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1.
为研究吐鲁番黑羊(Ovis aries)的繁殖调控,培育新的高繁殖力绵羊品种,本研究以吐鲁番黑羊卵泡期和黄体期显著差异表达的绵羊微小RNA150(Ovis aries microRNA150,oar-mir-150)为研究对象,利用生物信息学预测oar-mir-150的靶基因,应用qRT-PCR检测吐鲁番黑羊卵泡期和黄体期卵巢组织中oarmir-150和类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白基因(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene,STAR)的表达水平,合成野生型、突变型和缺失型STAR基因碱基序列,退火扩增后与PGL3-control载体连接,构建荧光素酶报告基因重组载体,将绵羊oar-mir-150 mimic或negative control mimic与重组载体共转到293T细胞,利用双荧光素酶活性检测实验检测荧光素酶活性。结果表明,oar-mir-150的全部靶基因有540个,其中卵泡期与黄体期差异表达的靶基因有8个,STAR基因作为卵泡期较黄体期表达显著上调的靶基因其mRNA的3'非翻译区(3'untranslated region,3'UTR)存在oar-mir-150靶标结合位点(UUGGGAG);相对定量结果显示:卵泡期与黄体期相比,吐鲁番黑羊卵巢组织中oar-mir-150相对表达量为0.73,显著下调(P0.05),STAR mRNA相对表达量为1.90,显著上调(P0.05);成功构建野生型、突变型和缺失型荧光素酶报告基因重组载体,并以最佳转染效率和最佳转染比例进行转染;双荧光素酶活性检测结果表明oar-mir-150靶向负调控STAR的表达。研究证明了oar-mir-150与STAR间存在确切的靶向关系,且负调控STAR基因的表达,为研究微小RNA(microRNA,mi RNA)在发情周期的不同阶段调控吐鲁番黑羊繁殖过程提供理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
小鼠体型控制相关microRNA-200b(miR-200b)的表达谱及靶标分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
microRNA-200b(miR-200b)具有类似的调控哺乳动物体型大小的功能,但尚未在哺乳动物个体上进行验证。为研究microRNA-200b在小鼠发育过程中的表达,探讨microRNA-200b及其靶标基因在小鼠体型发育调控中的关键作用,本研究从小鼠(Mus musculus)基因组中扩增得到miR-200b前体序列,并验证了该miRNA的茎环前体结构;采用生物信息学软件预测miR-200b可能的靶基因,并通过双荧光素酶报告载体系统验证了miR-200b与靶基因3’UTR的相互作用;通过荧光定量PCR技术分别分析了miR-200b在成年小鼠体内各组织中和miR-200b及其靶标基因在小鼠胚胎发育不同时期的表达变化。结果显示,克隆到的鼠miR-200b前体序列能够形成茎环结构;软件预测和细胞实验证实Fog2基因是miR-200b的靶标基因,且二者在小鼠胚胎发育第10.5天到第15天时表达呈负相关趋势;qRT-PCR结果表明,miR-200b在成年雌性小鼠各组织中均有表达,在肌肉、肾脏和子宫中表达量高,在心脏、脾脏和肺脏中表达量偏低。根据表达谱和靶标验证结果推测,miR-200b通过与靶基因Fog2的互作参与小鼠胚胎发育过程。  相似文献   

3.
miR-122(MicroRNA-122)是在肝脏中高表达的miRNA,在肝脏的生长发育和脂类代谢等过程发挥重要作用,BZW2 (basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2)主要参与蛋白质合成代谢,本研究目的是确定BZW2是否为miR-122调控的靶基因.通过生物信息学预测miR-122的靶基因,并分析BZW2的3-UTR区域与miR-122种子区的配对情况,再用双荧光素酶报告系统和突变实验证明miR-122作用于BZW2的3'UTR.用荧光定量PCR检测转染miRNA-122mimic的鸡(Gallus gallus)肝癌细胞系(leghorn hepatocellar,LMH)细胞和转染LNA-antimiR-122的鸡原代肝细胞中BZW2的表达.鸡BZW2的3'-UTR区域与miR-122种子区互补配对,荧光素酶报告基因和突变实验分析表明,miR-122能够通过与BZW23'-UTR区结合抑制基因的表达;将miR-122在LMH细胞中过表达后,发现BZW2 mRNA表达水平显著下降;利用LNA-antimiR-122抑制鸡肝脏原代细胞中的miR-122后,BZW2 mRNA表达水平呈显著性上升.结果证明BZW2是miR-122的靶基因,其在mRNA水平上受到miR-122的负性调控,本研究为揭示miR-122在鸡肝脏中的广泛的功能提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

