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1.
橘皮麦衍生物对离体痒螨及临床药效观察 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过磺酸化、卤代、酯化、乙酰化等途径对橘皮素进行结构改造后得到8种衍生物,并对这8种衍生物进行了离体兔耳痒螨药效试验。结果除磺酸取代物－2无杀螨作用外,其余7种均具有较强的杀螨作用,橘皮素磺酸取代物－1,在0．2％时40min内将被试螨虫全部杀死;在0．05％时橘皮素溴取代物－1和橘皮素溴取代物－2分别在35min和30min内、橘皮素碳酸酯在20min内、橘皮素甲基酮－1和橘皮素甲基酮－2分别在16min和43min内将被试螨虫全中杀死;橘皮素乙酰酯杀螨效力最强,在0．05％浓度时5min内、0．02％浓度时10min内将被试螨虫全部杀死。将橘皮素乙酰酯制成1％的擦剂,两次滴耳、涂擦治疗25只耳痒螨感染病兔和475只耳痒螨感染病狐,两周后治愈率达96．5％;将其制成50％的乳油,再稀释至0．05％和0．025％,间隔1周,药浴两次,共治疗172只和132只两群螨虫感染病羊,两周后,治愈率分别达到99％和98％,优于周期药浴的辛硫磷对照组,且无任何毒副作用发生。 相似文献
2.
橘皮素衍生物对离体痒螨及临床药效观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过磺酸化、卤代、酯化、乙酰化等途径对橘皮素进行结构改造后得到 8种衍生物 ,并对这 8种衍生物进行了离体兔耳痒螨药效试验。结果除磺酸取代物 - 2无杀螨作用外 ,其余 7种均具有较强的杀螨作用 ,橘皮素磺酸取代物 - 1,在 0 .2 %时 4 0 min内将被试螨虫全部杀死 ;在 0 .0 5 %时橘皮素溴取代物 - 1和橘皮素溴取代物 - 2分别在 35 min和 30 min内、橘皮素碳酸酯在 2 0 min内、橘皮素甲基酮 - 1和橘皮素甲基酮 - 2分别在 16 min和 4 3min内将被试螨虫全部杀死 ;橘皮素乙酰酯杀螨效力最强 ,在 0 .0 5 %浓度时 5 min内、0 .0 2 %浓度时 10 min内将被试螨虫全部杀死。将橘皮素乙酰酯制成 1%的擦剂 ,两次滴耳、涂擦治疗 2 5只耳痒螨感染病兔和 4 75只耳痒螨感染病狐 ,两周后治愈率达 96 .5 % ;将其制成 5 0 %的乳油 ,再稀释至 0 .0 5 %和 0 .0 2 5 % ,间隔 1周 ,药浴两次 ,共治疗 172只和 132只两群螨虫感染病羊 ,两周后 ,治愈率分别达到 99%和 98% ,优于同期药浴的辛硫磷对照组 ,且无任何毒副作用发生 相似文献
3.
桔皮素衍生物对离体兔耳痒螨药效筛选试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将桔皮素化学结构改造后获得的７种衍生物制成乳浊液含桔皮素１２．５％,再按要求稀释至所需浓度,对离体兔耳痒螨进行药效筛选试验。结果新衍生物有较好的杀螨作用,效果优于灭螨灵,与双甲脒、螨净相近。试验表明,０．０２％的磺酸取代物在４０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭,０．０５％桔皮素的溴取代物－１、溴取代物－２、碳酸酯、甲基酮－１和甲基酮－２分别在３５、３０、２０、１６和４０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭,０．０５％和０．０２％的桔皮素乙酰酯分别在５和１０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭。对照药品灭螨灵、螨净在０．０２％浓度时分别在１５和１４ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭。 相似文献
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5.
橘皮素乙酰酯是搐皮素结构改造后获得的衍生物，是一种新型杀螨药物，通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验，考察了橘皮素乙酰酯的致突变性。结果：在活化与非活化条件下，诱发TA97、TA98、TAl00和TAl02的回变菌落数与自发回变菌落数相近，无剂量反应关系；各试验组微核率(2．20‰～2．40‰)与阴性(2．00‰)和溶剂对照组(1．88‰)相近；精子畸形率(2．48％～2．72％)与阴性(2．36％)和溶剂对照组(2．06％)比较也无显著差异。表明橘皮素乙酰酯无致突变性． 相似文献
6.
桔皮素乙酰酯对兔耳痒螨药效试验 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
将桔皮素乙酰酯制成１％乳浊液,再稀释成一定倍数进行家兔耳痒螨离体药效试验。结果浓度为０．１％～０．０２％的乳浊液在２～１０ｍｉｎ杀死家兔耳痒螨;用１％桔皮素乙酰酯酒精溶液滴耳治疗兔耳痒螨病,结果用药１～２次,７ｄ明显好转,１４ｄ耳道瘕皮脱落完全治愈。 相似文献
7.
橘皮油及其单体作为驱避剂的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
此项研究用不同浓度橘皮油在温室内对小白鼠作驱避蚊虫试验，１－２％者２－３ｈ，有驱避作用、５－７％者４有驱避作用，用不同驱避剂在自然环境和温室内对小白鼠作驱避蚊虫对比试验，结果：７％橘皮油、后水（ＰＲＡＮＢＯＷ，ＵＳＡ）和驱蚊露均有４－５display status 相似文献
8.
新药甲氧基氢醌与同类化合物对畜禽常见病原菌的抑菌试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用试管法将化学合成的１３种氢醌类化合物对引起畜禽疾病的５种主要病原菌进行了抑菌试验，同时对新型氢醌类化合物甲氧基氢醌与２－甲基氢醌（六茜素）对畜禽常见的１１种主要病原菌进行了抑菌效果比较，结果表明，１３种氢醌类化合物抑菌效果依次为２－甲基５－氯氢醌、２－溴氢醌、２－氯氢醌、２－苄基氢醌、２－异丙基氢酯等；甲氧基氢醌对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌效果优于六茜素，但对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌效果则比六茜素差。 相似文献
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10.
抑制素主动免疫提高山羊排卵率 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
将８只关中奶山羊（白羊）和８只山东青山羊（青羊）分为２组，每组含有白羊和青羊各４只。试验组山羊以抑制素α亚单位１～３２片段人血清白蛋白偶合物为抗原进行主动免疫，对照组山羊则以人血清白蛋白为抗原进行免疫。３次免疫注射时间间隔分别为２０ｄ和３０ｄ。在末次免疫注射后１个月和２个月时，用腹腔镜检查试验羊卵巢上的黄体数。试验组白羊和青羊平均每只羊分别有１．８个黄体和２．４个黄体，对照组分别有１．６个黄体和２．２个黄体，说明抑制素主动免疫可以提高山羊的排卵率。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献