维生素A添加水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清和肝脏维生素A含量及抗氧化能力的影响     

洪平  蒋宗勇  蒋守群  周桂莲  林映才  郑春田 《动物营养学报》2012,24(11):2110-2117

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清和肝脏维生素A含量及抗氧化能力的影响。选用22日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 440只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只。各处理维生素A添加水平分别为0(对照组)、750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg。试鸡自由采食与饮水,饲养21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A显著提高试鸡42日龄体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),并显著降低料重比(P<0.05),添加维生素A 1 500、3 000 IU/kg显著提高试鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)随维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血清、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组血清和肝脏维生素A含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000、6 000 IU/kg组血清维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 6 000 IU/kg组肝脏维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000 IU/kg可显著提高试鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P<0.05),添加维生素A可显著提高肝脏GSH-Px活力(P<0.05);添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg可显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000 IU/kg可显著降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加维生素A 3 000～6 000 IU/kg能维持血清维生素A含量稳定,提高机体抗氧化能力,从而促进22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长。  相似文献   

维生素A、E对肉鸡骨骼钙、磷代谢的影响     

孙建萍  闫素梅  陈艳君  郭晓宇  史彬林  解新霞  郑颖辉 《饲料工业》2012,33(1):38-42

试验选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡384只称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只,试验期为6周,采用4×4(VA×VE)完全随机试验设计,研究了日粮中添加不同水平维生素A(1 500、3 000、15 000和45 000 IU/kg)和维生素E(5、15、150和1 500 IU/kg)对肉鸡骨骼钙磷代谢的影响。结果表明,随日粮维生素A水平的增加,肉鸡的胫骨钙浓度呈显著一次线性降低(P<0.05),血清AKP活性与胫骨磷浓度呈一次线性降低趋势(P<0.10),而且45 000 IU/kg维生素A组的肉鸡血清AKP活性、胫骨的灰分与钙含量均显著降低(P<0.05),胫骨矿化度趋于降低(P<0.10)1;5 000 IU/kg维生素A组的上述各项指标均呈不同程度地降低。随日粮维生素E水平增加,血清钙含量与胫骨矿化度呈显著一次线性增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量呈显著的一元二次增加(P<0.05);而且1 500 IU/kg维生素E组的肉鸡胫骨矿化度有显著的增加趋势(P<0.10)。日粮维生素A水平在1 500～45 000 IU/kg范围内,维生素E水平在5～1 500 IU/kg范围内,维生素A、E在肉鸡的钙、磷代谢方面均无明显的互作效应存在。过量的维生素A对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的负面影响,日粮维生素A水平为45 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A过量;日粮维生素A水平为15 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A临界过量。日粮中添加较高剂量的维生素E(1 500 IU/kg),可引起肉鸡骨骼强度呈增加趋势,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢有一定的促进效果。  相似文献   

维生素 A对罗斯308×海兰褐肉杂鸡生长性能、钙磷代谢和免疫功能的影响     

董以雷  井庆川  刘雪兰  伏春燕  张燕  魏祥法  阎佩佩  石天虹 《动物营养学报》2019,31(2)

本试验研究了维生素A对肉杂鸡生长性能、钙磷代谢和免疫功能的影响,旨在为肉杂鸡饲粮中合理添加维生素A提供依据。选取1日龄罗斯308×海兰褐肉杂鸡720只,随机分为6组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只),分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加1 000、2 000、6 000、10 000、14 000和18 000 IU/kg维生素A的饲粮,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)18 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组肉杂鸡21日龄体重显著高于1 000、2 000和6 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组(P0.05),与10 000和14 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组差异不显著(P0.05),并且14和21日龄肉杂鸡体重及1～21日龄耗料量与饲粮维生素A添加量呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。各组肉杂鸡22～42日龄耗料量和料重比、42日龄体重和1～42日龄存活率无显著差异(P0.05)。2) 21和42日龄肉杂鸡肝脏、脾脏和法氏囊指数组间无显著差异(P0.05)。6 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组肉杂鸡21和42日龄血清新城疫抗体效价显著高于1 000和2 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组(P0.05),并且血清新城疫抗体与饲粮维生素A添加量有显著二次曲线回归关系(P0.05),维生素A添加量为12 000 IU/kg时效价最高。肉杂鸡血清禽流感H9抗体效价随饲粮维生素A添加量的增加有增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10),血清法氏囊病毒抗体效价则没有显著变化(P0.05)。3)各组肉杂鸡21和42日龄血清钙、磷含量、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和胫骨灰分含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,提高饲粮维生素A水平一定程度上可提高肉杂鸡血清新城疫和禽流感H9抗体效价以及21日龄生长性能,但对肉杂鸡骨骼代谢和42日龄生长性能没有显著影响。综合考虑各项指标,认为1～21日龄和22～42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中分别添加6 000和1 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉杂鸡获得良好的生长性能、免疫状况和骨骼发育的需要。  相似文献   

