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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌是人和动物肠道中重要的益生菌。益生菌进入肠道后,能够黏附定植并形成黏膜生物屏障,帮助肠道抵御各种致病菌的感染,维持肠道的正常功能。乳酸杆菌的黏附是由其表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和胞外多糖等黏附素与宿主细胞表面的受体相结合的过程。为深入研究黏附机制,本文主要对乳酸杆菌黏附肠道上皮的黏附素和受体等方面进行综述。 相似文献
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用扫描电镜观察健康鸡嗉囊黏膜表面正常菌群与黏膜细胞结合的状态,结果发现,嗉囊黏膜表面覆盖着大量的乳酸杆菌,将乳酸杆菌放大可见,其表面以伪足样丝状物与嗉囊黏膜细胞紧密结合。用透射电镜观察乳酸杆菌黏附消化道上皮细胞(CaCo-2cell)的状态发现,上皮细胞与乳酸杆菌相结合后其结构没有变化,菌体结构也完好无损。另外,用透射电镜对乳酸杆菌表面黏附物质被提取前后的形态变化进行了观察,结果表明,细菌被提取蛋白后,细菌细胞壁变薄、透明、凹凸不平,而未提取蛋白的细菌表面结构正常,表明乳酸杆菌表面存在着某种蛋白物质,这种物质就是上皮细胞发生结合的黏附素蛋白。 相似文献
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利用兔抗鸡乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白血清,以不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对不同日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,2日龄鸡嗉囊部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.181;1日龄鸡小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.168;5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.200和0.123。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.143和0.132;小肠,0.148和0.134。 相似文献
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利用兔抗鸡消化道上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌受体蛋白血清,以琼脂扩散试验、不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对1～40日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄鸡嗉囊与小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分,D450nm值分别为0.236和0.176,4～5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.231和0.166。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位上皮细胞上乳酸杆菌黏附受体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.181和0.164;小肠,0.180和0.161。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2016,(8)
为了阐明马链球菌兽疫亚种新蛋白SeseC-00619(细胞表面蛋白,cell surface protein,CSP)的功能,本试验采用real-time qPCR分析CSP的体内诱导表达特征,同时在大肠埃希菌中表达与纯化马链球菌兽疫亚种表面相关蛋白CSP,研究其免疫反应性及免疫保护功能,并试图解释其分子机制。通过流式细胞术与黏附抑制试验探索CSP对小鼠肺上皮细胞的黏附作用。结果表明,CSP是一个重要的体内诱导抗原,并且能在S.zooepidemicus细菌表面表达,属于细菌表面蛋白。重组蛋白CSP能够黏附LA-4细胞表面,而这种黏附作用可以竞争性抑制S.zooepidemicus黏附宿主细胞。本结果为进一步研究CSP基因的功能及其在致病机制中的作用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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三株乳酸杆菌的分离鉴定与益生特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过分离鉴定猪肠道内乳酸杆菌并对其益生特性进行比较分析,旨在为乳酸杆菌在仔猪饲粮中的应用提供科学依据。试验选取健康猪粪便,利用选择性培养基进行厌氧培养和单克隆纯化,共获得三株乳酸杆菌,通过生化鉴定、16Sr RNA基因序列测定和同源性分析,确定分离菌株分别为植物乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌;采用牛津杯法、活菌计数法和细胞试验等研究三株乳酸杆菌体外抑菌活性、黏附性及竞争性黏附猪小肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)的益生特性。结果表明:与对照组相比,三株乳酸杆菌培养上清液的抑菌圈直径(P0.01)和抑菌效果(P0.01)差异均极显著,并且以植物乳杆菌培养上清液的抗菌效果为最佳;三株乳酸杆菌均可黏附于IPEC-J2细胞,并且以植物乳杆菌黏附IPEC-J2的菌数为最多;与对照组相比,三株乳酸杆菌对大肠杆菌黏附IPEC-J2细胞均具有抑制作用(P0.01),并且以植物乳杆菌抑制黏附的效果最好。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(9)
为了研究不同培养条件对乳酸菌黏附猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的影响,试验采用体外细胞培养方法,观察乳酸杆菌在不同条件下(如p H值、温度、离子浓度)黏附猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的能力。结果表明:p H值为6时,小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数为(15.60±0.58)个,较其他p H值时多;与其他温度(30℃和42℃)相比,37℃时猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数最多,为(22.44±1.05)个/细胞;与其他浓度相比较,猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附乳酸杆菌数最多的是,2 mmol/L Ca2+时为(11.36±2.36)个/细胞,2 mmol/L Mg2+时为(18.75±1.37)个/细胞,0.005 mmol/L Fe2+时为(22.48±2.78)个/细胞,0.000 5 mmol/L Cu2+时为(20.24±2.35)个/细胞,0.002 5 mmol/L Zn2+时为(17.48±1.59)个/细胞;不同浓度的S2-对乳酸杆菌黏附小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附性影响不显著;0.005 mmol/L I-时小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附细菌数为(19.68±1.25)个/细胞,其他浓度I-对乳酸杆菌的细胞黏附性影响不显著。说明乳酸杆菌与猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞黏附的最佳酸碱度、温度分别为p H值为6~7、37~42℃;Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、I-等6种离子的最适浓度分别为2,2,0.005,0.000 5,0.002 5,0.005 mmol/L。 相似文献
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It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found. 相似文献
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Moxley RA 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(1):15-33
