共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
DNA条形码技术是现今生物分类学中重要的分子技术之一,其利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)等基因可以快速准确地鉴定新种和隐存种。COⅠ基因存在于所有动物中,呈母系遗传、比较保守、无内含子、进化速率比较快(是核基因进化速率的2～10倍)、具有明显的碱基偏好性,而且其DNA序列很少存在插入和缺失。DNA条形码技术不仅是生物形态学研究的一个重要补充,而且为研究生物分类与进化开辟了新的途径。本文就DNA条形码技术的技术原理、操作步骤及其在动物分类学及遗传多样性中的应用作一概述,旨在通过对其技术原理了解的同时,掌握其在当代生物分类学中的独特作用、现实意义及局限性,为进一步开展生物分类及进化研究提供思路。 相似文献
2.
《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2016,(5)
DNA条形码技术是利用生物体基因组DNA中一段短的DNA序列作为物种快速鉴定的遗传标记,建立DNA序列和生物物种之间一一对应的关系检测方法。本文对DNA条形码技术的背景、技术原理进行了介绍,着重综述了其在畜牧兽医上的应用,并对未来的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
4.
DNA条形码技术就是利用一段短的标准DNA序列来鉴别种群,从遗传物质的本身——DNA水平,来确定种群间的系统发育关系.目前随着DNA条形码技术的研究与发展,其应用范围也是越来越广泛.DNA条形码技术的研究先前在我国多侧重于植物和海洋及鱼业的分类上,现在逐渐发展到对物种的鉴别应用上,特别是在家畜、鸟类和家禽上,都有所应用.本文就DNA条形码技术的特点、优势及在家禽种质资源保护方面的应用进行简要的综述,讨论了DNA条形码技术在家禽种质资源保护的意义,同时,对DNA条形码技术在中国地方家禽品种保护中的优势进行展望. 相似文献
5.
DNA条形码技术就是利用一段短的标准的DNA序列来鉴定不同的种群,从DNA水平,来确定不同种群系统发育的关系。随着对DNA条形码技术的研究,其应用范围也是越来越广泛。DNA条形码技术的研究先前在我国多侧重于植物和海洋及渔业的分类上,现在逐渐发展到对物种的鉴别应用上,特别是在家畜、鸟类和家禽上,都有所应用。本文就DNA条形码技术的特点、优势及在家禽种质资源保护方面的应用进行简要的综述,讨论了DNA条形码技术在家禽种质资源保护的意义,并对DNA条形码技术在我国地方家禽品种保护中的优势进行展望。 相似文献
6.
鳞翅目昆虫是柞树的重要害虫类群。为了提高柞园鳞翅目害虫早期测报效率和准确度,建立了以线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)为标准基因的DNA条形码物种快速鉴定技术。应用该技术对从柞园采集的11种鳞翅目害虫的卵和蛹基因组DNA样品进行PCR及产物测序,得到了供试鳞翅目昆虫卵和蛹594~708 bp长的DNA条形码标准基因。同一种昆虫卵和蛹的DNA条形码序列存在0~2个碱基差异,序列一致度在99.7%~100%之间。供试鳞翅目昆虫DNA条形码序列碱基A、T、G和C的平均含量分别为30.7%、38.5%、14.9%和15.9%。获得的DNA条形码序列与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列相似度性最高物种的DNA条形码序列一致度在91.4%~100%之间,差异度在0~8.6%之间,其中有10种鳞翅目昆虫的卵和蛹的样品(编号1~20)与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列的一致度在99%~100%之间,差异度为0~1.0%,只有1种鳞翅目昆虫的卵和蛹样品(编号21、22)与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列的差异度较大,为8.6%。结果表明:应用建立的DNA条形码技术,可以根据天幕毛虫等鳞翅目害虫的卵和蛹基因组DNA快速、准确地对害虫进行种类鉴定。 相似文献
7.
8.
旨在构建我国部分马、驴细胞色素b(CYTB)基因的DNA条形码数据库，并研究其遗传多样性。以全国不同区域的8个马和3个驴品种共计149例样本为研究对象，以CYTB为候选基因，构建DNA条形码数据库，并与前期获得的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)和16S rRNA(16S)基因的DNA条形码进行对比，对我国部分马、驴品种进行遗传多样性分析。本研究共生成了CYTB DNA条形码1 271条，经分析，CYTB、COⅠ和16S的GC含量范围分别为44.4%～47.0%、38.3%～47.0%和40.9%～42.6%。对比后发现CYTB基因拥有最多的单倍型序列，在3个基因中表现出更多的多态性位点数，且单倍型多样性更高。编码蛋白的CYTB和COⅠ基因的第3位密码子突变率更高，保守性最小，而非编码蛋白16S基因中3位密码子突变率没有显著差异。CYTB和COⅠ蛋白序列的氨基酸含量不同，CYTB中含量最多的3个氨基酸为亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和苏氨酸，COⅠ为亮氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸。在CYTB和16S条形码中，无论是在物种水平上还是在亚种水平上，种内和种间距离都出现重合现象，而马和驴的COⅠDNA条形码在种内/种间遗... 相似文献
9.
成熟的基因扩增及测序技术,结合比较发达的网络与信息技术,给我们提供了以DNA为基础的系统分类方法.一种新的DNA分类方法--DNA条形编码(DNA Barcoding)技术应运而生.本研究以线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ,CD Ⅰ)基因的特定序列作为DNA条形码,对我国7个地方鸡种进行分子评估.研究结果表明:选择的这段CO Ⅰ基因序列有22个突变位点,为13个单倍型,其中11个单倍型为各品种所特有;6个鸡种有其特异位点,这些特异单倍型和特异位点作为DNA条形码可以对其进行分子评估,并可以作为辅助各品种鉴定的依据.7个品种间Kimura双参数遗传距离为0.017～0.389.7个品种的DNA分类和形态学分类基本一致,该基因可以探讨地方鸡种分类问题. 相似文献
10.
国际生命条形码计划—DNA Barcoding 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国拥有数目庞大、种类繁多的动植物,也有很多珍贵、濒危生物,这些更是异常宝贵的科学资源。DNA条形码技术的出现可以更好的帮助鉴别这些物种,了解其分支来源,甚至可以预知其进化方向。笔者简述了DNA条形码的技术原理与操作步骤及这项技术的产生与发展情况;简要列出了DNA条形码发展过程中的重要进步与研究相对集中的物种;概述了DNA条形码的应用途径及目前DNA条形码研究中存在的主要问题、矛盾、研究思路与发展方向,并对其发展前景做出展望。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献