首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: 1) A prospective study to determine in vitro concentrations for a range of fluoroquinolones, gentamicin and amoxycillin-clavulanate required to inhibit growth of recently collected, feline and canine Escherichia coli and canine Staphylococcus intermedius isolates. 2) A comparative retrospective study to compare the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxycillin-clavulanate for archived canine E coli and S intermedius isolates collected ten to twenty years earlier, with those for recently collected isolates. PROCEDURE: Susceptibility was assessed using disk diffusion, agar dilution susceptibility testing and Epsilometer tests (E-tests) for both recently collected and archived isolates. RESULTS: All feline E coli isolates and recently collected canine S intermedius isolates were susceptible to all fluoroquinolones. There was a statistically significant increase in the MIC range of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin for recently collected E coli, and in the MIC range of amoxycillin-clavulanate for recently collected S intermedius isolates compared to archived isolates. Twelve of 59 recently collected canine E coli isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Resistant canine E coli isolates were associated with complicating host or infection site factors. CONCLUSION: This is the first report comparing the MICs for all veterinary fluoroquinolones currently available in Australia for a representative sample of canine and feline E coli and canine S intermedius isolates. Importantly, this study identified 12 of 59 canine E coli isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones and identified the development of low level resistance in canine E coli to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin and canine S intermedius to amoxycillin-clavulanate.  相似文献   

2.
本试验对恩诺沙星和硫酸丁胺卡那霉素在4种奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌（无乳链球菌、化脓链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致病性大肠埃希氏菌）联合药敏试验中的相互作用进行了研究。结果表明,恩诺沙星和硫酸丁胺卡那霉素对各菌的MIC为8～64μg／mL,二者联合后的FIC指数范围为0．5～1,二者联合用药时为协同作用或相加作用。  相似文献   

3.
Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat infections in companion animals. Enrofloxacin's antimicrobial spectrum includes Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and demonstrates concentration-dependent bacteriocidal activity. In dogs and cats, enrofloxacin is partially metabolized to ciprofloxacin and both active agents circulate simultaneously in treated animals at ratios of approximately 60-70% enrofloxacin to 30-40% ciprofloxacin. We were interested in determining the killing of companion animal isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin combined using clinically relevant drug concentrations and ratios. For E. coli isolates exposed to 2.1 and 4.1μg/ml of enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin at 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios, a 1.7-2.5log(10) reduction (94-99% kill) was seen following 20min of drug exposure; 0.89-1.7log(10) (92-99% kill) of S. pseudintermedius following 180min of drug exposure; 0.85-3.4log(10) (98-99% kill) of P. aeruginosa following 15min of drug exposure. Killing of S. pseudintermedius was enhanced in the presence of enrofloxacin whereas killing of P. aeruginosa was enhanced in the presence of ciprofloxacin. Antagonism was not seen when enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were used in kill assays. The unique feature of partial metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin expands the spectrum of enhanced killing of common companion animal pathogens.  相似文献   