Cattle are a major reservoir of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, an important zoonotic pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Colonization of cattle occurs predominantly in the large intestine, and may especially target follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) in the terminal rectum. Bacterial colonization involves induction of attaching-effacing (A/E) lesions, mediated by type III secreted proteins and an outer membrane protein called intimin. ToxB, encoded on plasmid pO157, contributes to adherence of E. coli O157:H7 through promotion of the production and/or secretion of type III secreted proteins. Production of type III secreted proteins and intestinal colonization appear to involve quorum-sensing mechanisms. In the human host, E. coli O157:H7 may have a preference for FAE in the distal small intestine. The H7 flagellum induces production of chemokines such as interleukin 8, and neutrophilic infiltration of the intestinal mucosa, which in turn may enhance Shiga toxin (Stx) uptake across the intestinal epithelium. Both Stx and cytokine responses play critical roles in the induction of the vascular lesions that underlie hemorrhagic colitis and HUS. In cattle, Stx binds to intestinal crypt cells and submucosal lymphocytes but not vascular endothelium. The role played by Stx in cattle may be to suppress mucosal immunity, yet enhance other effects that promote intestinal colonization. 相似文献
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Staphylococcus aureus is the most persistent pathogen causing ovine mastitis. This study investigated S. aureus binding to cultured epithelial cells obtained from the mammary gland. A staphylococcal 145kDa cell wall adhesin, originally isolated from a bovine mastitis strain, was detected in lysostaphin-solubilized ovine mastitis strains and in the encapsulated strain A. This adhesin was able to bind to cultured ovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MGEC) and to a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (RIE-1), exhibiting different electrophoretic mobilities that could be attributable to protein polymorphism. Inhibition assays using antibodies against 145kDa adhesin and against whole bacteria showed the specificity of the binding to cells. The role of this protein in adherence was assessed by adherence inhibition tests carried out in vitro with radiolabeled bacteria and cultured epithelial cells. Preincubation of bacteria with antibodies against adhesin 145kDa or against strain c195 resulted in a statistically significant decrease of adherence. These experiments suggest that adherence of S. aureus to MGEC may be critical for colonization. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2020,(1)
Early colonization of intestinal microbiota during the neonatal stage plays an important role on the development of intestinal immune system and nutrients absorption of the host. Compared to the normal birth weight(NBW)piglets, intrauterine growth restricted(IUGR) piglets have a different intestinal microbiota during their early life,which is related to maternal imprinting on intestinal microbial succession during gestation, at birth and via suckling.Imbalanced allocation of limited nutrients among fetuses during gestation could be one of the main causes for impaired intestinal development and microbiota colonization in neonatal IUGR piglets. In this review, we summarized the potential impact of maternal imprinting on the colonization of the intestinal microbiota in IUGR piglets, including maternal undernutrition, imbalanced allocation of nutrients among fetuses, as well as vertical microbial transmission from mother to offspring during gestation and lactation. At the same time, we give information about the current maternal nutritional strategies(mainly breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics) to help colonization of the advantageous intestinal microbiota for IUGR piglets. 相似文献