饲粮维生素A添加水平对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响     

洪平  蒋宗勇  蒋守群  周桂莲  郑春田  林映才 《动物营养学报》2013,(2):415-426

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和肉品质的影响。选用43日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其维生素A含量为208 IU/kg,处理2、3、4、5、6为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别添加750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A,其他营养成分各处理基本一致。试鸡自由采食与饮水。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A均显著提高了试鸡63日龄体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着饲粮维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血浆、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组血清维生素A含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),添加6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而添加12 000 IU/kg维生素A组又显著高于添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡血清、肝脏和胸肌总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加750～6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min胸肌肉色亮度(L*)值(P<0.05),添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色红度(a*)值和pH(P<0.05),添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min、24 h胸肌失水率(P<0.05),添加1 500～12 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡胸肌剪切力值(P<0.05),而对宰后24 h胸肌肉色L*值及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色黄度(b*)值无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑可知,饲粮分别添加1 500、3 000 IU/kg和3 000～6 000 IU/kg维生素A,试鸡可获得较好的生长性能、抗氧化能力和肉品质,加上基础饲粮中的维生素A含量208 IU/kg,则相应的饲粮维生素A适宜水平分别为1 908、3 208 IU/kg和3 208～6 208 IU/kg。  相似文献   

饲粮维生素A添加水平对7～12月龄梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标及初角茸生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张婷  王晓旭  王卓  李仁德  孙伟丽  鲍坤  钟伟  李光玉 《动物营养学报》2017,29(9)

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素A添加水平对7~12月龄梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标及初角茸生长的影响。选取40只7月龄平均体重为(39.64±4.10)kg的健康雄性梅花鹿,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只,分别饲喂在基础饲粮(含5 mg/kgβ-胡萝卜素)中添加0(对照组)、2 500、5 000和10 000IU/kg维生素A的试验饲粮。试验期从7月龄开始至12月龄结束。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素A添加水平对梅花鹿生长性能无显著性影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加2 500、5 000IU/kg维生素A显著提高梅花鹿血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),饲粮添加2 500、5 000、10 000IU/kg维生素A显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),饲粮维生素A添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、丙二醛(MDA)、睾酮(T)及雌二醇(E2)含量无显著性影响(P0.05)。3)5 000IU/kg维生素A添加组初角茸干茸重显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与其他2组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,适量添加维生素A能够增强7~12月龄梅花鹿免疫和抗氧化功能,提高初角茸干茸重。7~12月龄梅花鹿饲喂以玉米和苜蓿草粉为主的饲粮时,饲粮维生素A适宜添加水平为2 500~5 000IU/kg。  相似文献   

维生素A对鹅生长性能及血清生化指标的影响     

孙淑洁  王宝维  葛文华  张名爱  李文立 《动物营养学报》2012,(1):78-84

本试验旨在研究不同水平维生素A对青农灰鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及组织中维生素A含量的影响。选用1日龄青农灰鹅200只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鹅。各组在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中分别添加0、1 500、3 000、6 000和12 000 IU/kg的维生素A。试验期12周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A能显著提高1～4、5～12周龄青农灰鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),降低死淘率,但对料重比影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)4周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了血清尿酸含量(P<0.05),添加3 000和6 000 IU/kg维生素A极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但对血清总蛋白、血糖和尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05);12周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低血清血糖和尿酸含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但不同水平维生素A对血清总蛋白、尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着饲粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,血清及肝脏中维生素A含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。由此可见,本试验条件下,以生长性能作为衡量标准,1～4周龄青农灰鹅饲粮维生素A适宜添加水平为8 000 IU/kg,5～12周龄为9 000 IU/kg;以血清生化指标作为衡量标准,1～4、5～12周龄维生素A添加水平均以6 000 IU/kg为宜。  相似文献   