4.
BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolones are often used interchangeably in dogs and cats. HYPOTHESIS: Predicted therapeutic efficacy differs among fluoroquinolones. ANIMALS: Bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats. METHODS: Using microtube-dilution procedures, percent resistance and 2 pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic indices (maximum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration [Cmax/MIC] [target 0.10] and area under curve/minimum inhibitory concentration [AUC/MIC] [target 0.125]) were compared prospectively at low and high doses (mg/kg) for ciprofloxacin (5 and 20), difloxacin (5 and 10), enrofloxacin (including enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin) (5 and 20), marbofloxacin (2.5 and 5), and orbifloxacin (2.5 and 7.5). Indices were calculated for organisms represented by < or = 15 isolates. RESULTS: Percent resistance for all Gram-negative (n = 180; 20+/-3%; 39+/-5% for Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive isolates (n = 66; 18+/-3%) did not differ among drugs or organisms. The pattern of Cmax/MIC was generally enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin > or = enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin > or = marbofloxacin > or = orbifloxacin > or = difloxacin; and for AUIC/ MIC, enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin > or = marbofloxacin > or = ciprofloxacin > or = enrofloxacin > difloxacin > orbifloxacin. Among susceptible Gram-negative isolates studied (n = 117), targeted Cmax/MIC or AUC/MIC were achieved in 88% of E. coli, 53% of Proteus mirabilis, and 35% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and for susceptible Gram-positive isolates studied (n = 49), 53% of Streptotoccus spp. and Staphylococcus intermedius and 27% of Staphylococcus spp. At the high dose, the proportion of isolates for which a target was reached was: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin+ciprofloaxin, and marbofloxacin (77%), enrofloxacin (73%), orbifloxacin (51%), and difloxacin (40%); and at the low dose, enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin (43%), ciprofloxacin (40%), marbofloxacin (39%), orbifloxacin (29%), and difloxacin (28%). CONCLUSIONS: E. coli resistance to fluoroquinolones approximated 40%. For susceptible isolates, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin more consistently reached indices associated with predicted efficacy, but only at the high dose.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the veterinary fluoroquinolones against a panel of recently isolated porcine and bovine bacterial pathogens. The study used enrofloxacin as a benchmark against which other agents were compared, being the most common fluoroquinolone used in treatment of bovine and porcine infections. The activity of ciprofloxacin was also assessed as it is the main metabolite of enrofloxacin in cattle. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin generally showed higher antibacterial activity, in terms of MIC(50) values, for most pathogen species when compared with marbofloxacin, difloxacin, danofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed significantly greater in vitro antibacterial activity than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, P. multocida and E. coli, whereas enrofloxacin showed greater activity than ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Marbofloxacin was significantly more active than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, E. coli and B. bronchiseptica but less active against P. multocida, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Danofloxacin was significantly less active than enrofloxacin against P. multocida, E. coli, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin showed the highest in vitro activities against most bovine pathogens tested and the porcine pathogens also showed a high degree of sensitivity to enrofloxacin. These data facilitate further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones currently used in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

6.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested.  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to compare susceptibilities of ear and skin Pseudomonas spp. isolates to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Specimens were obtained from dogs examined in a veterinary dermatology referral hospital. Susceptibilities of ear isolates to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were 46.9%, 66.7%, and 75.0%, respectively. Susceptibilities of skin isolates to the same drugs were 76.2%, 81.0%, and 80.0%, respectively. Ear isolates were significantly less susceptible to enrofloxacin than to ciprofloxacin (P=0.021), and ear isolates were significantly less susceptible to enrofloxacin than were skin isolates (P=0.034). When fluoroquinolone resistance was present, ear isolates were significantly less susceptible to enrofloxacin than to ciprofloxacin (P<0.001) and marbofloxacin (P=0.014).  相似文献   

8.
The periods of time that cephalothin and cefazolin serum concentration remained above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for beta hemolytic, coagulase positive staphylococcal, and Escherichia coli clinical isolates were compared. Cephalothin and cefazolin were similarly very effective in vitro against staphylococcal isolates, with an MIC90 of 0.12 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, cefazolin was more effective than cephalothin against E coli isolates; the cefazolin MIC90 for E coli was 16 μg/mL and for cephalothin 64 μg/mL. Cefazolin (20 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) serum concentration remained more than MIC90 for E coli isolates significantly longer than serum concentration of cephalothin (40 mg/kg IV) ( P <.001).  相似文献   

9.
对2005年~2007年从豫北地区临床分离的377株鸡源大肠杆菌进行生化鉴定,MIC值测定。被测菌株对氟喹诺酮类（FQs）药物恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星均呈严重耐药,耐药率分别为94.9%、93.9%、94.9%。选取对恩诺沙星耐药（MIC>32 μg/ml）的235株大肠杆菌进行qnr基因的分子检测,结果显示仅有1株大肠杆菌（MIC=128 μg/ml）呈qnr基因阳性,经测序分析该基因命名为qnrA。  相似文献   

