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菌灭是一种喹诺酬类药物,为环丙沙星7位哌嗪基团乙酰化产物.体外抑菌试验结果表明,菌灭对畜禽常见的十几种病原菌抑菌效果均优于头孢唑林钠,总体上与环丙沙星相当[1].菌灭制剂无毒性,对家兔眼结膜无刺激性;经肌肉给药吸收快,生物利用度高,分布广泛,消除快[2],对小鼠腹泻具有非常好的疗效. 相似文献
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替米考星与泰乐菌素对畜禽常见病原菌抑菌作用比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用试管2倍稀释法对国产替米考星与泰乐菌素进行了畜禽常见的20种病原菌体外抑菌活性比较试验。结果表明,替米考星和泰乐菌素具有类似的抗菌谱,二者对革兰氏阳性菌均有良好的抑制作用。对革兰氏阴性菌二者除对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、红斑丹毒丝菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和鸡毒支原体均有较强的抑菌效果外,对其他菌则表现为抑菌效果较弱或抗药性。替米考星对部分病原菌如鸡白痢沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯菌抑菌效果明显强于酒石酸泰乐菌素。总体来看,替米考星对畜禽常见病原菌的抑菌活性比泰乐菌素要强一些。 相似文献
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替米考星对畜禽常见病原菌体外抑菌活性的研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用试管2倍稀释法对国产替米考星与头孢唑林钠进行了畜禽常见的18种病原菌体外抑菌活性比较试验.结果表明,替米考星对革兰氏阳性茵及某些阴性茵、鸡败血支原体等均有良好的抑制作用,对部分病原茵如对李氏杆菌、禽巴氏杆茵、猪丹毒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、支气管炎博德特氏茵、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、副溶血嗜血杆菌、鸡败血支原体等高度敏感,表现为具有比头孢唑林钠更强的抑菌活性,但对部分肠道致病菌如大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、沙门氏茵等表现为中敏或抗药,抑茵效果与头孢唑林钠相当或较差. 相似文献
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周廷宣 《中国预防兽医学报》1995,(5)
采用直接法和纸片法,比较了7种消毒剂对多种病原菌的抑菌速度和抑菌强度,结果表明,必灭杀可作为畜禽防病灭病的首选消毒药物;菌毒敌、复合酚、瑞得士203、甲酚皂、新洁而灭可作为畜禽防病灭病的消毒药物。 相似文献
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采用直接法和纸片法，比较了７种消毒剂对多种病原菌的抑菌速度和抑菌强度，结果表明，必灭杀可作为畜禽防病灭病的首选消毒药物；菌毒敌、复合酚、瑞得士２０３、甲酚皂、新洁而灭可作为畜禽防病灭病的消毒药物。 相似文献
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环丙沙星与TMP联用增效作用试验观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
环丙沙星+TMP(复方环丙沙星、百病消炎灵)较单用环丙沙星抗菌谱广、抗菌活性增强。对4种畜禽常见病菌的体外抑菌试验表明:抑菌环直径(mm)基本相似的情况下,联用药浓度为单用药的1/3;最小抑菌浓度(MICg/mL)明显小于单用药(环丙沙星)。对鸡大肠杆菌病治疗试验可见:联用药治疗有效率95%,单用药治疗有效率91%(P<0.05,差异显著)。二因子三水平正交试验,结果表明环丙沙星与TMP最佳配比为1∶1时,抗菌活性最强,抗菌效果最好。 相似文献
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十一种中草药对常见病原菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
用试管两倍稀释法对4种畜禽常见病原菌测定了黄芩、大黄、蒲公英、连翘等11种中草药的体外抑菌试验，结果表明，上述11种药物对禽大肠杆菌O74、金苋色葡萄菌、猪大肠杆菌O138、猪莲球菌均具有一定的抗菌作用，其中黄芩、大黄、蒲公英抗菌活性较强，干蟾抗菌活性较弱。 相似文献
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毛白杨叶提取物对奶牛乳房炎抑菌观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用有机溶剂从行白杨叶中提取出一种物质“Ｙ”，采用杯碟法对从奶牛临床型乳房炎中分离出的８种２４株常见主要病原菌进行了抑菌试验，结果表明，Ｙ对８种病的菌均有强烈的抑菌作用，证明毛白杨叶提取物Ｙ是一种具有高效广谱抑菌活性的药物。 相似文献
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考察马波沙星对猪临床分离病原菌的体外抑菌活性,以期为临床应用提供依据。采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定马波沙星对猪临床分离大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并以土霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和多西环素作为对照药物。结果表明:马波沙星对猪临床分离病原菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌均有较低的最小抑菌浓度,对临床分离大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的抑菌活性明显高于诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和强力霉素,对临床分离大肠杆菌的抑菌活性高于恩诺沙星。马波沙星对引起猪乳房炎-子宫炎-无乳综合征(MMA)的主要病原菌的抑菌活性优于常用抗菌药。 相似文献
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头孢喹诺对几种常见动物病原菌的体外抗菌作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微量肉汤稀释法测定国产头孢喹诺对5种常见动物病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并与头孢噻呋、氨苄西林及环丙沙星进行比较。结果显示头孢喹诺对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为1~2μg/mL,抗菌活性强于其他3种药物;对大肠杆菌的MIC≤0.031~0.25μg/mL,抗菌活性与环丙沙星相近,高于头孢噻呋和氨苄西林;对链球菌的MIC≤0.031~1μg/mL,抗菌活性与头孢噻呋和氨苄西林相近,高于环丙沙星;对多杀性巴氏杆菌以及胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的MIC分别≤0.031~0.5μg/mL和≤0.031μg/mL,抗菌活性与头孢噻呋和环丙沙星相近,强于氨苄西林。结果表明头孢喹诺对革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均具有强大的体外抗菌作用。 相似文献
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In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9 
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下载免费PDF全文 The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested. 相似文献
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S. J. LAUTZENHISER J. P. FIALKOWSKI D. BJORLING E. ROSIN 《Research in veterinary science》2001,70(3):239-241
The objective of the study was to determine the in vitro interaction between enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli and staphylococcal isolates from dogs. The microdilution checkerboard assay was used to determine the interaction of the drugs against 50 E. coli and 50 beta-haemolytic staphylococcal clinical isolates. The checkerboard assay revealed that the activity of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was additive against E. coli and staphylococcal clinical isolates. It was concluded that for bacterial species against which ciprofloxacin is more potent than enrofloxacin, the in vivo transformation of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin may enhance the efficacy of enrofloxacin, if additivity of the drugs is confirmed in vivo. 相似文献
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环丙沙星与甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）的体外联合抑菌研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了检测氟喹诺酮类药物与甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)联合用药产生的作用,作者进行了环丙沙星与TMP联用的体外抑菌试验。先用试管二倍稀释法测定两种药对13 种23 株病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,再用棋盘稀释法测定其FIC指数,判断联合药敏效果。结果表明,在20 株细菌对两种药联合药敏试验中,呈增强作用的占20% ,相加作用的占15% ,无关作用的占65% ,无出现拮抗作用。故除用药前确诊病原菌,并对联合药敏试验呈协同作用者,一般不应将环丙沙星与TMP联合使用。 相似文献
