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大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对鲢丝氨酸蛋白酶的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(STI)对鲢肌肉中肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶(MBSP)引起的肌原纤维蛋白降解作用的影响。大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂经高度纯化后加入肌原纤维中以判断它对MBSP的抑制效果。在不添加STI的情况下,55℃加热30min即可观察到肌球蛋白重链的分解,延长加热时间则可检测到肌动蛋白及原肌球蛋白的降解。相反,在终浓度为0.75μg·mL-1的STI存在下,包括肌球蛋白重链在内的肌原纤维蛋白降解均能得到有效抑制,表明STI是MBSP的特异性抑制剂。由于肌球蛋白重链及肌动蛋白的完整性是构成鱼糜制品凝胶强度的主要因素,因此,STI的添加有可能提高鲢鱼糜制品的凝胶强度。 相似文献
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鳊鱼鱼糜蛋白质结构与凝胶特性关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
蛋白质对于鱼糜凝胶形成具有重要作用,通过研究鳊鱼鱼糜贮藏过程中肌球蛋白化学作用力、激光拉曼光谱等的变化探讨蛋白质结构对鱼糜凝胶形成的影响。结果发现,鱼糜在-80℃、-20℃冻藏过程中,肌球蛋白含量、离子键、氢键与疏水相互作用含量呈现先快后慢的二段式下降趋势,与其凝胶强度变化趋势一致;在0℃和5℃贮藏过程中,肌球蛋白含量、离子键和氢键含量呈不断下降的趋势,与凝胶强度变化趋势基本一致,而疏水相互作用为先增加后减少,由此可见,肌球蛋白含量、离子键和氢键含量在维持鱼糜蛋白高级结构上起着重要的作用。激光拉曼光谱结果显示α-螺旋结构是维持鳊鱼糜蛋白质网状结构的主要构象,在贮藏过程中,部分α-螺旋结构转变成无规卷曲,使包埋于肌球蛋白分子内的疏水性残基暴露于分子表面,进而发生蛋白变性;贮藏温度越高,无规卷曲结构越多,蛋白变性程度越大,表现在凝胶强度降低越多。鱼糜贮藏过程中蛋白质结构变化的研究对于阐明鱼糜凝胶形成机理和防止鱼糜蛋白变性具有一定意义。 相似文献
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克隆斑马鱼原肌球蛋白的基因并表达纯化出重组蛋白,对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。提取斑马鱼总RNA,采用RT-PCR克隆斑马鱼原肌球蛋白的全长基因,根据序列设计带有酶切位点的特异性引物,扩增斑马鱼原肌球蛋白基因的完整开放阅读框,连入载体pET-28a,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中通过IPTG诱导得到重组斑马鱼原肌球蛋白。重组蛋白经Ni 2+亲和层析柱纯化后进行Western-blot检测。获得斑马鱼原肌球蛋白基因,Western-blot结果显示重组蛋白具有良好的免疫活性。本研究成功克隆并表达了斑马鱼原肌球蛋白基因,经免疫学鉴定发现其具有过敏原性。 相似文献
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为了研究鱼类半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(cystatin)的功能并探索其在水产品加工和病害防治中的应用潜力，将改造后的中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)cystatin C cDNA亚克隆到原核表达载体pBV220，构建表达cystatinc的大肠杆菌基因工程菌。该工程菌经温度诱导、SDS—PAGE检测，在约12．4kD处有一特异蛋白带，该特异蛋白的含量约为菌体总蛋白的25％。重组半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂经洗涤、溶解、透析、复性后纯度为85％，实现了中华鲟cystatinC在大肠杆菌中的高效表达。木瓜蛋白酶活性抑制实验结果表明该重组cystatinc具有明显的酶活抑制作用。 相似文献
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加热对远东拟沙丁鱼鱼糜制品质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对沙丁鱼鱼糜就不同的加热方法初步探讨了其最佳加热条件,采用了新的压出水分指标(Ip-A)方法评价鱼糜制品的保水性,讨论了加热方法和保水性的关系,并测定了鱼糜加热前后肌球蛋白的变化。结果表明:以 30℃ 120分钟、90℃ 30分钟和 40℃ 20分钟、90℃ 30分钟的加热方法,鱼糜制品的质量为好;60℃是远东拟沙丁鱼鱼糜的凝胶劣化温度。压出水分(Ip-A)与凝胶强度呈线性负相关(r=-0.9649);在30℃和40℃的凝胶化温度下,肌球蛋白残留量迅速下降.而在60℃加热时,下降反而缓慢;在90℃加热时,肌球蛋白的残留量与加热时间的对数呈线性负相关(r=-0.9957)。 相似文献
