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1.
苏云金杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt)BtHB菌株是从736株野生型Bt菌中筛选分离的1株对仓库害虫烟草粉螟具有高效杀虫活性的菌株。BtHB菌株与已知标准菌株生理生化特性比较,初步确定BtHB菌株为加拿大亚种(canadensis,H5a5c)。对BtHB菌株进行发酵条件筛选结果表明,BtHB菌株的最适培养时间、温度、酸碱度、转速分别为36h、30℃、pH7.5、180r/mim。BtHB菌株对烟草粉螟二龄幼虫的室内防治效果9d后发酵原粉稀释100、300、600倍的防效超过80%。BtHB菌株伴孢晶体蛋白质提纯在电镜下观察发现,BtHB菌株晶体有菱形、长椭圆形、不规则形晶体,晶体大小不同,长椭圆形晶体长轴平均1.59μm,短轴平均0.79μm,菱形晶体长轴平均1.60μm,短轴平均0.81μm。 相似文献
2.
烟草青枯病生防菌的筛选及其田间防效评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选出对烟草青枯病有效防治的生防菌,通过稀释涂布法从烟株根际土壤分离到一株具有明显拮抗作用的菌株69-1,经16S rDNA鉴定该菌株为壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis),并用该菌株进行烟草青枯病田间防治试验。结果表明,与对照相比,经菌株69-1处理烟株茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶宽、最大叶长、上中下部烟叶单叶干重、最大叶面积、产量均显著增加,且对烟草青枯病的相对防效达60.42%,同时对不同处理组的初烤烟叶进行化学成分的检测分析,发现菌株69-1处理相对于对照组烟叶品质更佳。该菌株菌剂处理不仅可以提高烟株对烟草青枯病的防效,而且还提高烟叶品质和产量,可为烟草青枯病生物防治提供一定参考。 相似文献
3.
研究旨在为微生物菌剂研发及生产提供参考。利用小菜蛾高毒力苏云金芽孢杆菌株Bt.DBW902,构建最佳发酵条件,探索Bt粉剂制备工艺。以活菌数、活芽孢数和晶体蛋白含量为指标,采用单因子试验方法,对菌株最佳发酵条件进行优化。通过添加各种不同浓度梯度矿物填料制备Bt粉剂初型,测定粉剂特性。研究结果表明:Bt.DBW902最佳发酵条件为:接种量2%,种子液菌龄10 h,摇床转速200 r/min,初始p H 7.0~7.5,温度30℃,发酵时间48 h。该条件下活菌数达到2.99×109CFU/m L,活芽孢数达到8.88×108CFU/m L,晶体蛋白含量可达到20.0 mg/m L。Bt粉剂初型中,人造沸石对Bt粉剂保护作用最佳,添加比例为1.0%~3.0%时,Bt.DBW902对小菜蛾毒杀活性最强。本研究优化了Bt.DBW902发酵条件并获得了高毒力Bt粉剂初型,为Bt粉剂研发及生产奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
为明确烤烟醇化过程中烟叶表面增香微生物对其品质的作用,以6个不同产地的烟叶为试材,通过菌株分离和产酶能力筛选,对筛选出的细菌进行16S rDNA测序分析,将烟丝发酵样进行感官质量评吸、常规化学成分和多酚化合物分析。结果表明,菌株GY99处理样的感官评吸质量提升最为明显,能有效增加烟叶香气和甜感,其处理后的牡丹江、庆阳烟叶总分分别增加了2.26、2.03分,舒适度提升,香气质和香气量分别增加0.44、0.33分,刺激性和杂气降低。本研究筛选出1株可同时产蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)菌株GY99。同时还筛选到3株可明显改善烟草品质的菌株,分别是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)菌株GY96、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株GY72和微球菌属(Micrococcus)菌株GY67。 相似文献
5.
为探究不同生物菌剂对烟草虫害的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,研究防控虫害的生物菌剂苦参·印楝素+苏云金杆菌（T1）、金龟子绿僵菌+苏云金杆菌（T2）、微生物菌W-1(T3)对烟草生长和生理指标的影响,以对烟草害虫防治的常规方法为试验对照,分析不同生物菌剂处理后烟株农艺性状和生理指标的变化差异。结果表明不同生物菌剂对烟草的促进效果不同,与对照相比,3个处理皆具有提升叶长和叶宽的作用,但有效叶片数下降,其中微生物菌W-1处理对株高、叶长、叶宽促进效果最大;3个处理皆有促进多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的效果,而其他抗氧化酶及生理生化指标则各不相同,但相比较而言以微生物菌W-1效果较好,以处理苦参·印楝素+苏云金杆菌较差;烟草农艺性状和叶片酶进行相关性分析发现株高与过氧化物酶（POD）、丙二醛（MDA）、可溶性糖呈正相关,与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）呈负相关,叶宽与丙二醛（MDA）呈正相关,有效叶片数与可溶性蛋白含量呈正相关。综合分析本研究中微生物菌W-1处理烟草生长和生理指标最好。 相似文献
6.
