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根据2012年9月南海北部龙头鱼刺网的生产调查资料和现场取样数据,结合数理统计方法分析了龙头鱼的体长、体重组成分布等生物学特征.结果表明:龙头鱼体长组成基本呈现正态分布,优势体长组为200 ～210 mm和210 ～220mm;体重组成没有明显的变化趋势,优势体重组为75 ～ 100 g;体长与体重的关系为W=0.000 7 L2.2026.本文还对该刺网的捕捞性能进行了初步研究,得出该网捕获的龙头鱼体长范围为166 ～252 mm,最适体长为210 mm,并由此计算出龙头鱼刺网的最适网目尺寸和最小网目尺寸分别为36 mm和33 mm.笔者经综合考虑各相关因素后建议龙头鱼刺网的网目尺寸应在最适网目尺寸的基础上适当地增大,并希望尽快制定南海区龙头鱼的开捕规格,以促进南海资源的可持续发展. 相似文献
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基于SELECT模型的南海金线鱼刺网选择性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究流刺网网目尺寸对金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)的选择性,2008年5月于南海北部渔场用网目尺寸分别为40 mm、45 mm、50 mm、55 mm和60 mm的刺网进行了共同捕捞试验。在SELECT(Share Each LEngthclass's Catch Total)模型的架构下,用Normal、Gama和Bi-normal概率模型拟合刺网对金线鱼的选择性,根据赤池信息指数(Akaike's Information Criterion,AIC)值评价并选出最佳拟合模型。结果表明,试验共捕获金线鱼185尾,金线鱼众数体长随网目尺寸的增加而增大;Gama的估计分隔模型AIC值在所有模型中最小(466.55),将其作为最佳拟合模型;刺网对金线鱼的相对作业强度(Pi)大小顺序依次为40 mm60 mm55 mm45 mm50mm;40 mm、45 mm、50 mm、55 mm和60 mm刺网对体长150 mm金线鱼的选择率分别为98.39%、80.94%、39.30%、13.70%和3.87%。该研究认为将50 mm作为金线鱼刺网的最小网目尺寸不足以达到保护渔业资源的目的,建议将南海区金线鱼刺网最小网目尺寸增加到55 mm。 相似文献
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蓝点马鲛大网目流刺网的选择性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为系统研究蓝点马鲛流刺网的网目选择性,2013年4—5月进行了110、115、120和125mm 4种网目尺寸的渔获对比实验,采用选择性模型曲线法和鱼体型态系数法对网目选择性进行研究。结果表明,实验渔具具有很好的选择性,渔获优势种为蓝点马鲛和许氏平鲉,IRI值分别为18 626.8和2 740.1;选择性拟合效果以Gamma模型最好;鱼体型态系数法得出的目脚长度与叉长和体质量关系式分别为α=0.092 7l、α=4.59W1/3;模型法和鱼体型态系数法推算的主捕3~4龄蓝点马鲛最佳网目尺寸分别为120.4和121.5 mm;目脚长度与最大横剖面的关系式为α=0.224S-5.37,以此得出的最佳网目尺寸为121.5 mm。以蓝点马鲛渔获群体的叉长和体质量历史数据,计算了捕捞各龄群体所对应的最适网目尺寸,供渔业生产参考。 相似文献
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东黄海区银鲳流刺网网目尺寸选择性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对90 mm、100 mm、110 mm和120 mm四种网目尺寸的银鲳流刺网进行选择性试验,利用Nomal、Lognomal、Gamma和Bi-nomal模型,进行银鲳渔获数据拟合,采用极大似然法估算模型参数。结果表明:(1)银鲳流刺网具有较好的捕捞对象和尺寸选择性;(2)银鲳流刺网网目尺寸选择性最适表达曲线为Gamma曲线;(3)分别利用选择性曲线和体周两种方法,推算最适捕获银鲳叉长与网目尺寸的线性关系,获得关系式为a=0.252 8L;(4)参照目前银鲳开捕叉长的最新研究结果,东黄海区银鲳流刺网最小网目尺寸标准建议调整为100 mm。 相似文献
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黄海区青岛近海双桩张网网囊网目选择性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
使用套网法对黄海区青岛近海主要捕捞对象中的鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)和兼捕对象白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)进行数据分析,使用Logistic曲线作为其选择性曲线模型,求得不同网目尺寸网囊对鹰爪虾和白姑鱼的体长选择性曲线,并运用极大似然估计法进行曲线参数估算,对桩张网渔具不同网目尺寸的网囊选择性进行分析.结果表明:试验网囊网目尺寸为30 mm、33 mm、40 mm时,鹰爪虾的50%选择体长L50分别为5.309 cm、5.778 cm、6.972 cm,其选择范围(SR)分别为1.091 cm、1.290 cm、1.571 cm;白姑鱼的50%选择体长L50分别为6.581 cm、6.908 cm、7.441 cm,其SR值为1.934 cm、2.144 cm、2.322 cm.随着桩张网网囊网目尺寸的增大,鹰爪虾和白姑鱼的L50随之增大,SR值也逐渐增大.针对鹰爪虾来说,33 mm规格网囊的选择性能比30 mm 和 40 mm的要好.本研究选择该海区的主要捕捞对象鹰爪虾以及兼捕量较大的白姑鱼为研究对象,旨在为合理确定适合黄海区的张网最小网日尺寸提供科学依据,以保证黄海区渔业资源的可持续利用. 相似文献