混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡生产性能、肠道发育、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响     

刘筱影  马春来  尹振晨  秦凯龙  黄新活  杨小军 《动物营养学报》2023,(3):1561-1571

本试验旨在研究混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡生产性能、肠道形态、免疫器官指数、血清免疫球蛋白水平与抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取630羽1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡，随机分为6组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组(CV-100组)在基础饲粮中添加普通维生素A、D、E(1～21日龄：维生素A 9 750 IU/kg，维生素D₃ 3 750 IU/kg，维生素E 18 IU/kg;22～42日龄：维生素A 7 800 IU/kg，维生素D₃ 3 000 IU/kg，维生素E 14 IU/kg)，试验组在基础饲粮中添加混合纳米维生素A、D、E，添加量分别为对照组添加量的100%(NV-100组)、90%(NV-90组)、80%(NV-80组)、70%(NV-70组)和60%(NV-60组)，试验期共42 d。结果表明：饲粮中添加60%～90%普通维生素A、D、E添加量的混合纳米维生素A、D、E对肉鸡的体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比以及免疫器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)，但显著提高了肉鸡的全净膛率(P<0.05)。NV-80...  相似文献   

饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响     

曲浩杰  李新新  章明权  王鑫  白鹏  孔富丽  杨在宾 《动物营养学报》2020,(4):1666-1674

本试验旨在研究饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重一致的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡500只,随机分成5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加500、1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21和42日龄肉鸡平均体重呈二次曲线升高(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,42日龄肉鸡半净膛率和全净膛率呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡腿肌率呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),42日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物和粗脂肪含量均呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡肝脏总胆固醇含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡肝脏甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低了21和42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),饲粮添加2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低21和42日龄肉鸡血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡血清低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量呈线性降低(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加卵磷脂能够提高肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能,调节肝脏和血清脂质代谢,降低血清尿素氮含量。以肉鸡平均体重为判断指标,推荐1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸡基础饲粮中卵磷脂添加水平分别为952和1246 mg/kg。  相似文献   

维生素A、D对肉鸡钙磷代谢相关激素水平的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹平  孙建萍  闫素梅  方丽惠  史彬林  郭晓宇  付果花 《饲料工业》2012,33(5):14-19

试验旨在研究维生素A、D对肉鸡钙磷代谢相关激素水平的影响。采用4×4完全随机试验设计,将8日龄健康艾维茵雄性肉鸡384只称重后随机分为16个处理组。每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期5周。其中,维生素A设4个添加水平,分别为1 500、3 000、15 000和45 000 IU/kg日粮。维生素D设4个添加水平,分别为500、1 250、2 500和5 000 IU/kg日粮。结果表明,45 000 IU/kg维生素A组的肉鸡血清BGP含量相对于1 500 IU/kg维生素A组有显著的降低趋势(P=0.08);随着日粮维生素A水平的增加(1 500～45 000 IU/kg),血清CaBP浓度呈趋于显著的一次线性降低趋势(P=0.092),血清维生素D3与CT含量也呈现降低趋势(P=0.12,P=0.18),其中,以15 000、45 000 IU/kg维生素A组较低,尤以45 000 IU/kg维生素A组最低;血清PTH含量呈显著的一次线性增加(P=0.029)。随着日粮维生素D水平的增加,血清维生素D3含量呈趋于显著的一次线性增加趋势(P=0.093),血清BGP浓度也呈一次线性增加趋势(P=0.14);其中,以2 500和5 000 IU/kg时较高,5 000 IU/kg时最高。由此可知,日粮维生素A过量引起肉鸡骨骼钙磷代谢发生障碍与血清CaBP浓度的降低及PTH浓度的增加有关,也与过量维生素A对维生素D的拮抗作用有关。  相似文献   

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD     

郑爱娟  吴正可  PIRZADO Shoaib Ahmed  蔡辉益  陈志敏  常文环  邓雪娟  刘国华 《动物营养学报》2019,(12):5519-5525

