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植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
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体细胞胚胎发生作为生物技术在林木育种、繁殖和保护策略中得到了广泛应用。DNA甲基化在林木体细胞胚胎发生过程中起着至关重要的作用,它是一种与转录沉默相关的表观遗传修饰,是控制基因表达的关键因素。开展基于DNA甲基化的林木体细胞胚胎发生研究对于调控体胚发生、林木改良和种质资源建设等具有重要意义。文中从林木体胚发生过程中的DNA甲基化水平与模式变化情况、DNA甲基化与体胚影响因素之间的关联、去甲基化剂（5-氮杂胞苷）如何调控林木体胚发育及DNA甲基化如何调控相关基因转录、基因表达等方面进行综述,对目前研究中存在的问题进行分析,并展望了未来的研究内容和方向。 相似文献
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正DNA甲基化是植物基因组中普遍存在的一种的重要表观遗传学机制,对植物生长发育及进化起着重要的调节作用[1-2]。植物体DNA甲基化的建立和维持受多个基因的协同调控,其中MET1(DN-MT1-like METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 gene)是在植物中最早分离出来的甲基化相关基因,编码DNA甲基化转移酶1(MET1,Methytransferase1),该酶主要负责保持CG位点的甲基化,通过DNA甲基化作用影 相似文献
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《绿色科技》2018,(22)
分析了黄萎病胁迫下的陆地棉与对照组之间甲基化水平的变化和甲基化模式的改变,进而探讨了棉花抗黄萎病胁迫的分子机理。将毛细管电泳的甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析法运用于陆地棉的DNA甲基化水平分析中,通过DNA甲基化序列的克隆分析寻找了棉花抗黄萎病相关基因。结果表明:陆地棉在黄萎病胁迫后DNA甲基化变化没有显著差异。通过克隆测序发现,逆转录因子基因、肌动蛋白解聚因子基因、Gorge3逆转录酶基因、赤霉素20-氧化酶基因、Transducin/WD40重复亚族蛋白基因以及泛素蛋白连接酶基因对棉花黄萎病抗性起重要作用。陆地棉的基因组甲基化水平在黄萎病胁迫下没有显著差异。陆地棉发生甲基化的相关基因,可能对黄萎病抗性机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2019,(6)
[目的]太白杨是松杨栅锈菌的天然寄主,DNA甲基化有可能改变太白杨抗锈性表观遗传特征,从而为揭示杨树抗锈病机理和抗病品种选育提供理论依据。[方法]通过不同浓度甲基磺酸甲醛(MMS)处理太白杨1年生幼苗和人工接种相同浓度的夏孢子悬液,统计各处理条件下,松杨栅锈菌潜育期和发病期夏孢子密度、植株的死亡率、叶片黑斑率、叶卷曲率等表观性状,分析甲基化处理对太白杨抗锈性影响;同时,采用分光光度法测量各处理在病程不同时期太白杨SOD、POD、CAT、PPO等防御酶活性,分析甲基化处理对太白杨生理的影响。[结果]叶片卷曲或叶边缘内收率、叶片黑斑率、植株死亡率与MMS浓度具有正相关性,但MMS同时对长势较好的植株也起到了炼苗的效果,经MMS处理后叶片颜色加深、革质增强。MMS处理能改变太白杨对松杨栅锈菌的抗性,病菌潜育期较对照延长1■2天,夏孢子堆密度随MMS浓度显著降低,寄主太白杨防御酶活性发生相应改变。MMS诱导杨树生长情况下,SOD与POD较对照组总体趋于下调、CAT与PPO较对照组总体趋于上调,且POD与PPO活性受MMS影响最大。接种锈菌后,在锈菌侵染过程中所测定的4种生物酶均出现先上升后下降的相对趋势,其中PPO与抗锈病能力具有显著的正相关关系(P=0.024)。[结论]甲基化处理可以提高太白杨的抗锈病能力的数量性状,通过延长病菌的潜育期、降低夏孢子堆密度和改变自身防御酶活性等特征,提高抗病能力。 相似文献
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分别用AFLP和MSAP分子标记技术,研究了毛泡桐二倍体及其同源四倍体幼苗DNA碱基序列及其甲基化的变化。结果表明,毛泡桐二倍体及其同源四倍体DNA碱基序列在AFLP水平上没有发生变化;在MSAP扩增电泳凝胶上,毛泡桐二倍体及其同源四倍体分别检测到2 262和2 180个扩增位点,DNA甲基化位点占总扩增位点的比例分别为35.32%和38.58%,其中DNA全甲基化比例则为12.86%和14.13%;毛泡桐同源四倍体DNA甲基化和去甲基化频率高于其二倍体,总DNA甲基化多态性低于二倍体。 相似文献
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甲基磺酸甲酯处理的豫杂一号泡桐丛枝病幼苗的生长及SSR分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DNA甲基化在基因表达、细胞分化以及系统发育中起着重要的调节作用(陆光远等,2005;Meyer et al.,1994;Ulian et al.,1996;Rossi et al.,1997).在植物生长发育过程中,DNA甲基化水平过高或过低,都会导致植物形态发生异常.DNA甲基化水平降低的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)出现了植株矮化、腋芽丛生和叶片变小等异常形态(Finnegan et al.,2000a;2000b). 相似文献
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《林业研究》2017,(4)
DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition,night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds.Real time q PCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants. 相似文献
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Shu Diao Yanbo Wang Changjun Ding Yingying Chang Lixiong Liang Yanan Gao Bingyu Zhang Xiaohua Su 《林业研究》2017,28(4):653-660
DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition, night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds. Real time qPCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,31(5)
DNA methylation is widespread in plants and associated with plant development and defense mechanisms. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and plant secondary metabolism has rarely been reported. Here, when birch suspension cells were treated with 5-azacytidine(5-azaC), which blocks DNA methylation, triterpenoid accumulation was significantly promoted and antioxidant and defense enzymatic activity changed.For studying triterpenoid accumulation, 0.1 m M aza C was optimal. A qRT-PCR assay revealed increased expression of genes encoding key triterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes.Evaluation of methylation polymorphisms at CCGG sites showed that the methylation level was lower in cells treated with 5-azaC. These results demonstrated that 5-aza C treatment led to an increase in the production of triterpenoids in cell cultures through a mechanism that involved in DNA methylation, which resulted in the induction of genes encoding the key enzymes. The study providesevidence of a relationship between DNA methylation and regulation of secondary metabolism. 相似文献
