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1.
为了满足细菌素的市场需求,降低生产成本,筛选高产细菌素菌株并应用于食品生产成为当前研究的重点。本研究从东北自然酸菜发酵液中分离筛选出一株高产细菌素的乳酸菌11MZ-5-2,发酵48 h时,细菌素含量达到(344.47±5.50)IU/m L。采用生理生化及分子生物学方法鉴定该菌株,并构建系统发育树。结果表明:菌株11MZ-5-2为革兰氏阳性细菌,杆状,无芽胞,最适生长温度为30~37℃,耐盐范围为0%~10%,最适pH 5.5~6.5,主要脂肪酸组分为C16:0、C18:0和C18:1。16S r DNA部分序列长度为1446 bp,与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)IDCC 3501相似性最大,达99%,将该菌株命名为L.plantarum 11MZ-5-2。菌株L.plantarum 11MZ-5-2可作为发酵剂或将细菌素产物应用于食品中,可以有效地防止杂菌污染,延长食品保质期。 相似文献
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3.
碱性木聚糖酶广泛用于造纸、纺织等领域。为筛选出高产碱性木聚糖酶的菌株,采用刚果红显色法,从山西省晋城市植物园土壤中筛选出一株碱性木聚糖酶产生菌株YH158,通过形态鉴定及16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。经发酵条件单因素优化及4因素3水平正交试验分析,确定了最佳的产酶培养基配方:麸皮5.0%、黄豆粕0.7%、硫酸锰0.1%。最佳培养条件:培养基初始p H 8.0,转速180 r/min,37℃发酵36 h,通过发酵条件的优化最终得到发酵液酶活为28.18 IU/m L。该菌产生的木聚糖酶具有较高的碱性适应性,水解产物富含2~5个木糖分子的低聚木糖,具有较高的工业应用前景。 相似文献
4.
《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(13)
蛋白酶在食品、医药、饲料、洗涤剂等行业中应用广泛。利用酪素培养基从牛粪中筛选出一株产蛋白酶的菌株2021-9,对其进行形态学鉴定、生理生化鉴定、16S r DNA鉴定,并对其生长条件及产酶情况进行探究。结果表明,筛选出的菌株属于Serratia属;该菌株最适生长的碳源为0.3%蔗糖,氮源为2%酵母粉,pH值8.7,温度为37℃。该菌株的最适发酵培养基组成为3.2%麸皮,3%黄豆粉,4%玉米粉,0.4%Na_2HPO_4,0.03%KH_2PO_4,最大酶活达到29.834 U/m L,为产蛋白酶菌株筛选的开发与应用提供了一定的研究基础。 相似文献
5.
为了获得1株高效转化木糖为木糖醇的酵母菌株,利用从土壤中筛选的酵母菌株转化玉米芯水解液生产木糖醇,经HPLC测得木糖醇产量,对筛选的具有产木糖醇能力的酵母菌株DQ11进行形态学的初步鉴定及26S rDNA序列分析,并以序列同源性为基础构建相关属种的系统发育树。结果表明,该菌株发酵48 h后木糖醇产量为3.34 g/L。同源性分析结果表明,分离株DQ11与季也蒙毕赤酵母菌处于同一进化分支中,相似性达99%以上,因此将筛选的高产木糖醇分离株DQ11鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母菌。 相似文献
6.
为了获得1株高效转化木糖为木糖醇的酵母菌株,利用从土壤中筛选的酵母菌株转化玉米芯水解液生产木糖醇,经HPLC测得木糖醇产量,对筛选的具有产木糖醇能力的酵母菌株DQ11进行形态学的初步鉴定及26S rDNA序列分析,并以序列同源性为基础构建相关属种的系统发育树。结果表明,该菌株发酵48 h后木糖醇产量为3.34 g/L。同源性分析结果表明,分离株DQ11与季也蒙毕赤酵母菌处于同一进化分支中,相似性达99%以上,因此将筛选的高产木糖醇分离株DQ11鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母菌。 相似文献
7.
通过牛津杯法,从250株分离自开菲尔颗粒的乳酸菌中筛选出1株有较好抑菌活性的菌株,通过对个体特征、生理生化试验、16SrDNA序列对比,确定此株菌为乳酸乳球菌,命名为L11。在排除有机酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌还有抑菌活性,该菌株经过胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后,发酵液的抑菌活性没有明显变化,说明抑菌物质为非蛋白成分,属于类细菌素,它具有较好的热稳定性,对蛋白酶不敏感,且具有较广的抗菌谱。 相似文献
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乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria,LAB)能够合成具有多种功能特性的胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS),其通常具有改善乳制品的风味,抗癌、抗氧化和益生特性等功能。然而LAB EPS的产量较低,限制了EPS的工业化生产应用。为了提高EPS的产量,促进其商品化发展,优化菌株产EPS的发酵条件至关重要。本研究利用单因素试验的方法优化乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)J1发酵产EPS的最佳条件。研究表明：菌株在70 g/L蔗糖、14 g/L牛肉膏、3.5 g/L柠檬酸铵、4 g/L无水乙酸钠、4.00%接种量、培养温度35℃、p H 5.5和160 r/min摇床转速条件下,EPS产量最高,为(72.66±0.02)g/L。本研究通过单因素实验显著提高了P. acidilactici J1的EPS产量,是优化前的4.76倍,为乳酸菌EPS的工业化大规模生产奠定了坚实的理论基础。 相似文献
9.
高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选与初步鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乳酸菌胞外多糖具有良好的功能特性。利用菌落拉丝法,从自然发酵的酸菜和鲜奶中筛选出1株高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌L3,经苯酚—硫酸法进一步鉴定,得出其产胞外多糖能力与菌落拉丝长度成正比。通过生理生化和糖发酵试验,初步鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。 相似文献
10.
为获得高温高效分解茶渣的菌株。利用高温特殊生境分离方法,从废弃茶渣中分离到有分解茶渣作用的5株菌,其中Fb菌株产生的蛋白酶、纤维素酶的活力均最高。经形态学、生理生化特性以及生长特性等研究,并克隆Fb菌株的16S rDNA基因序列和gyrB基因序列,进行系统发育学分析。结果表明,Fb属贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),可耐受55℃的高温。最适生长条件为：装液量30 mL、摇床转速分120 r/min、培养温度42~45℃、初始pH 5.0~7.0、培养时间16 h、盐度1.0%~6.0%。本研究首次在茶渣中分离筛选出贝莱斯芽抱杆菌,为茶渣开发研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献