为获得用于烟草的优良微生物肥料菌种资源,探讨其对烟草种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响,从延边地区烟草根际土壤中分离筛选具有产吲哚乙酸（IAA）能力的菌株并进行分子鉴定,研究该单一菌及混合菌剂对烟草种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,鞘氨醇杆菌属（Sphingobacterium sp.）m-53与咸海鲜球菌属（Jeotgalicoccus sp.）m-60产IAA效果较好,m-53、m-60及二者混合菌剂的最佳培养时间分别为24、48和48h,其对应的IAA产量分别为98、41和141mg/L。与对照相比,单一菌和混合菌剂均能促进烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长,尤以混合菌剂的效果最佳。m-53和m-60可单独施用或混合施用均作为烟草微生物肥料的备选资源。 相似文献
7.
8.
为发掘对蛴螬有防治作用的苏云金芽孢杆菌及其cry基因,在河北省各县市共采集土壤样品254份,采用温度筛选法分离出Bt菌株42株,经PCR-RFLP方法鉴定,其中10株含有cry8型基因。这些菌株有如下特点：同一菌株含1种或多种质粒;PCR-RFLP鉴定证明有多种cry8基因存在,多数菌株中含2种cry8基因,如cry8E和cry8F常共存于同一菌株中;Cry8杀虫晶体蛋白分子量约为130~140 kDa,晶体形态均为球形。这10株菌采样地点分布于保定、衡水、邯郸、廊坊、唐山和邢台等地,植被类型多样化,说明cry8型Bt菌株在河北省分布广泛,可为蛴螬类害虫的防治提供丰富的Bt资源。 相似文献
9.
烟草黑胫病拮抗细菌复合菌株的筛选与防治效果评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从烟草根际土壤中筛选对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)具有拮抗作用的细菌,并对拮抗菌株进行复配筛选,以期为烟草黑胫病的生物防治提供高效生防资源。从贵州省毕节市、四川省泸州市种植烟草的田地采集根际土壤样品,平板稀释法分离土壤细菌,平板对峙试验筛选对烟草黑胫病菌有拮抗作用的菌株,相容性试验测定亲和性较好的菌株组合,对获得的菌株和复配菌株进行进一步盆栽和大田试验,测定其对黑胫病的防治效果,并对拮抗效果较好的菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定。在采集到的17份土壤样品中共分离到247株细菌,初筛获得19株对烟草黑胫病菌有拮抗作用的菌株,相容性测定筛选出6株亲和性较好的拮抗细菌B3和B64、B41和B57以及L7和L47。进一步的抑菌、盆栽和大田试验表明以复配菌株B41B57和L7L47抑菌效果最佳,盆栽试验防治效果分别达到75.72%和77.95%,大田试验中防治效果分别达67.99%和71.40%,且复配菌株抑菌效果高于单一菌株。16S rDNA序列分析鉴定拮抗细菌B41为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),L7、L47为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens),B57为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。复配菌株B41B57和L7L47对烟草黑胫病具有良好的防治效果,可作为烟草黑胫病生物防治的有效生防资源。 相似文献
10.
为了解决粤北烟区烟草上主要害虫对烟草的危害问题,以烟草上烟蚜、烟青虫和斜纹夜蛾为试验材料,采用田间系统调查方法对上述主要害虫及其天敌种群进行了研究。通过3年连续田间调查,确定广东南雄烟区主要害虫为烟蚜、烟青虫和斜纹夜蛾;烟蚜种群发生规律呈现双峰型,烟田烟青虫成虫和幼虫1年有多个发生峰值,斜纹夜蛾幼虫在烟叶生产季节有2个发生高峰期。烟田优势寄生性天敌有寄生于烟蚜的烟蚜茧蜂和寄生于烟青虫幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂及寄生于斜纹夜蛾的侧沟茧蜂;优势捕食性天敌主要有龟纹瓢虫、七星瓢虫、中华草蛉、红彩真猎蝽、烟盲蝽、狭带食蚜蝇和青翅隐翅虫等,其中红彩真猎蝽不仅捕食烟蚜,还捕食烟青虫和斜纹夜蛾幼虫,具有较好的研究价值和应用前景。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献