共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 313 毫秒
1.
DNA条形码技术是现今生物分类学中重要的分子技术之一,其利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)等基因可以快速准确地鉴定新种和隐存种。COⅠ基因存在于所有动物中,呈母系遗传、比较保守、无内含子、进化速率比较快(是核基因进化速率的2～10倍)、具有明显的碱基偏好性,而且其DNA序列很少存在插入和缺失。DNA条形码技术不仅是生物形态学研究的一个重要补充,而且为研究生物分类与进化开辟了新的途径。本文就DNA条形码技术的技术原理、操作步骤及其在动物分类学及遗传多样性中的应用作一概述,旨在通过对其技术原理了解的同时,掌握其在当代生物分类学中的独特作用、现实意义及局限性,为进一步开展生物分类及进化研究提供思路。 相似文献
2.
《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2016,(5)
DNA条形码技术是利用生物体基因组DNA中一段短的DNA序列作为物种快速鉴定的遗传标记,建立DNA序列和生物物种之间一一对应的关系检测方法。本文对DNA条形码技术的背景、技术原理进行了介绍,着重综述了其在畜牧兽医上的应用,并对未来的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
4.
DNA条形码技术就是利用一段短的标准DNA序列来鉴别种群,从遗传物质的本身——DNA水平,来确定种群间的系统发育关系.目前随着DNA条形码技术的研究与发展,其应用范围也是越来越广泛.DNA条形码技术的研究先前在我国多侧重于植物和海洋及鱼业的分类上,现在逐渐发展到对物种的鉴别应用上,特别是在家畜、鸟类和家禽上,都有所应用.本文就DNA条形码技术的特点、优势及在家禽种质资源保护方面的应用进行简要的综述,讨论了DNA条形码技术在家禽种质资源保护的意义,同时,对DNA条形码技术在中国地方家禽品种保护中的优势进行展望. 相似文献
5.
DNA条形码技术就是利用一段短的标准的DNA序列来鉴定不同的种群,从DNA水平,来确定不同种群系统发育的关系。随着对DNA条形码技术的研究,其应用范围也是越来越广泛。DNA条形码技术的研究先前在我国多侧重于植物和海洋及渔业的分类上,现在逐渐发展到对物种的鉴别应用上,特别是在家畜、鸟类和家禽上,都有所应用。本文就DNA条形码技术的特点、优势及在家禽种质资源保护方面的应用进行简要的综述,讨论了DNA条形码技术在家禽种质资源保护的意义,并对DNA条形码技术在我国地方家禽品种保护中的优势进行展望。 相似文献
6.
鳞翅目昆虫是柞树的重要害虫类群。为了提高柞园鳞翅目害虫早期测报效率和准确度,建立了以线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)为标准基因的DNA条形码物种快速鉴定技术。应用该技术对从柞园采集的11种鳞翅目害虫的卵和蛹基因组DNA样品进行PCR及产物测序,得到了供试鳞翅目昆虫卵和蛹594~708 bp长的DNA条形码标准基因。同一种昆虫卵和蛹的DNA条形码序列存在0~2个碱基差异,序列一致度在99.7%~100%之间。供试鳞翅目昆虫DNA条形码序列碱基A、T、G和C的平均含量分别为30.7%、38.5%、14.9%和15.9%。获得的DNA条形码序列与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列相似度性最高物种的DNA条形码序列一致度在91.4%~100%之间,差异度在0~8.6%之间,其中有10种鳞翅目昆虫的卵和蛹的样品(编号1~20)与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列的一致度在99%~100%之间,差异度为0~1.0%,只有1种鳞翅目昆虫的卵和蛹样品(编号21、22)与Gen Bank数据库中同源序列的差异度较大,为8.6%。结果表明:应用建立的DNA条形码技术,可以根据天幕毛虫等鳞翅目害虫的卵和蛹基因组DNA快速、准确地对害虫进行种类鉴定。 相似文献
7.
8.
旨在构建我国部分马、驴细胞色素b(CYTB)基因的DNA条形码数据库，并研究其遗传多样性。以全国不同区域的8个马和3个驴品种共计149例样本为研究对象，以CYTB为候选基因，构建DNA条形码数据库，并与前期获得的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)和16S rRNA(16S)基因的DNA条形码进行对比，对我国部分马、驴品种进行遗传多样性分析。本研究共生成了CYTB DNA条形码1 271条，经分析，CYTB、COⅠ和16S的GC含量范围分别为44.4%～47.0%、38.3%～47.0%和40.9%～42.6%。对比后发现CYTB基因拥有最多的单倍型序列，在3个基因中表现出更多的多态性位点数，且单倍型多样性更高。编码蛋白的CYTB和COⅠ基因的第3位密码子突变率更高，保守性最小，而非编码蛋白16S基因中3位密码子突变率没有显著差异。CYTB和COⅠ蛋白序列的氨基酸含量不同，CYTB中含量最多的3个氨基酸为亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和苏氨酸，COⅠ为亮氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸。在CYTB和16S条形码中，无论是在物种水平上还是在亚种水平上，种内和种间距离都出现重合现象，而马和驴的COⅠDNA条形码在种内/种间遗... 相似文献
9.
成熟的基因扩增及测序技术,结合比较发达的网络与信息技术,给我们提供了以DNA为基础的系统分类方法.一种新的DNA分类方法--DNA条形编码(DNA Barcoding)技术应运而生.本研究以线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ,CD Ⅰ)基因的特定序列作为DNA条形码,对我国7个地方鸡种进行分子评估.研究结果表明:选择的这段CO Ⅰ基因序列有22个突变位点,为13个单倍型,其中11个单倍型为各品种所特有;6个鸡种有其特异位点,这些特异单倍型和特异位点作为DNA条形码可以对其进行分子评估,并可以作为辅助各品种鉴定的依据.7个品种间Kimura双参数遗传距离为0.017～0.389.7个品种的DNA分类和形态学分类基本一致,该基因可以探讨地方鸡种分类问题. 相似文献
10.
国际生命条形码计划—DNA Barcoding 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国拥有数目庞大、种类繁多的动植物,也有很多珍贵、濒危生物,这些更是异常宝贵的科学资源。DNA条形码技术的出现可以更好的帮助鉴别这些物种,了解其分支来源,甚至可以预知其进化方向。笔者简述了DNA条形码的技术原理与操作步骤及这项技术的产生与发展情况;简要列出了DNA条形码发展过程中的重要进步与研究相对集中的物种;概述了DNA条形码的应用途径及目前DNA条形码研究中存在的主要问题、矛盾、研究思路与发展方向,并对其发展前景做出展望。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
13.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
16.
17.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献