4.
microRNA(miRNA)是调控脂类代谢的重要分子。本研究采用数据库预测和自由能分析法,筛选与山羊(Capra hirus)乳腺脂肪酸代谢相关的miRNA,并对预测得到的miRNA进行克隆验证。预测结果表明,通过MicroCosm、TargertScan和PicTar3个在线数据库预测与山羊脂肪酸代谢相关的30个基因相对应的miRNA,预测得到50条miRNA,其中3个数据库预测一致的miRNA为13条,2个数据库预测一致的为37条。结果显示,脂肪酸合酶基因(FASN)对应4个不同的miRNA,嗜乳脂蛋白基因(BTN1A1)对应2个,而磷酸甘油酰基转移酶6基因(AGPAT6)没有预测到miRNA靶位点;FASN与BTN1A1的3’UTR上miR-103的结合位点分别有3个和2个。通过MFOLD软件对预测所得的50条miRNA靶位点两侧序列的自由能(ΔG>-20kcal/mol)进行分析,9种miRNA与调控脂肪酸代谢基因相关度较高,分别为miR-103/BTN1A1、miR-15/FASN、miR-23/LPL(脂蛋白酯酶)、miR-27/PPARγ(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体)、miR-29/GPR41(短链脂肪酸受体)、miR-146/BTN1A1、miR-195/FASN、miR-200/SCD(硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶)和miR-497/GPR41,其中miR-103/27/195分别位于BTN1A1、PPARγ和FASN的靶位点与已知物种间同源性较高,增加了这些miRNA/mRNA结合的可能性。此外,靶位点单侧和双侧ΔG小于阈值的miRNA/mRNA分别为14对和9对,其中miR-27/mRNA预测的靶基因为4个,依次为FASN、ACOX1(乙酰辅酶氧化酶基因1)、LPL和PPARγ,miR-103和miR-15的靶基因同为FASN、BTN1A1和ACOX1。以西农萨能奶山羊(Capra hirus)基因组DNA为模板,可扩增出与5条miRNA(miR-103-1/23a/27a/146b/200a)分别相对应的初级miRNA(pri-miRNA);通过序列分析和二级结构分析表明,5条pri-miRNA均包含完整的pre-miRNA序列,同时具有典型的茎环结构,能够产生相应的miRNA。与牛的同源性分析表明,除pre-miR-27a同源性为98%外(山羊pre-miR-27a3’端第11个碱基为G,而牛为A),其余4条pre-miRNA同源性均为100%。因此,本研究筛选的9种miRNA可能调控山羊乳腺脂肪酸代谢,克隆的5条pri-miRNA为其功能研究提供基础。  相似文献   

5.
Nramp1基因在猪肺泡巨噬细胞中具有较高的组织表达特异性,本研究的目的是克隆并分析猪(Sus scrofa)Nramp1基因在肺泡巨噬细胞中的特异性表达调控元件.本研究首先利用5'RACE技术确定了Nramp1基因转录起始位点,在此基础上构建了-1 327～+86 bp区域内不同长度的嵌套缺失片段,分别连接至pGL3-BASIC载体上,构建了pLUC1430、pLUC1136、pLUC840、pLUC751、pLUC487、pLUC379、pLUC274及pLUC179共8个缺失表达载体.采用脂质体转染法,与海肾荧光素酶载体共转染猪肺泡巨噬细胞、肾细胞、脂肪前体细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞,采用双荧光素酶报告系统验证了Nramp1基因不同启动子片段的表达活性,结果表明Nramp1基因核心启动子区位于-386～-173 bp.进一步比较了pLUC487[-386～+86]启动子区在巨噬细胞、猪肾细胞、脂肪细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞中的表达活性,结果表明Nramp1基因在巨噬细胞中的表达活性极显著地高于肾细胞、脂肪细胞和成纤维细胞(P<0.01),表明Nramp1基因启动子具有较高的巨噬细胞特异性.本研究获得了能够在猪肺泡巨噬细胞中特异表达的调控元件,为进一步实现外源基因在猪肺泡巨噬细胞中的特异性表达提供了基础.  相似文献   