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为研究单片刺网对黄鲷的选择性,制定合理的网目尺寸,于2015年4月在东海海域进行刺网选择性试验,通过设计3种网目尺寸(50 mm、60 mm、70 mm)的单片刺网,比较其对黄鲷的选择性条件,应用Normal、Lognormal和Gamma 3种选择性曲线进行拟合,采用极大似然法估算模型参数。结果表明:(1)本次捕获的黄鲷叉长分布为116~171 mm,平均叉长139 mm;(2)单片刺网的网目尺寸对黄鲷叉长选择性明显,且叉长随着网目尺寸的增加而增大;(3)通过AIC值、模型值与实测值的比较得出,单片刺网对黄鲷的选择性运用Lognormal模型效果最佳;(4)根据东海区主要经济鱼类的开捕规格,单片刺网对黄鲷的最小网目尺寸为72 mm。 相似文献
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南海区金线鱼刺网网目选择性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为科学制订南中国海区金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)刺网最小网目尺寸标准,2008年5月在南海北部进行了5种网目(40mm、45mm、50mm、55mm、60mm)刺网联合捕鱼实验,渔获种类合计达72种,其中5种网目刺网均有捕获的仅13种.根据刺网渔获的种类、数量和生物量,利用研究生物群落的多样性指数、相似性指数和ABC曲线方法,研究了金线鱼刺网的种问选择性,探讨了不同网目刺网作业对渔业资源的影响.结果表明,不同网目实验刺网的渔获组成存在明显差异,随着网目尺寸的缩小,渔获种类和数量呈上升趋势,渔获平均体质量则呈下降趋势.多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、长尾大眼鲷(Priacanthus tayenus)、金线鱼、带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)和花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)为主要渔获种类,其渔获生物量分别占总渔获量的21.35%、15.76%、14.78%、8.43%、7.20%,40 mm和45 mm刺网中多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻的渔获比例较高,50mm、55 mm和60 mm刺网中长尾大眼鲷、金线鱼和带鱼的渔获比例较高.根据ABC曲线计算的40 mm、45 mm、50 mm、55 mm和60 mm 5种网目刺网W统计值分别为-0.023、-0.012、0.039、0.083和0.073.40mm和45mm刺网对渔获生物群落的干扰较大.南海区金线鱼刺网最小网目尺寸标准的制订应综合考虑金线鱼、带鱼、长尾大眼鲷这3种主捕经济种类的尺寸选择性和最小可捕标准,同时注意网线粗度对捕捞能力的影响. 相似文献
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《中国水产科学》2010,(5)
为科学制订南中国海区金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)刺网最小网目尺寸标准,2008年5月在南海北部进行了5种网目(40mm、45mm、50mm、55mm、60mm)刺网联合捕鱼实验,渔获种类合计达72种,其中5种网目刺网均有捕获的仅13种。根据刺网渔获的种类、数量和生物量,利用研究生物群落的多样性指数、相似性指数和ABC曲线方法,研究了金线鱼刺网的种间选择性,探讨了不同网目刺网作业对渔业资源的影响。结果表明,不同网目实验刺网的渔获组成存在明显差异,随着网目尺寸的缩小,渔获种类和数量呈上升趋势,渔获平均体质量则呈下降趋势。多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、长尾大眼鲷(Priacanthus tayenus)、金线鱼、带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)和花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)为主要渔获种类,其渔获生物量分别占总渔获量的21.35%、15.76%、14.78%、8.43%、7.20%,40mm和45mm刺网中多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻的渔获比例较高,50mm、55mm和60mm刺网中长尾大眼鲷、金线鱼和带鱼的渔获比例较高。根据ABC曲线计算的40mm、45mm、50mm、55mm和60mm5种网目刺网W统计值分别为-0.023、-0.012、0.039、0.083和0.073。40mm和45mm刺网对渔获生物群落的干扰较大。南海区金线鱼刺网最小网目尺寸标准的制订应综合考虑金线鱼、带鱼、长尾大眼鲷这3种主捕经济种类的尺寸选择性和最小可捕标准,同时注意网线粗度对捕捞能力的影响。 相似文献
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大网目拖网是我国海洋渔业捕捞带鱼的重要渔具。为提高拖网网囊选择性, 本研究在南海区采用套网法对双船大网目拖网 4 组网目尺寸(30、35、40 和 45 mm)的网囊进行实验, 在双重拔靴法的架构下, 拟合选择性参数、比较选择性的差异、估算捕捞方式指标。结果表明, 随着网目尺寸的增大, 网囊对带鱼的 50%选择体长增大, 对带鱼幼鱼个体的选择率显著下降, 带鱼幼鱼的渔获比例也呈下降趋势。结合带鱼最小可捕规格(23.0 cm)管理规定, 结果还表明网目尺寸为 40 mm 的网囊选择性较差, 其对带鱼的抛弃率大于 93%。为了进一步提高带鱼拖网渔业的资源养护水平, 还需要开展更多的选择性实验。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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