick accumulation of lipids in the ovaries. The proportional amounts of saturated fatty acids/mono‐unsaturated fatty acids/poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the predominant fatty acids in both tissues indicated that the mobilization and utilization of fatty acids in freshwater species are different from that in marine species. Based on the redclaw's feeding habits, the commercial pellets used in this study may not be optimal, and a diet with less PUFA may suffice for its vitellogenesis and reduce the feeding costs. 相似文献
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Mengqing Liang Shiwen Wang Jialin Wang Qing Chang Kangsen Mai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1173-1179
To compare the flavor components of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water and low salinity water, the chemical composition of muscle was analyzed, muscle extracts prepared,
and their sensory components and sensory properties were assessed. Shrimp cultured in sea water had a higher content of crude
protein, lower moisture, and a higher flesh pH compared to the low salinity samples (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in crude lipid and ash. The free amino acid composition of muscle extracts
and the amino acid composition of peptides from shrimp cultured in sea water and low salinity water were similar, that is,
the former had a very high content of glycine, arginine, proline and alanine, and the latter a very high content of glutamate,
glycine, arginine, proline and alanine. The major components of nucleotides were adenosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate,
and the major components of organic acids were acetic acid and malic acid. Extracts from shrimp cultured in sea water had
enhanced umami, sweetness and overall flavor, and less of an earthy-musty taste compared to samples cultured in low salinity
water (P<0.05). Aftertaste did not differ between the two shrimp extracts (P>0.05). 相似文献
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本研究分别对青色、紫色和白色刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体壁的营养成分,包括蛋白、脂肪、粗多糖、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及微量元素进行了比较分析。结果显示,青色刺参蛋白含量显著低于紫色和白色刺参(P<0.05),脂肪含量三者无显著差异(P>0.05),青色刺参和紫色刺参的粗多糖含量高于白色刺参(P<0.05)。3种体色刺参检测出17种氨基酸,白色和紫色刺参氨基酸含量相对较高,为48%左右,而青色刺参体壁氨基酸含量为44%左右。紫色和白色刺参的赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸等氨基酸的含量均显著高于青色刺参(P<0.05)。亚油酸(LA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在3种刺参占较高比重,其中,LA作为重要必需脂肪酸在紫色和白色刺参中均显著高于青色刺参(P<0.05),为青色刺参的4.6倍左右;紫色和白色刺参的AA含量也显著高于青色刺参(P<0.05);而青色刺参中的EPA和DHA均显著高于紫色和白色刺参(P<0.05)。在检测的矿物质中,Fe在3种刺参中含量最高,紫色刺参Fe的含量显著低于青色和白色刺参(P<0.05);青色刺参Mn的含量显著高于紫色和白色刺参(P<0.05);白色刺参Cr的含量显著高于青色和紫色刺参(P<0.05)。研究表明,3种体色刺参的营养成分存在较大差异,均具有进一步开发利用价值。 相似文献
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以南极磷虾虾(Euphausia superba)肉糜为原料,通过测定南极磷虾虾肉糜在反复冷冻和解冻过程中ATP及其关联产物、游离氨基酸等的变化,分析冻融循环对虾肉糜滋味成分的影响。结果显示,随着冻融循环次数的增加,南极磷虾虾肉糜的ATP及其关联产物降解加剧,呈鲜味的核苷酸含量逐渐减少,呈苦味的核苷酸含量逐渐增加。1次冻融对应的鲜味苦味比为3.32;2次及以上的冻融循环会造成鲜苦比的显著降低(P<0.05),同时K值迅速增大,表明鲜度发生大幅下降;3次冻融循环后,K值显著增大(P<0.05);4次冻融对应的K值为(86.88±3.58)%,南极磷虾虾肉糜已不新鲜。冻融循环次数的增加导致游离氨基酸总含量增加,鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸比例逐渐减小,苦味氨基酸的比例逐渐增大,导致虾肉糜的滋味进一步劣化。研究表明,冻融循环次数控制在2次以内,可较好地保持南极磷虾虾肉糜的滋味。 相似文献