本试验通过在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌,研究其对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择1日龄180只健康爱拔益加肉鸡,随机分为3个组,分别为无抗对照组、抗生素组和丁酸梭菌组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。无抗对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素、75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg吉他霉素,丁酸梭菌组在基础饲粮中添加2.5×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌未显著影响肉鸡21日龄和42日龄体重、1~21日龄平均日增重和料重比(P>0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡平均日采食量(P<0.01)。2)与无抗对照组和抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。3)与无抗对照组或抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清氨含量(P<0.01),显著降低了21日龄肉鸡血清尿酸含量(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著改变了肉鸡脂类代谢,提高了血清中蛋白质含量,降低了蛋白质代谢废物含量。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the safety of daily administration of capromorelin in cats          下载免费PDF全文

J. A. Wofford  B. Zollers  L. Rhodes  M. Bell  E. Heinen 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):324-333

Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.  相似文献   

不同青贮玉米品种抗病性评价     

刘勇  周俗  刘丽  陈莉敏  张玉  刘刚  道里刚  肖冰雪  史长光  李远忠  李世洪 《草原与草坪》2019,39(2):91-95

对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Oxygen-dependent Immunodefences of the Polymorphonuclear Cells of Some Tropical Ruminants     

Sahoo G  More T  Singh VK 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(8):505-515

Activation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) leads to the formation of superoxide, which is in turn dismutated to H₂O₂ by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and is partly responsible for oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. However, no comparative information is available on the effect of SOD inhibition before PMN activation to allow simulation of the SOD defects that are known to occur in some ruminants. This paper attempts to examine the degranulative and phagocytic responses in buffalo, cattle and goat PMNs exposed to diethyldithiocarbamate, a known SOD inhibitor. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase was increased in the presence of SOD inhibitor. On activation, H₂O₂ production increased significantly (p<0.01), while SOD inhibition before the activation of PMNs caused a significant decline in the production of H₂O₂ (p<0.05) in all the species studied. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the phagocytosis of Candida albicans spores by buffalo PMNs activated with opsonized zymosan. Activation of bovine PMNs after exposure to the SOD inhibitor resulted in a significant decline (p<0.05) in phagocytic activity; in the other species, the two values only approached significance. Among the activators, opsonized zymosan caused a significant increase in phagocytic activity as compared to lipopolysaccharide, particularly in the PMNs of buffaloes (p<0.05). Increased fungicidal activity (p<0.05) occurred with opsonized zymosan-activated PMNs of all the species studied. The fungicidal activity was found to decline in PMNs exposed to SOD inhibitor before activation (p<0.05). Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of caprine PMNs was found to be lower than that of PMNs from cattle (p<0.05).  相似文献   

Effect of dietary stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen on the extent of their incorporation into tissues of rats     

W Lv  T Ju  B Dong  B Yu  J Yin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2012,3(1):14-8

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of ¹³ C to ¹² C or ¹⁵ N to ¹⁴ N on their relative incorporation into tissues. Eighty male rats were used in two 21-day feeding trials in which they were fed diets with either high δ¹³C levels (δ¹³C = −13.89‰ and δ¹⁵N = 2.37‰ in experiment 1 and δ¹³C = −19.34‰ and δ¹⁵N = 4.73‰ in experiment 2) or low δ¹³C levels (δ¹³C = −17.90‰ and δ¹⁵N = 3.08‰ in experiment 1 and δ¹³C = −21.76‰ and δ¹⁵N = 0.53‰ in experiment 2), meanwhile, the dietary δ¹⁵N levels were designed to two ranks. Blood, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were collected on day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for determination of ¹³ C, ¹² C, ¹⁵ N and ¹⁴ N isotopes. Rat growth rate, antioxidant capacity and metabolic parameters were also assessed. The results indicate that adipose tissue tend to deplete ¹³ C before the stable isotopic ratios achieved final equilibrium. Therefore, feeds with different isotopic signatures had different incorporation rates into tissues. Low dietary ¹³ C levels decreased tissue δ¹³C values whereas high dietary ¹³ C levels did not alter tissue δ¹³C values during the 21-d experiment. Blood δ¹⁵N values were a reliable parameter in assessing the relative contribution of dietary nitrogen to tissues. This study revealed a relationship between dietary isotopic signatures and their incorporation rates into rat tissues. However, more studies are needed to illustrate the mechanism through which dietary isotopic ratios influence the extent of isotopic incorporation into the tissues.  相似文献   