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In animals, DNA methylation is related to gene silencing during ontogenic development. Little is known about DNA methylation in plants, although occasional changes in the DNA methylation state of specific gene promoters have been reported in angiosperms during some developmental processes. We found large differences in the extent of DNA methylation between meristematic areas of juvenile and mature Pinus radiata D. Don. trees, whereas differences in the extent of DNA methylation between differentiated tissues of juvenile and mature trees were small. In meristematic areas, there was a gradual decrease in extent of DNA methylation as the degree of reinvigoration increased. The observed changes in extent of DNA methylation during aging and reinvigoration indicate that reinvigoration could be a consequence of epigenetic modifications opposite in direction to those that occur during aging. 相似文献
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Genomic DNA methylation was analyzed in Acacia mangium Willd. microshoots micropropagated in vitro from juvenile and mature explants, and in relation to leaf morphology of the microshoots, which is considered a phase change indicator. Based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, we found more DNA methylation in microshoots exhibiting juvenile leaf morphology (22.4%) than in microshoots of the mature phyllode morphological type (20.7%), irrespective of the age of the source material. Overall, the degree of DNA methylation in A. mangium microshoots was consistent with values reported for other angiosperms. Complementary investigations based on methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) techniques established that, of 1204 fragments revealed by the different primer pairs used, 49 (i.e., 4.08%) were derived from C(5m)CGG methylated sites. Three of these C(5m)CGG sites were exclusive to the juvenile plant material, and three sites were exclusive to the mature source. No fragments were associated specifically with leaf morphology, rather than with plant age. Thus, although the two age classes could not be distinguished based on a quantitative HPLC measure of DNA methylation, qualitative differences existed, as demonstrated by the six age-specific markers identified by MSAP. The reliability of the MSAP data was confirmed on a larger sample of juvenile plant material, which suggested that the total of six methylation markers detected is probably an underestimation of the age-related differences in DNA methylation that may exist between juvenile and mature plant materials. 相似文献
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Heterosis is the universal phenomena in nature,and its formation mechanism has been the focus of research.On this basis,a number of theoretical hypotheses have been proposed for the reason of heterosis,such as the dominance hypothesis,epistatic effect,gene regulation networks,etc.For the past years,many researchers have attempted to elaborate the mechanism of heterosis at physiological & biochemical level and molecular level.The results showed heterosis plants have a stronger photosynthetic capacity,relatively well-developed tissues and greater adaption and buffering ability to external environment.The heterosis is often more pronounced in relatively low light,low temperature and low CO2 concentration. In addition,genetic distance,differences in gene expression and DNA methylation are all closely related with heterosis.This study reviewed research results of forestry and agriculture,and discussed the future research direction of this field. 相似文献
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植物杂种优势机理研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杂种优势作为自然界的普遍现象, 其产生机理一直是人类研究的热点。在此基础上, 关于杂种优势的原因产生了众多理论假说, 诸如显性假说、上位效应、基因表达调控网络等。多年来, 众多科研工作者试图从生理生化水平和分子水平求解杂种优势产生的机理, 发现杂种优势植株光合能力强, 组织相对发达, 对外界环境变化的适应和缓冲能力较强; 杂种优势在相对弱光、低温、低CO2浓度条件下往往表现得更为明显; 此外, 遗传距离、基因表达差异、DNA甲基化等都与杂种优势关系密切。文中对农业和林业上的研究成果进行了综述和思考, 并对这一领域今后的研究方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
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利用同源序列克隆技术,分离了三倍体黑杨中4类(MET、CMT、DRM、DNMT2)8个特异甲基转移酶片段,其中,5个片段与二倍体同源性达到100%,3个片段发生了剪切变化。通过实时定量PCR技术检测8个甲基转移酶在不同倍性、不同部位、不同生长时期间表达模式的差异,通过对5个不同部位基因表达的检测,表明不同倍性黑杨在相同的部位可能由不同种类的甲基转移酶参与主要的甲基化调控。通过分析植株从分化早期的茎尖到分化晚期的叶和茎整个生长过程中基因表达的情况,发现随着时间的推移,MET家族 (PnD1和PnD2) 基因可能是拮抗调节,CMT (PnD3和PnD4) 家族基因可能是协同调节;而隶属于DNMT2家族的PnD6基因在各部位的表达都比较弱,唯独三倍体茎尖有很高的表达。由于茎尖是生长旺盛的部位,PnD6有可能是影响三倍体速生的重要基因。这些结果可能暗示,DNA甲基转移酶基因可能参与了黑杨发育过程中叶片形态发生的过程。 相似文献