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In vitro adhesion of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 strain to surfaces of the chicken intestinal tract and to ileal mucus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The role of fimbria in adherence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78 strain 789 to chicken intestine was studied. Bacterial adhesion to tissue sections representing the regions within the chicken intestinal tract was determined by using immunohistochemical methods. E. coli 789 grown to express the type 1 fimbria adhered efficiently to the crop epithelium, to the lamina propria of intestinal villi, and to the apical surfaces of both the mature as well as the crypt-located enterocytes in intestinal villi, whereas no adhesion to mucus-producing goblet cells was detected. The adhesion was inhibited by mannoside and the role of type 1 fimbriae in the observed adhesion was confirmed with a recombinant strain expressing type 1 fimbriae genes cloned from E. coli and Salmonella enterica. E. coli 789 strain grown to favor AC/I fimbriae expression as well as the recombinant E. coli strain expressing the fac genes adhered to goblet cells but only poorly to the other epithelial sites. E. coli strain 789 as well as S. enterica serovar Typhimurium IR715 and S. enterica serovar Enteriditis TN2 strains were able to multiply in ileal mucus medium. The type 1 fimbria expressing bacteria adhered to the ileal mucus, whereas the AC/I fimbriated strains showed poor adherence to the mucus. The adhesion of E. coli 789 onto the crop epithelium and the follicle associated epithelium of the chicken ileum was efficiently inhibited by an adhesive strain ST1 of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from chicken, whereas poor inhibition of E. coli adherence was observed with the weakly adhesive L. crispatus strain 134mi. The type 1 fimbriae may be important in colonization of the chicken intestine by APEC and Salmonella. 相似文献
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Jane Pritchard Musangu Ngeleka Dorothy M Middleton 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(2):108-115
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the colonization patterns of 3 pathogenic Escherichia coli strains: PD58 and PD149 of the AIDA-I/STb/EAST1 pathotype, serogroup O: ND (not determined), and PD31 of the LT/STb/EAST1 pathotype, serogroup O149. These strains were isolated from diseased piglets and caused diarrhea in experimentally inoculated, newborn, colostrum-deprived pigs. In this study, intestinal tissues from newborn pigs experimentally infected with a high inoculum (20 ml containing 10(10) cfu) were harvested and examined for bacterial colonization using light microscopy. A nonaqueous perfluorocarbon fixation method was used to preserve the glycocalyx of the microvillus border in tissues collected for TEM. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that E. coli strain PD149 displayed long flexible fimbria-like structures that intimately attached the bacteria both to the microvillus border of the upper colon and to adjacent bacteria. In vitro, this strain demonstrated the localized adherence pattern to HEp-2 cells characteristic of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC). Both PD58 and PD31 strains colonized the upper colon through the formation of a biofilm, also characteristic of EAggEC. Strains PD58 and PD31 adhered poorly to HEp-2 cells in vitro, although these demonstrated a colonization pattern suggestive of diffuse and aggregative adherence, respectively. These findings suggest that strains PD58 and PD149, expressing the AIDA-I, factor and strain PD31 represents hybrid pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli and that they probably cause diarrhea in piglets through differing mechanisms. 相似文献
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Lactobacilli are bacteria commonly associated with the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. They are able to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins, lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, the factors which have been shown to be beneficial for controlling overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. For this reason lactobacilli are often applied in probiotics. The aim of present study was to construct a reporter strain based on the gfpuv expression system which can bee used as a strain with the ability to colonize the intestinal tract in future experiments. 相似文献