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圆苞车前子壳粉(psyllium husk powder, PHP)是一种富含膳食纤维的食品亲水胶体。为了解其在鱼糜制品中的作用,本实验以冷冻鲢鱼糜为研究对象,以凝胶强度和持水性(water holding capacity, WHC)为考察指标,研究了PHP的添加量、凝胶化温度和凝胶化时间3个因素对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验和验证试验。正交试验结果得到最佳工艺条件:PHP添加量0.1%,凝胶化温度45°C,凝胶化时间2 h。单因素试验结果表明,添加适量PHP (0.1%～0.3%)能够增加鱼糜凝胶的硬度和WHC,但对破断距离有不利影响;根据验证试验中蒸煮损失率、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)分析,PHP的添加降低了较高凝胶化温度时凝胶的蒸煮损失,PHP或许可以促进肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain, MHC)分子间交联,减缓蛋白质降解,形成更加致密的凝胶结构。本研究对PHP作为一种新型食品原料应用于开发优质健康鱼糜制品进行了初步的探究,以期为丰富亲水胶在影响鱼糜凝胶特性中的应用研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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盘鲍原肌球蛋白基因的克隆、表达及其免疫原性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获得具有过敏原活性的重组盘鲍TM进行了试验。克隆盘鲍原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TM)基因并表达纯化出重组蛋白,对其免疫学特性进行了鉴定。从盘鲍肌肉中提取总RNA,RT-PCR克隆盘鲍中原肌球蛋白基因,根据序列设计带有酶切位点的特异性引物,扩增盘鲍TM的开放阅读框,与pET-28a载体连接并转化入大肠杆菌Escherichia.coli BL21(DE3),诱导表达后,Ni2+亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白,West-ern-blot检测其免疫学活性。经序列测定,该基因由855个碱基组成,编码284个氨基酸。SDS-PAGE检测该重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达38 kD的目的蛋白,且重组蛋白具有良好的IgE结合活性。 相似文献
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壳聚糖对鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将壳聚糖添加到鲢鱼糜制品中,测定鱼糜制品的凝胶强度、全质构(TPA)、失水率和色泽,研究壳聚糖的脱乙酰度(DD)、分子量(MW)以及添加量对鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,采用电镜扫描观察凝胶的微观结构,结果表明,壳聚糖DD对鱼糜制品凝胶特性影响较大,DD为64%时,凝胶强度提高了约34%,失水率减少了29.1%;壳聚糖MW对鱼糜制品的凝胶强度影响小;随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶强度、TPA都有明显的增加,失水率减少(P<0.05),添加1.0%壳聚糖的鱼糜凝胶强度与添加4.0%淀粉的鱼糜凝胶强度相当;微观结构可看出壳聚糖与鱼糜形成网络结构。结果说明壳聚糖是鱼糜制品良好的品质改良剂。 相似文献
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尼罗罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究尼罗罗非鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,试验结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼属于难凝胶化也不易凝胶劣化的鱼种,凝胶热稳定性能较好,尼罗罗非鱼较不易冷冻变性,原料的处理方式会影响到鱼糜的凝胶形成能力,漂洗可以提高凝胶强度和白度,添加TGase产生的粘合作用对提高罗非鱼鱼糜弹性很有效. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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