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In vitro evaluation of various quinolone antibacterial agents against veterinary mycoplasmas and porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The in vitro activities of 12 quinolones and four antibiotics were determined against 15 veterinary mycoplasmal species and four species of bacteria commonly involved in respiratory infections in pigs. The newer quinolones were markedly more active in vitro against a wide range of mycoplasmas than nalidixic acid and the earlier quinolones. Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with a geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 16 strains of 0.01 microgram ml-1 compared with 0.04 microgram ml-1 for tiamulin, 0.06 microgram ml-1 for tylosin, 0.17 microgram ml-1 for oxytetracycline and 0.23 microgram ml-1 for gentamicin. M hyosynoviae was less sensitive to the quinolones with mean MICs of 0.6 microgram ml-1 for ofloxacin and 0.7 microgram ml-1 for ciprofloxacin compared with 0.034 microgram ml-1, or less, for tiamulin. Norfloxacin and its 6-chloro analogue were both mycoplasmacidal in vitro at five or 10 times their MICs against M hyopneumoniae UCD4. Tiamulin was mycoplasmastatic. The quinolones were also active against porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida strains and Haemophilus species. Ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with mean MICs of 0.58 microgram ml-1 against B bronchiseptica (nine strains), 0.026 microgram ml-1 against P multocida (five strains) and 0.01 microgram ml-1, or less, against Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (nine strains) and H parasuis (two strains) compared with mean MICs of from 0.5 microgram ml-1 to 64 micrograms ml-1, or more, for the antibiotics. This combination of excellent mycoplasmacidal activity against M hyopneumoniae and good antibacterial activity, suggests that the quinolones have great potential for treating respiratory infections in pigs, including enzootic pneumonia. 相似文献
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Grobbel M Lübke-Becker A Wieler LH Froyman R Friederichs S Filios S 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,124(1-2):73-81
The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the veterinary fluoroquinolones against a panel of recently isolated porcine and bovine bacterial pathogens. The study used enrofloxacin as a benchmark against which other agents were compared, being the most common fluoroquinolone used in treatment of bovine and porcine infections. The activity of ciprofloxacin was also assessed as it is the main metabolite of enrofloxacin in cattle. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin generally showed higher antibacterial activity, in terms of MIC(50) values, for most pathogen species when compared with marbofloxacin, difloxacin, danofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed significantly greater in vitro antibacterial activity than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, P. multocida and E. coli, whereas enrofloxacin showed greater activity than ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Marbofloxacin was significantly more active than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, E. coli and B. bronchiseptica but less active against P. multocida, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Danofloxacin was significantly less active than enrofloxacin against P. multocida, E. coli, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin showed the highest in vitro activities against most bovine pathogens tested and the porcine pathogens also showed a high degree of sensitivity to enrofloxacin. These data facilitate further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones currently used in veterinary medicine. 相似文献
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Objectives: To assess the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from corneal ulcers in cats. Methods: A total of 92 cats with infected corneal ulcers were swabbed for bacterial culture and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates analysed. Results: Bacteria were isolated from 54 of 92 infected eyes with corneal ulcers and purulent discharge. A total of 59 bacterial isolates were obtained from the 54 ulcers. The ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative isolates was approximately 3:1. The most commonly isolated Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus species (51 per cent of all isolates), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.5 per cent of all isolates) was the most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated. The Gram-negative isolates demonstrated a greater incidence of antibiotic resistance than the Gram-positive ones. The most effective antibiotics against the isolates were ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and gentamicin, with erythromycin and lincomycin showing the greatest number of resistant isolates. Clinical Significance: Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species were the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, isolated from feline eyes with ulcerative keratitis. The second-generation fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin and the aminoglycoside gentamicin were found to be highly effective against the majority of isolates. 相似文献