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田间作物与杂草的识别是实现变量喷洒除草药剂的关键.为此,提出了田间作物和杂草的叶子颜色信息以及HSI颜色模型研究的基础上,提出了一种与HSI空间3分量相互分离的特点相结合的色差边缘检测方法,并将实验结果同传统的Sobel方法进行了比较.结果表明,该方法充分利用了田间作物与杂草的彩色信息,能够快速准确地检测到图像的边缘,边缘连续性好,能很好地与背景分离,而且能够满足实时检测的要求. 相似文献
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基于颜色特征的棉田中铁苋菜识别技 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于不同的颜色特征,利用机器视觉技术自动识别棉田中铁苋菜.分别对棉花和杂草铁苋菜的色差法(R-G,R-B,G-B)、超绿法(2G-R-B)、色度法(H)等5种特征图像进行对比,确定色度法利用最大方差进行二值化的效果最佳.创建与二值图像相对应的0、1双精度型矩阵,并分别与R、G、B三基色分量图相乘,获取前景是R、G、B三基色分量图,背景是黑色的灰度图像.分析棉花、铁苋菜前景R、G、B的标准差,确定R的标准差与B的标准差差值小于5作为判断铁苋菜的阈值.识别结果表明,棉花的判断准确率为71.4%,铁苋菜的判断准确率为92.9%,总体准确率为82.1%. 相似文献
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基于色差信息多色彩模型的黄羽鸡快速分割方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
快速准确分割出复杂背景下的鸡只图像,是应用机器视觉系统快速识别实际饲养环境下病鸡的关键步骤。以某鸡舍散养的黄羽肉鸡为分割目标,提出了一种基于色差信息的多色彩模型鸡只分割方法。首先对200幅自然环境下拍摄的图像在常用的色彩模型下,分析了鸡冠、鸡身羽毛、鸡肚羽毛以及背景的颜色特征,利用背景在RGB色彩模型的R、G、B三分量色差信息特征进行一次分割,去除大部分的背景,然后转换到HSV色彩模型,获取黄羽鸡不同部位的H分量阈值,再由H阈值范围提取鸡身、鸡冠实现二次分割,最终得到分割目标。实验结果表明所提方法实际分割正确率为86.3%,优于L*a*b*色彩模型聚类的78.4%。所提方法复杂度小,运算时间短,适用于实时分割场合。 相似文献
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基于Mask R-CNN的玉米田间杂草检测方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对田间复杂环境下杂草分割精度低的问题,提出了基于Mask R-CNN的杂草检测方法。该方法采用残差神经网络Res Net-101提取涵盖杂草语义、空间信息的特征图;采用区域建议网络对特征图进行杂草与背景的初步二分类、预选框回归训练,利用非极大值抑制算法筛选出感兴趣区域;采用区域特征聚集方法(Ro IAlign),取消量化操作带来的边框位置偏差,并将感兴趣区域(Ro I)特征图转换为固定尺寸的特征图;输出模块针对每个Ro I计算分类、回归、分割损失,通过训练预测候选区域的类别、位置、轮廓,实现杂草检测及轮廓分割。在玉米、杂草数据集上进行测试,当交并比(Io U)为0. 5时,本文方法均值平均精度(m AP)为0. 853,优于Sharp Mask、Deep Mask的0. 816、0. 795,本文方法的单样本耗时为280 ms,说明本文方法可快速、准确检测分割出杂草类别、位置和轮廓,优于Sharp Mask、Deep Mask实例分割算法。在复杂背景下对玉米、杂草图像进行测试,在Io U为0. 5时,本文方法 m AP为0. 785,单样本耗时为285 ms,说明本文方法可实现复杂背景下的农田作物杂草分割。在田间变量喷洒试验中,杂草识别准确率为91%,识别出杂草并准确喷雾的准确率为85%,准确喷药的杂草雾滴覆盖密度为55个/cm2,装置对每幅图像的平均处理时间为0. 98 s,满足农药变量喷洒的控制要求。 相似文献
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从实时性和多特征的综合角度出发,基于虚拟仪器技术的软硬件平台,提出了一种颜色和形态特征相结合的棉田杂草实时识别与定位的方法.在HIS 颜色模型中,以色度H为特征量,用Otsu算法自动取阈值法将植物与背景分离;利用植株的形态特征,结合形态学腐蚀、膨胀方法及骨架长度与面积比得到的识别方法,将棉苗和杂草分离.同时,通过对图像的特征分析和坐标变换,完成准确定位,得到中心坐标等物理参数,从而为后续株间除草机器人控制系统的研究提供重要依据.系统采用Labview和NI-Vision软件平台搭建,多幅杂草图像研究结果表明:该系统杂草的正确识别率平均为85.32% ,处理1幅1024*768的图像平均只需196ms ,识别速度能满足实时除草要求. 相似文献
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基于颜色特征的牧草图像分割方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对自然光照条件下牧草图像的分割问题,分别研究了在RGB颜色空间和HSI颜色空间中牧草颜色特征的提取。在RGB颜色空间中,利用2G-B色差特征得到牧草和背景差值最大的色差灰度图像,使用最大类间方差图像分割法对色差灰度图像进行了图像分割。在HSI颜色空间中,根据牧草H分量的分布特点,使用模糊C-均值(FCM)的彩色图像分割方法对牧草的彩色图像进行了有效分割。实验表明,基于HIS彩色空间H色调的FCM方法对牧草的分割能够取得比较理想的效果,经二值化处理后得到的牧草轮廓要比基于2G-B色差特征的最大类间方差分割方法得到的牧草轮廓更加完整。 相似文献
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机器视觉技术在玉米苗期杂草识别中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
杂草严重影响我国的玉米产量,化学除草剂是防治杂草的有效方法,但通常采用粗放的喷洒方式,防治效果较差。精准喷洒极大地降低了除草剂的用量,提高了使用效率。除草剂实现精准喷洒的前提是识别玉米田中杂草位置和种类等信息,而机器视觉是一种开始广泛应用于识别作物田间杂草的方法。为此,设计了一种基于机器视觉的玉米苗期杂草识别方法,采集的图片经过畸变矫正、HSI颜色空间转换和阈值分割后,根据形状和颜色特征提取并识别杂草。田间试验结果表明:在不同播种方式下对玉米和杂草的识别率超过85%,处理单张图片的平均耗时为67ms,能为除草剂的精准喷洒提供信息。 相似文献
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基于多光谱图像和 SVM 的玉米田间杂草识别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决变量喷洒对杂草识别速度与正确率的要求,提出了一种基于多光谱图像和SVM 的杂草识别新方法。通过多光谱成像仪获得玉米与杂草图像,采用 IR-R 的多光谱融合并结合 Otsu 分割法完成背景分割;随后对植被图像进行目标分割与形态学处理,提取出所有植被叶片图像,在此基础上提取了叶片11个形状特征参数和纹理特征参数。为提高算法的实时性,对叶片的特征参数进行主成分分析,将前3个主成分作为支持向量机的输入建立模式识别模型。结果表明,降维后对于未知预测样本的识别正确率达到85％,用时0．001415 s。与直接利用支持向量机的90％的识别率和0．105165 s的用时相比,该算法在满足识别率的同时,用时更少,为田间杂草的快速识别提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献