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1.
本试验以玉米秸秆粉为主要原料,研究了麸皮添加量、氮源、含氮量、含水量和接种量等因素对一株经航天诱变筛选出的高产纤维素酶菌株黑曲霉ZM-8产纤维素酶的影响.并在确定了最佳氮源的基础上对其他各组分采用正交试验进行了优化.结果表明,其最佳固态培养基组分为:氮源为(NH4)3PO4,含氮量0.6%,含水量250%(m/m),玉米秸秆粉与麸皮质量比为4:1,接种量1:30.在优化后的培养基组分上测定的滤纸酶(FPU)酶活和内切β-1,4葡聚糖酶(CMC)酶活分别为3.32 U/g和12.48 U/g,比优化前分别提高了约50%和56%. 相似文献
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试验旨在探究油菜秸秆最佳的预处理工艺及其发酵产酶的效果。在油菜秸秆粉末预处理中,以秸秆保留量、预处理秸秆酶解产糖量、初始秸秆比产糖量为预处理的评估指标,考察浸泡时间、处理液浓度、液料比、处理液、秸秆粉碎程度等5个因素对预处理后秸秆粉末的影响,通过正交试验确定出最佳预处理工艺,以浸泡温度、浸泡时间、处理液浓度作为考察因素。结果显示：通过单因素和正交试验优化得到最佳预处理的条件为以40～60目的油菜秸秆粉为原料,液料比10 mL/g,温度45℃,在1.1%的NaOH中浸泡36 h。在最优条件下,秸秆比产糖量达0.181 1 g/g。在固态产酶优化试验中考察碳源配比、氮源浓度、液料比、接种量、培养温度、培养时间等6个因素对固态发酵产酶优化的影响,通过正交试验确定出最佳固态发酵产酶优化条件,以碳源配比、氮源浓度、培养温度、培养时间作为考察因素。通过单因素和正交试验优化,得到最佳发酵条件为油菜秸秆粉和麸皮比为5∶4、硫酸铵浓度为2.5%、液料比1.5 mL/g、接种量5%、培养温度30℃、培养时间5 d,产纤维素酶活提高至7.923 IU。研究表明,通过对油菜秸秆进行预处理及产酶发酵后,能够显著... 相似文献
3.
绿色木霉固态发酵产纤维素酶活力的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以麦秆和麸皮为主要原料, 通过正交试验和单因素试验优化绿色木霉Trichderma viride固态发酵产纤维素酶的最佳工艺条件,并研究绿色木霉对小麦秸秆纤维素降解的影响,为绿色木霉降解小麦秸秆纤维素提供最佳条件,进而提高小麦秸秆的利用率。结果表明,不同条件下绿色木霉产纤维素酶活力存在显著差异(P<0.05),最佳培养基为：氮源为(NH4)2SO4,pH值5.5,含水量为200%,麦秆∶麸皮质量比为4∶1;最佳发酵条件为：培养时间为96 h、温度35 ℃、初始pH值 6.0、含氮量0.4%、接种量15%,培养方式为半密闭;发酵后小麦秸秆中中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、纤维素含量和半纤维素含量比发酵前分别下降5.22%、6.88%、4.73%和4.16%,木质素含量无明显变化。 相似文献
4.
在玉米秸秆粉和麸皮组成的培养基上对黑曲霉进行固体培养,研究不同秸秆粉∶麸皮配比及不同营养液和不同培养时间对黑曲霉产纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的影响。结果表明,不同培养条件对黑曲霉产滤纸酶和木聚糖酶都有影响,黑曲霉产滤纸酶的最优培养条件组合为麸皮∶秸秆粉1∶4、Mandel营养液、培养96h,所得酶活力为15.136U/g,比实验最低组的酶活提高了4.32倍;产木聚糖酶的最优培养条件组合为麸皮∶秸秆粉3∶1、NaNO3、培养96h,所得酶活为282.702U/g,比实验最低组的酶活提高了34.2%。 相似文献
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固态发酵复合酶培养条件的优化及工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据猪的消化生理特点和饲喂饲料,确定猪用复合酶以酸性蛋白酶、木聚糖酶为主,兼有纤维素酶,并采用单因素搜索试验对培养基组成、培养条件进行优化。试验确定的最佳培养基组成为:麸皮60g,纤维素粉40g,豆粕10g,(NH4)2SO42g,MgSO40.05g,K2HPO40.1g。最佳培养条件为:接种量w(曲种)=0.3%,每克原料含3×105个孢子,培养温度30～35℃和适宜的培养时间,在此条件下,所产酶活力分别为:纤维素酶8597U/g,木聚糖酶5054U/g,酸性蛋白酶861U/g。 相似文献
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拟康氏木霉固态发酵产纤维素酶系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以稻草秸秆为主要原料,利用拟康氏木霉3.3002(Trichoderma pseudokoningii 3.3002)固态发酵生产纤维素酶,对培养条件进行了优化,并系统地测定了各种纤维素酶的酶活.结果表明,最优产酶培养基组成为:稻草秸秆和麸皮的混合比例为4:1,最佳氮源为2.5%(NH4)2SO4,最佳发酵时间120 h,培养温度35℃,接种量15%,pH 5.0,培养基含水率50%.在此条件下,该菌株产纤维素酶系中羧甲基纤维素酶(Cx)酶活力达4700 U/mL,葡聚糖外切酶(Cb)酶活力达3440 U/mL,葡萄糖内切酶(C1)酶活力达到1620 U/mL,滤纸酶(FPA)酶活力达到1935 U/mL. 相似文献
8.
山羊瘤胃内容物菌群中分离得到的一株产纤维素酶菌株T15,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS法)进行优化。对菌株培养基成分碳源、氮源和金属离子进行优化时发现,6 g/L的葡萄糖为碳源和5 g/L的牛肉膏为氮源时,产生酶活力达到最高。培养基中添加0.03 mol/L的Ca~(2+),对菌株产生纤维素酶有促进作用。在最优发酵培养基成分为基础,对菌株T15的发酵培养温度、培养时间、培养pH条件和接种量等四因素、三水平进行正交试验,该菌株的产纤维素酶最优发酵条件:以9 mL为接种量,培养基pH值7,培养温度35℃和培养时间40 h,其产生酶活力达到26.76 U/mL;其中培养时间、接种量、培养温度、和培养基酸碱条件对菌株发酵产纤维素酶影响依次增大。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2020,(2)
研究旨在对类芽孢杆菌SD-29产木聚糖酶的发酵条件进行优化,获取最佳发酵条件。以类芽孢杆菌SD-29为出发菌株,对其所产木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行分析,通过单因素试验对培养基中的碳源、氮源、金属离子以及初始p H值、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间进行优化。结果发现,最佳发酵条件为麦芽糖15 g/L、牛肉膏2.5 g/L、NaNO_3 2 g/L、KCl 0.5 g/L、Ca Cl_2 0.3 g/L,初始pH值为7,以2%的接种量接种,30℃、200 r/min培养18 h后,测得发酵上清液酶活为0.663 U/m L,与初始酶活0.144 U/m L相比,扩大了3.6倍。通过单因素试验优化类芽孢杆菌SD-29产酶发酵条件,木聚糖酶活力得到提高,该研究为后续木聚糖酶的性质研究和异源表达奠定基础。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献