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以GB/T 20752-2006中的实验方法为基础,对超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLCMS/MS)检测水产品中呋喃它酮(AMOZ)、呋喃西林(SEM)、呋喃妥因(AHD)和呋喃唑酮(AOZ)4种硝基呋喃代谢物的样品前处理方法进行了改进。试样用0. 2 mol/L盐酸溶液溶解后,经2-硝基苯甲醛衍生化,加入0. 1 mol/L磷酸氢二钾,混匀后用1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH约为7. 4。经乙酸乙酯直接振荡离心提取上清液,氮气吹干经超高效液相色谱串联质谱,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果表明,四种代谢物回收率控制在90%～120%之间,RSD10%。实际样品分析结果显示,新的样品前处理方法简单、分析时间短、结果可靠,适合水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物残留的测定。 相似文献
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LC-MS/MS在硝基呋喃类兽药残留检测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
综述了目前采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法同时测定硝基呋喃类兽药代谢物呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因残留分析的检测现状、最低检测限以及国内外利用同位素内标法使用LC-MS/MS测定硝基呋喃类兽药残留的检测现状及其达到的最低检测限,并阐明了其应用对我国食品安全体系健康发展的重要意义。 相似文献
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液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用检测蜂蜜中四种硝基呋喃类代谢物 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
介绍了高效液相色谱电喷雾多级质谱(LC/MSn) 同时快速、准确测定蜂蜜中呋喃西林、呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮和呋喃妥英4种硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物。硝基呋喃类代谢物在酸性条件下经过邻硝基苯甲醛衍生化, 液相萃取后经色谱分离, 利用二级质谱进行定性和定量。加标样品平均回收率达到64% ~79%, 定量下限(LOQ) 为0 1~1μg·kg-1, 检测限(LOD) 达到0 05~0 5μg·kg-1。该方法测定结果满足欧盟(EU)对进口动物源性食品中硝基呋喃类抗生素的残留要求。 相似文献
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液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡肌肉组织中硝基呋喃类代谢物的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
建立了一种专属、灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱法,同时检测鸡肌肉组织中硝基呋喃类代谢物：呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ、呋喃它酮代谢物AMOZ,呋喃妥因代谢物AHD和呋喃西林代谢物SEM.鸡肌肉组织中硝基呋喃类代谢物经衍生化、提取后,采用电喷雾离子源,正离子检测方式进行分析.在0.5～20 ng/mL浓度范围内,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物均呈线性,相关系数r＞0.99.在0.5、1和2 μg/kg 3种添加浓度,AOZ、AMOZ、AHD和SEM相应的平均回收率在80%～120%,RSD＜16%.4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的检测限均可达到0.25 μg/kg.该方法专属性强、灵敏度高,适用于鸡肌肉组织中硝基呋喃类代谢物的检测. 相似文献
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超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定畜产品中硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立和发展了畜产品4种硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法（UPLC–MS/MS）快速检测方法。样品中与蛋白结合的代谢物经0.125moL盐酸水解,2-硝基苯甲醛（2-NAB）37℃衍生16小时(过夜)。上清夜调节pH=7.4,用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷净化,流动相定容。采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应检测模式（MRM）。外标法定量,在添加浓度为0.1～2.0μg/kg范围内,四种代谢物的平均回收率在67.3%～85.0%之间,10次测定结果的RSD平均值在2.5～9.7%之间。最低检出限均到达0.15μg/kg,在0.10～20.00ng/mL 的线性范围内,相关系数r均大于0.99,实现了样品检测的快速、高灵敏和高的选择性,适用于畜产品猪肉和猪肝中硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的检测。 相似文献
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针对水产品硝基呋喃类药物代谢物我国农业农村部制定了783-1-2006号公告,使用液相色谱串联质谱法检测水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物。该方法是将样品肌肉组织残留的硝基呋喃类代谢物在酸性条件下水解衍生化,经液液萃取后,内标法定量。本方法前处理简单,液液萃取避免了固相萃取的繁琐,减少了目标化合物的损失,内标法校正使得结果较为准确。但是,仍存在衍生化过程酸度不够导致衍生化不够彻底,提取过程磷酸氢二钾浓度不够导致提取不彻底,甲醇溶液定容后,涡旋振荡溶解出现乳化现象等问题。结合实际情况对国家标准方法进行改进和优化,进一步提升方法的准确度、精密度、灵敏度。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献