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1.
肉鸡和蛋鸡心肌易颤性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以常规饲养的肉鸡和蛋鸡作为试验动物,通过电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈的测定以及进行冷加压试验,对同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡的心肌易颤性进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡相比,电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈肉鸡均极显著低于蛋鸡(P<0.01);(2)在电刺激诱发室颤的过程中,开胸时室颤的发生率肉鸡(14%)显著高于蛋鸡(0%)(P<0.05);(3)冷加压试验:冷加压5min内,心率和PT波宽出现了显著的变化,而且变化幅度肉鸡均明显大于蛋鸡。上述试验结果从不同方面均表明肉鸡心肌易颤性高于蛋鸡。 相似文献
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试验选择120只1日龄罗丝308商品肉鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验AWEⅠ组、AWEⅡ组和AWEⅢ组分别在基础日粮中添加100、300和500mg/kg沙葱乙醇提取物(AWE),以研究沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜发育的影响。结果表明,添加500mg/kgAWE可显著提高28日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠绒毛长度及42日龄肉仔鸡空肠绒毛长度(P<0.05)。对照组及各试验组小肠绒毛宽度和隐窝深度无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡十二指肠V/C比值有显著提高作用(P<0.05),各试验组十二指肠V/C比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。28日龄时各试验组空肠V/C比值及回肠V/C比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果显示,在日粮中添加沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜的正常发育有一定促进作用,增强了小肠的吸收能力,其中以500mg/kgAWE的添加效果最佳。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(11):95-97
本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平的烟酸对AA肉仔鸡血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为5个处理组,日粮中烟酸添加水平分别为0、60、80、100、120 mg/kg,进行6周饲养试验。结果显示:(1)血液生化指标方面,随着烟酸水平的不断提高,肉仔鸡血清总胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量呈下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血糖(Glu)含量呈现提高趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05),而甘油三脂(TG)含量呈先扬后抑趋势,日粮中添加60、80、100、120 mg/kg烟酸试验组甘油三酯(TG)含量分别为(0.69±0.05)mmol/L、(0.87±0.06)mmol/L、(1.01±0.07)mmol/L、(1.06±0.13)mmol/L、(1.06±0.13)mmol/L,各添加烟酸试验组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)血清抗氧化性能方面,日粮中添加60、80、100、120 mg/kg烟酸试验组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)含量都呈上升趋势,较对照组均略有提高,但无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明:在AA肉仔鸡日粮中添加烟酸,有改善肉仔鸡血脂和抗氧化能力的作用。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究黑沙蒿水提物(AOE)对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜形态及免疫指标的影响。试验分为3组,空白组和对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg AOE。第14、16、18 d时,对照组及试验组肉仔鸡腹腔注射脂多糖LPS(500μg/kg),空白组注射等量生理盐水。结果表明:21 d时,与空白组相比,LPS刺激显著降低了十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05);试验组饲粮中添加AOE缓解了因LPS刺激导致的十二指肠绒毛高度的下降,其他指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。28 d时,试验组十二指肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(绒隐比)显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组空肠隐窝深度显著低于对照组(P0.05),其他指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。与空白组相比,LPS刺激导致十二指肠IL-2含量显著下降(P0.05),且IgM和IL-4含量也呈下降趋势(0.05P0.10);试验组饲粮中添加AOE降低了因LPS刺激引起的IL-2、IL-4和IgM含量下降的幅度;与空白组相比,对照组空肠IgG、回肠IgM(0.05P0.10)和IL-4(P0.05)的含量下降;试验组饲粮中添加AOE缓解了由LPS刺激导致的空肠IgG、回肠IgM和IL-4含量的下降,其他指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂AOE对LPS刺激的肉仔鸡小肠黏膜形态有改善作用,可缓解因LPS刺激造成的肠黏膜损伤,增强肉仔鸡小肠的免疫能力。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(23)
文章旨在探讨饮水中添加粪链球菌、屎肠球菌复合微生态制剂对AV500肉仔鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响。试验组饮水中加入35 mg/kg肠球菌复合微生态制剂;对照组饮用普通饮水。试验结果表明:1~21日龄、22~42日龄试验组肉仔鸡死淘率比对照组降低53.33%和61.49%(P0.05);21日龄肉仔鸡试验组脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高16.7%、44.4%、28.6%(P0.05);42日龄肉仔鸡试验组脾脏指数高于对照组33.3%(P0.05),胸腺指数、法氏囊指数与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验组肉仔鸡盲肠、回肠肠道内肠球菌的数量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),21日龄和42日龄试验组和对照组肉仔鸡盲肠内大肠杆菌数量差异不显著(P0.05),试验组肉仔鸡回肠内大肠杆菌数量均低于对照组(P0.05);综上所述,饮水中添加肠球菌复合微生态制剂可以促进肉仔鸡的生长发育,改善肠道菌群结构,提高机体免疫力,降低死淘率。 相似文献
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采用单因子完全随机试验设计,通过测定p H值、胸肌率、腿肌率、失水率、屠宰率、腹脂率来研究不同大蒜添加水平对肉仔鸡腹脂及常规指标的影响。结果表明,试验组的肝重和肺重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但试验组肉仔鸡胃重和肠重显著高于对照组(P0.05),添加2%大蒜的试验组的胃重和肠重也高于添加1%、3%的试验组,而在脂肪宽上则仍然是试验组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。添加1%、2%、3%鲜大蒜可显著提高肉鸡肉质。添加大蒜粉的试验鸡肌肉的失水率和剪切力都显著低于对照组(P0.05),随着大蒜的添加量增多肉仔鸡的胸、腿肌的失水率和剪切力减小。试验组的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率相对于对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。添加大蒜试验组的腹脂率相对于对照组显著差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
8.
芽孢杆菌制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文旨在研究日粮中添加芽孢杆茵制荆对内仔鸡生产性能和免疫力的影响.选用300只1日龄爱拨益加肉仔鸡.随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只鸡.2个处理分别为:基础日粮组(Ⅰ)、基础日粮+0.2%芽孢杆茵制剂组(Ⅱ).试验结果表明:芽孢杆菌制剂提高了肉仔鸡的日增重,在3周龄和4周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著(P<0.05),在5周龄和6周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(I)相比差异极显著(P<0.01);提高了饲料报酬.在3周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著(P<0.05),在4～6周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异极显著(P<0.01).肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数、鸡新城疫(NDV)抗体水平与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著.同时也提高了肉仔鸡机体的健康状况. 相似文献
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为了评价马铃薯渣发酵处理后应用于肉仔鸡的有效性和安全性,试验将AA肉仔鸡20只分为2组,每组10只,试验组饲喂含10%发酵马铃薯渣的肉仔鸡配合饲料,对照组饲喂含5%棉粕和5%菜粕的肉仔鸡配合饲料,试验期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组肉仔鸡日增重提高3.29%(P0.05),料重比降低5.58%(P0.05),死淘率为0;试验组肉仔鸡肤色较黄,肌肉p H值、肌肉组织弹性、肌肉气味、器官湿重、清烹肉汤鉴定指标等均无异常;2组间血常规指标差异不显著(P0.05);试验组总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰氨转肽酶、谷草转氨酶均极显著低于对照组(P0.01),尿酸显著低于对照组(P0.05),其他指标均差异不显著(P0.05);肌肉安全性方面,2组均未检测出有害微生物、有害寄生虫,虽然检测出有害微量元素,但都在国标规定范围内,远低于标定值,且试验组指标低于对照组。说明发酵马铃薯渣应用于肉仔鸡是有效、安全的。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献