10.
考察马波沙星对猪临床分离病原菌的体外抑菌活性,以期为临床应用提供依据。采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定马波沙星对猪临床分离大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并以土霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和多西环素作为对照药物。结果表明:马波沙星对猪临床分离病原菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌均有较低的最小抑菌浓度,对临床分离大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的抑菌活性明显高于诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和强力霉素,对临床分离大肠杆菌的抑菌活性高于恩诺沙星。马波沙星对引起猪乳房炎-子宫炎-无乳综合征(MMA)的主要病原菌的抑菌活性优于常用抗菌药。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine nonenteric sites associated with Escherichia coli isolates in dogs and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 17,000 canine specimens. PROCEDURE: Medical records of 17,000 canine specimens submitted for bacteriologic culture were examined and the number of isolations of E coli was determined. For these cases, records were further examined with respect to body system involvement, sex, concurrent infection with other species of bacteria, and antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS: 674 E coli isolates (424 from urine, 62 from the skin, 52 from the respiratory tract, 45 from the ear, 43 from the female reproductive tract, 25 from the male reproductive tract, and 23 from other organ systems) were identified. There was a significantly higher proportion of isolates from urine specimens from spayed females than from sexually intact females or males. Escherichia coli was isolated in pure culture from 65.9% of the specimens. Most E coli isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin (90%), enrofloxacin (87.5%), gentamicin (90.7%), and amikacin (85.9%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most nonenteric E coli infections in dogs involve the urinary tract. Amikacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin have the highest efficacy against canine E coli isolates. For E coli isolates from dogs, in vitro susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents has remained fairly stable during the past decade.  相似文献   

12.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations for enrofloxacin were determined for 63 bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa or urinary tract infections. Development of resistant mutants was determined after exposing the isolates to enrofloxacin in vitro for up to five serial passages. Results indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus spp isolates exposed to enrofloxacin developed resistance rapidly, whereas Klebsiella, Proteus, and Streptococcus spp were less likely to develop resistance. Despite the presence of enrofloxacin pressure, no resistant bacteria developed in the Escherichia coli and staphylococcal isolates. In many isolates, susceptibility patterns changed from susceptible to intermediate.  相似文献   

13.
Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined for ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, lincomycin, lincospectin (lincomycin/spectinomycin), neomycin, premafloxacin, spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline against a total of 180 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella choleraesuis (60 each) clinically isolated from pigs on farms in Taiwan from 1994 to 1996. No more than 3 isolates per farm were used. Ceftiofur had the highest activity in vitro against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 0.03, 2, and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Premafloxacin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 2, 8, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, which were lower than those with enrofloxacin (MIC90 8, 32, and 2 microg/ml, respectively). Neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli, with MIC90 values of 8 and 64 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive with S. choleraesuis. Gentamicin showed high activity against A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 2 microg/ml) but was only moderately active with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 of 64 and 32 microg/ml). Cephalothin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 1 microg/ml) but was inactive with E. coli (MIC90 of 128 microg/ml). Lincomycin had moderate activity (MIC90 of 32 microg/ml) against A. pleuropneumoniae. Chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were inactive with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 > 128 microg/ml). In conclusion, ceftiofur and premafloxacin were highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, enrofloxacin and gentamicin were highly to moderately active; cephalothin was highly active against A. pleuropneumoniae and moderately active against S. cholearesuis; chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were active only with A. pleuropneumoniae; neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli. The other antimicrobials tested were inactive.  相似文献   

14.
The current study aimed at determining the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. infecting broiler chickens. A total of 240 caecal samples from six slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was detected in 40.4% (97/240) of the samples and C. coli in 12.1% (29/240). The agar disc diffusion method and the E-test were used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. C. jejuni isolates were most resistant to nalidixic acid (79.4%) followed by tetracycline (76.3%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%) and enrofloxacin (15.5%). Among the C. coli isolates, the frequency of resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was the same at 65.5%. The predominant profiles of multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobials in C. jejuni and C. coli were determined as tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin resistance (48.5%) and tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin resistance (51.7%), respectively. To prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of animal origin to humans, it should be noted that high proportions of multidrug resistance were found in both species.  相似文献   

15.
为了调查新疆伊犁某牛场饮水、饲料和粪样中分离的大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对饮水源、饲料源、牛粪源样品中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,25份牛场饮水源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（25/25）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（12.0%）、氨苄西林（4.0%）、诺氟沙星（4.0%）、恩诺沙星（8.0%）和安普霉素（8.0%）5种抗菌药物耐药;72份牛场饲料源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为65.3%（47/72）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（36.2%）、氨苄西林（19.1%）、诺氟沙星（4.3%）和安普霉素（4.3%）4种抗菌药物耐药;80份牛粪源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（80/80）,对阿米卡星（12.5%）、氨苄西林（7.5%）、恩诺沙星（7.5%）、庆大霉素（5.0%）、诺氟沙星（2.5%）、环丙沙星（2.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（1.3%）和头孢噻呋（1.3%）8种抗菌药物耐药,仅对安普霉素敏感。该牛场分离的大肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况一般,但中介率较高,须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避免使用不敏感和中介率高的抗菌药物,养殖场饮水和饲料有被耐药大肠杆菌污染的风险。  相似文献   