Lack of postexposure analgesic efficacy of low concentrations of eugenol in zebrafish     

Bernardo Baldisserotto  Thaylise V. Parodi  E Don Stevens 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):48-56

Objective

To test the postexposure analgesic efficacy of low doses of eugenol in zebrafish.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

A total of 76 large adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Methods

Fish swimming behavior (median velocity, freeze time, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction) was recorded in a 1.6 L video arena before and after exposure to eugenol (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg L^?1). In a second experiment, fish were anesthetized with 2-phenoxy-ethanol and treated with an injection of 5% acetic acid (noxious stimulus), and then exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg L^?1 eugenol. The fish swimming behavior was also recorded.

Results

The higher doses (10 and 20 mg L^?1) reduced the median velocity, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction, and increased the freeze time. Zebrafish behavior was not altered by eugenol (1, 2 and 5 mg L^?1) after noxious stimulation.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The change in the behavior of zebrafish associated with a noxious stimulus can be monitored and is a good model for studying analgesia in fish. Eugenol (10 and 20 mg L^?1) induced zebrafish sedation. The response after a noxious stimulus was not affected by postexposure to lower doses, and thus we cannot recommend its use as an analgesic.  相似文献   

氮对千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导的影响     

张宵娟  邓光华  喻苏琴  康文娟  顾红梅  邹娜 《草业学报》2015,24(1):56-63

本文以千日红组培苗为试验材料,研究培养基中氮形态及含量对千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导的影响。结果表明,1)相对于铵态氮(NH₄⁺),硝态氮(No₃^-)作为唯一氮源更有利于千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导,但千日红在NH₄⁺和NO₃^-同时存在的培养基中表现最佳。2)在20 mmol/LNH₄⁺(NO₃^-)和5 mg/L PP₃₃₃存在的条件下,试管苗生长基本随着培养基中NO₃^-(NH₄⁺)含量的增加而增加,并在含40 mmol/L NO₃^-+20 mmol/L NH₄⁺(即MS培养基中氮含量)的培养基中株高达到最大值5.91 cm;而叶片数和开花率则随着培养基中NH₄⁺和NO₃^-含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,并在20 mmol/L NO₃^-+5 mmol/LNH₄⁺培养基中达到最大值,分别为10.7片/株和38.89%。3)氮含量及形态配比结果表明,千日红试管苗开花率在培养基中氮总量为5 mmol/L、NO₃^-/NH₄⁺为4/1时达到最大值39.95%,而株高和叶片数在氮总量为35 mmol/L,NO₃^-/NH₄⁺为4/1时达到最大值8.52 cm和13.38片/株。千日红试管苗开花率与培养基中NO₃^-/NH₄⁺显著正相关,而与氮总量及株高之间显著负相关。此外,培养基中氮含量及形态配比还显著影响无菌苗根系生长。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of three formulations of vitacoxib in horses     

Jianzhong Wang  Jicheng Qiu  Hongzhi Xiao  Xiaohui Gong  Pan Sun  Jing Li  Suxia Zhang  Xingyuan Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(4):364-368

The pharmacokinetic properties of three formulations of vitacoxib were investigated in horses. To describe plasma concentrations and characterize the pharmacokinetics, 6 healthy adult Chinese Mongolian horses were administered a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight intravenous (i.v.), oral paste, or oral tablet vitacoxib in a 3-way, randomized, parallel design. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various times up to 72 hr postadministration. Plasma vitacoxib concentrations were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. No complications resulting from the vitacoxib administration were noted on subsequent administrations, and all procedures were tolerated well by the horses throughout the study. The elimination half-life (T_1/2λz) was 4.24 ± 1.98 hr (i.v.), 8.77 ± 0.91 hr (oral paste), and 8.12 ± 4.24 hr (oral tablet), respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C_max) was 28.61 ± 9.29 ng/ml (oral paste) and 19.64 ± 9.26 ng/ml (oral tablet), respectively. Area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC_last) was 336 ± 229 ng hr/ml (i.v.), 221 ± 94 ng hr/ml (oral paste), and 203 ± 139 ng hr/ml, respectively. The results showed statistically significant differences between the 2 oral vitacoxib groups in T_max value. T_1/2λz (hr), AUC_last (ng hr/ml), and MRT (hr) were significantly different between i.v. and oral groups. The longer half-life observed following oral administration was consistent with the flip-flop phenomenon.  相似文献   

