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假高粱在防城港市发生情况和扑灭措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
假高粱 [Sorghum halep ense(L.) pers.]为世界十大恶性杂草之一 ,也是我国禁止进境的危险性杂草。 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,防城港检验检疫局在防城港市发现假高粱植株。现将防城港市假高粱发生、分布以及采取的扑灭措施等情况报告如下。1 防城港市假高粱的发生情况 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,防城港检验检疫局进行疫情调查时 ,首先在防城港粮食中转站附近发现小片的假高粱植株 ,然后组织人力对业务辖区内可能发生假高粱的场所进行全面的调查 ,结果表明 :在靠近粮中转站的公路两旁疫情较为严重 ,点片发生的假高粱植株共有 2 0余处 ,其中最大的 1片就有 … 相似文献
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假高粱的生物学特性及防除方法 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
假高粱 (Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｈａｌｅｐｅｎｓｅ(Ｌ)Ｐｅｒｓ)属高粱属 ,是一种多年生禾本科杂草 ,属世界十大恶性杂草之一 ,也是我国对外植物检疫对象。 1988年 7月在我市新沂市纪集乡首次发现。现将假高粱的生物学特性和防除技术研究结果报告如下。1 假高粱发生情况假高粱在我市发生后 ,自 1988年起我们每年坚持组织人员进行调查 ,重点在铁路沿线两侧。至 1992年止 ,新沂、邳州、铜山、原郊区共有 17个乡镇先后发现假高粱 ,总计面积 2 0 0 0ｍ2 以上。2 假高粱的生物学特性从 1989年开始通过盆栽试验和实地调查等方法 ,对假高粱进行了生物学… 相似文献
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假高粱(Sorghum halepense (L.)pers)又叫石茅、约翰逊草、宿根高粱等,属禾本科高粱属杂草。假高粱是小麦、玉米、高粱、大豆、棉花、麻类等30多种作物地里的主要杂草,可使甘蔗减产25～50％,玉米减产12～33％(有的高达50％),大豆每公顷减产300～600千克。植株嫩芽含有氰化物,家畜误食后易中毒,甚至死亡。由于假高粱是世界农区最危险杂草之一,许多国家将它列为禁止输入对象。我国也于1986年将其列为对外检疫对象。近几年,假高粱混杂在进口粮中时有传入,由于运输及装卸散落或加工处理不当,造成假高粱在某些地方发生,给农业生产造成一定威胁。仅1991年上半年,流向陕西一带含有假高粱 相似文献
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假高粱Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｈａｌｅｐｅｎｓｅ(Ｌ .)Ｐｅｒｓ为世界十大恶性杂草之一 ,也是我国禁止进境的危险性杂草。 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,防城港检验检疫局在防城港市发现假高粱植株。现将其发生、分布以及我们采取的扑灭措施报告如下。1 假高粱的发生情况2 0 0 0年 5月 ,防城港检验检疫局进行疫情调查时 ,首先在防城港粮食中转站附近发现小片的假高粱植株 ,然后组织人力对业务辖区内可能发生假高粱的场所进行全面的调查 ,结果表明 ,在靠近粮转站的公路两旁疫情较为严重 ,点片发生的假高粱植株共有 2 0余处 ,其中最大的一片就有 2 0多ｍ2 ,植株… 相似文献
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董会生 《中国进出境动植检》1996,(4):13
假高粱是一种世界性的对农牧业生产有严重危害的多年生杂草,并在全世界五大洲的58个国家和地区有发生,它是我国进境植物检疫二类危险性杂草,经常从进口疫粮中被口岸动植检机关检出。我局一面积极开展假高粱的调查及其有关特性的观察,一面努力探索有效的处理办法,并在实践中加以完善和应用,1987年以来,共监管、处理疫粮1亿多公斤,有效地阻止了疫情蔓延。 一、观察假高粱的形态特征、 相似文献
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防城港假高粱发生情况和扑灭措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
假高粱 [Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｈａｌｅｐｅｎｓｅ (Ｌ .)Ｐｅｒｓ .]为世界十大恶性杂草之一 ,也是我国法律规定禁止进境的危险性杂草。 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,防城港检验检疫局在防城港市进行疫情调查时 ,发现假高粱植株。现将其发生、分布以及采取的扑灭措施报道如下。1 假高粱发生情况首先在防城港粮食中转站附近发现小片的假高粱植株 ,然后对该站业务辖区内进行全面的调查。结果发现在靠近粮转站的公路两旁疫情较为严重 ,点片发生的假高粱植株有 2 0余处 ,其中最大的一片就有 2 0ｍ2 以上 ,植株长势茂盛 ,高的超过 2ｍ ,并且大多数植株已处于灌浆… 相似文献
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江苏省假高粱的发生和防治措施 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
江苏省假高粱的发生和防治措施龚伟荣（江苏省植物保护站南京２１００３７）假高粱是我国进境植物检疫危险性杂草,也是国内植物检疫对象。１９８７年在我省首次发现以后（粮油进出口公司从美国进口小麦时,假高粱随着传入）,江苏省植物检疫站对该草的分布危害性及防治方... 相似文献
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假高粱是世界农区最危险杂草之一,被列为我国对外检疫对象。近年,假高粱种子常随进口粮传入国内,仅1991年上半年,流向陕西带有假高粱的进口粮就达40650t。在对带有假高粱的进口粮处理中,过去出现许多漏洞,有的将其直接加 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Conventional models for the durability of resistant cultivars focus on the dynamics of the frequency of resistance genes. This leads to a definition of the durability of resistance as the time from introduction of the cultivar to the time when the frequency of the virulence gene reaches a preset threshold. It is questionable whether this is the most appropriate way to measure durability. Here we use a simple epidemiological model to link population dynamics and population genetics to compare three measures of durability: (i) the expected time until invasion of the virulent genotype, by mutation or immigration, and subsequent establishment of a population (T(invasion)); (ii) the virulence frequency related measure of the time for the virulent genotype to take-over the pathogen population ( T(take-over)); and (iii) the additional yield, measured by the additional number of uninfected host growth days (T(additional)). Specifically, we show how the measures of durability are affected by deployment and epidemiological parameters. We use a combination of numerical solution and analytical approximation of a model for the population dynamics of avirulent and virulent genotypes of a pathogen growing in dynamically changing populations of resistant and susceptible cultivars. The three measures of durability are compared. Some consequences of the results for durable resistance in multilines and mixtures and the regional deployment of resistant cultivars are discussed. 相似文献