6.
应用PCR扩增到得到玫瑰黄链霉菌S. roseoflavus的几丁质酶基因的整个催化域，将其与包含信号肽区、纤维素结合区、几丁质结合区三个结构功能域的S. lividans chiC基因片段相连接，插入pET23b (+)质粒上，构建成表达载体，用来转化大肠杆菌JM109(DE3)，转化子在几丁质酶培养基上表现活性。  相似文献   

7.
microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长约22nt的非编码小RNA分子,作为关键的转录后调控因子调控真核生物的基因表达,广泛参与细胞的生长发育、分化和凋亡等生物学过程。本研究通过生物信息学预测发现,猪(Susscrofa)肿瘤坏死抑制因子-α(TNF-α)的3’非编码区具有2个潜在的miR-369的靶位点。并进一步通过双荧光素酶报告系统分析,将猪TNF-α3’非编码区构建到双荧光素酶载体中,转染至猪髋动脉内皮细胞系,荧光素酶活性测定显示,miR-369过表达组的荧光比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而miR-369抑制组相比对照组没有显著差异(P=0.752)。研究结果提示,猪miR-369能靶向调控TNF-α的表达,对深入研究脂肪沉积性状重要候选基因TNF-α的转录后调控机制具有重要价值。  相似文献   

8.
MicroRNAs（miRNAs）为一类大小约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA，它们能通过与靶mRNA 的3′UTR（非编码区）完全互补导致mRNA降解，或不完全互补结合阻断mRNA翻译。研究表明，miRNAs在动植物的生长发育，免疫调节，病毒感染等过程中发挥了重要作用。本文分别利用构建小RNA的cDNA文库和RNA加尾、引物延伸RT-PCR克隆法从猪骨骼肌中鉴定了miRNAs let-7b和let-7c，并综合比较了这两种方法的优缺点，为推动猪miRNA的克隆鉴定提供了新的策略。  相似文献   

9.
本研究旨在对猪黑素皮质激素受体-4基因(MC4R)的转录调控机制进行初步探讨.首先通过PCR方法扩增MC4R基因5’上游启动区l 234 bp(-1 264～-31 bp)的片段,再利用生物信息学方法对这一区域内潜在的转录起始位点进行了预测,最后采用步移缺失获得了11段长度不等的启动子片段,并分别克隆到荧光素酶(LUC)报告基因表达质粒(pGL3-Basic)中.同时,通过双荧光素酶报告活性分析检测MC4R基因启动子区不同长度片段在猪上皮型肾细胞(PK15)中瞬时转染后的活性.结果表明,猪MC4R 5’端-682 bp处存在1个潜在的转录起始位点(TSS),细胞检测结果显示-514～-486bp区域内存在控制MC4R基础转录活性的顺式调控元件,推测该序列内的热休克转录因子(HSF)结合位点可能对MC4R基因的表达调控及功能行使具有重要作用.  相似文献   

10.
鸡(Gallus gallus)miR-124a-3p与乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶2基因(acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 gene,ACAA2)间存在潜在的互作关系。但目前对鸡miR-124a-3p的功能及其与ACAA2的靶作用关系了解还很少。本研究整合了组织表达谱和靶基因预测结果,分析鸡miR-124a-3p的潜在生物学功能,并验证了其与ACAA2的靶向关系。qRT-PCR结果显示,miR-124a-3p在所检测的鸡4个发育阶段13种组织中均表达,尤其是在下丘脑中高丰度特异性表达。生物信息学分析显示,miR-124a-3p预测靶基因在脂类转运、神经元迁移调控、脂肪细胞因子信号通路、轴突导向等生物学过程和通路中富集。关联分析表明,miR-124a-3p和ACAA2在胸肌、肝脏和皮下脂肪组织中的表达呈负相关。在鸡成纤维细胞中转染miR-124a-3p模拟物(miR-124a-3p mimics)可显著抑制荧光素酶活性和ACAA2的表达,表明鸡miR-124a-3p为一广泛性表达miRNA,且呈明显的时序表达,并通过靶作用于ACAA2参与多种脂类代谢相关生物学过程调控。本研究数据为进一步研究鸡miR-124a-3p功能和揭示鸡脂肪沉积相关性状形成机制提供了资料。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

14.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

15.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

16.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

20.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

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