Determination of optimal dietary selenium levels by full expression of selenoproteins in various tissues of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age     

Xiudong Liao  Guoqing Liu  Guangming Sun  Xiaoming Sun  Tao Liu  Lin Lu  Liyang Zhang  Minhong Zhang  Yanli Guo  Xugang Luo 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1133-1144

The current NRC dietary selenium (Se) requirement (0.15 mg/kg) of broilers is primarily based on growth performance data reported in 1986. Our study aimed to determine optimal dietary Se levels of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet for the full expression of selenoproteins in various tissues. A total of 384 one-d-old male broilers (n = 8 replicates/diet) were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of Na₂SeO₃ for 21 d. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the optimal dietary Se levels using broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas, iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) in the plasma, liver and pancreas, and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) in the liver and pancreas, the mRNA levels of Gpx1, Gpx4, Dio1, selenoprotein (Seleno) h, Selenop and Selenou in the liver, Gpx4, Dio1, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Selenoh, Selenop and Selenou in the kidney, and Gpx1, Gpx4, Selenoh and Selenou in the pancreas, and the protein levels of GPX4 in the liver and kidney of broilers were influenced (P < 0.05) by added Se levels, and increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increase of added Se levels. The estimates of optimal dietary Se levels were 0.07 to 0.36 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.09 to 0.46 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the pancreas. The results indicate that the optimal dietary Se levels would be 0.36 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.46 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the pancreas of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age.  相似文献   

Influence of fibre and betaine on development of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers between hatch and 14 d of age     

《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(2):163-173

An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the trial. On d 4, 9 and 14, 5 birds per cage (10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced (P < 0.05) as birds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum (P < 0.05) at around d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus (P < 0.05) than birds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased (P < 0.05) at 4 d of age, and this was associated with fused villus. Betaine inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) villus width, increased (P < 0.05) villus size and absorptive area, and reduced (P < 0.05) the number of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody Ki-67. Betaine inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption and consequently stimulating villus growth to improve absorption rates.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of immature oocytes of the indigeneous Vietnamese Ban Pig     

Tamas Somfai  Van Khanh Nguyen  Huong Thu Thi Vu  Huong Le Thi Nguyen  Huu Xuan Quan  Nguyen Viet Linh  Son Le Phan  Lan Doan Pham  Ngo Thi Kim Cuc  Kazuhiro Kikuchi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(7):840-848

We report the cryopreservation of oocytes from Ban miniature pigs which are endemic in Vietnam. Immature cumulus‐oocyte complexes were collected from antral follicles of 7–8 mo old female cyclic Ban pigs and vitrified in micro‐drops. Oocyte morphology, lipid content, post‐warming survival, nuclear maturation, and embryo development were compared to those of oocytes from commercially slaughtered Landrace × Large white hybrid pigs. The size of oocytes in the two breeds was similar. However, significantly lower amounts of intracellular lipid were detected in Ban oocytes. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes in percentages of post‐warming survival (93.1 ± 3.4% vs. 70.7 ± 16.7%, respectively) and nuclear maturation after in vitro maturation (80.4 ± 5.1% vs. 90.0 ± 1.3% respectively). Similarly, cleavage (30.8 ± 7.8% vs. 10.3 ± 6.1%, respectively) and blastocyst development rates (9.4 ± 5.0% vs. 0.79 ± 0.79, respectively) were not different (p > 0.05) between vitrified Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes after in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. In conclusion, high survival and maturation rates were achieved after vitrification of immature Ban oocytes and their cryo‐tolerance was similar to that of Landrace × Large white oocytes, despite the difference in lipid content. We succeeded to generate reasonable rates of blastocysts from vitrified Ban oocytes by in vitro fertilization.  相似文献