16.
From 2012 to 2014,300 chicken cloacal swab samples were collected from a broiler farm in Liaoning province,152 strains of chicken-derived Escherichia coli were isolated and identified.The 152 strains of chicken-derived Escherichia coli were detected on 14 kinds of veterinary antimicrobial drugs and 16 kinds of antimicrobial drugs for human by using trace dilution method,and reference to CLSI enterobacter decision criteria to determine.The results showed that chicken-derived Escherichia coli had obvious resistance to veterinary antimicrobial drugs (amoxicillin,ampicillin,enrofloxacin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,sulfafurazole,tetracycline) and antimicrobial drugs for human (piperacillin,ticarcillin,ciprofloxacin),the resistance rates were high.The resistance test results of isolated chicken-derived Escherichia coli comparing with the MIC value distribution of EUCAST wild type strains were same,but through comparing MIC value distribution,the results showed the isolates of spectinomycin,ampicillin,enrofloxacin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cefalotin,cefuroxime,ciprofloxacin and tobramycin drugs MIC value moved to the right obviously,indicated that the antibiotic resistant strength of Escherichia coli increased gradually.The process of breeding and strict biosecurity measures should be taken scientifically to control diseases,and the antibacterial agents should be applied reasonably to control broiler farm production and propagation of bacterial drug resistance.  相似文献   

17.
2012~2014年从辽宁某肉鸡养殖场采集300份鸡泄殖腔拭子,分离获得152株鸡源大肠杆菌。采用微量稀释法对152株鸡源大肠杆菌进行了14种兽用和16种人用抗菌药的药物敏感性测定,并参照CLSI肠杆菌判定标准进行判定。结果显示,鸡源大肠杆菌对兽用阿莫西林、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、磺胺异噁唑、四环素和人用哌拉西林、替卡西林、环丙沙星均产生明显耐药性,耐药率较高。对所分离的鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性检测结果与EUCAST发布的野生型菌株MIC值分布进行比较分析,耐药结果基本一致,但通过MIC值分布比较,结果显示出分离菌株的大观霉素、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、头孢噻吩、头孢呋辛、环丙沙星和妥布霉素药物的MIC值发生了明显右移,表明该肉鸡场大肠杆菌对上述抗菌药的耐药强度呈现逐渐增强的趋势。在养殖过程中应采取科学饲养和严格的生物安全措施防控疾病,科学合理使用抗菌药物,控制肉鸡场细菌耐药性的产生和传播。  相似文献   

18.
宠物源性大肠杆菌耐药性调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法对120株宠物医院分离的大肠杆菌进行头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等13种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值测定,并利用WHONET 5.4软件对数据进行处理,以了解广州市宠物源性大肠杆菌的耐药情况。通过对其耐药谱型的调查,为指导宠物临床用药和耐药性及耐药性监测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
广东鸡致病性大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  
以广东省21个地级市为单位,从鸡场病死鸡分离细菌,选取经生化和动物试验证明的鸡致病性大肠杆菌共115株,采用药敏纸片法测定其对氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性.结果显示,72.2 %的试验菌对氟喹诺酮类药物产生抗药性;氟喹诺酮类药物之间交叉耐药严重,恩诺沙星与氟罗沙星交叉耐药率高达99%.  相似文献   

20.
The in vitro activities of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were determined against field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) by means of the broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobial drugs were determined for a representative number of 10 isolates and 1 type strain. The susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin was determined by means of an agar disk diffusion test. The MICs of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were within the ranges of 0.125-0.5, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0 and 4.0-8.0 microg/ml, respectively. This study has shown that resistance of MmmLC against enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin was negligible. All the field strains of A. pyogenes that were tested were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin with mean inhibition zones of 30.6, 42.3 and 35.8 mm, respectively. Although there is lack of data on in vivo efficacy and in vitro MIC or inhibition zone diameter breakpoints of these antimicrobial drugs for MmmLC, the MIC results indicate that these 4 classes of antimicrobial drugs should be effective in the treatment of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号