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1.
为了评价青蒿素(artemisinin,ART)和癸氧喹酯(decoquinate,DQ)对球虫病的预防作用,选用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)的孢子化卵囊(6×104个/只)接种15日龄仔鸡制备球虫病模型,将肉鸡分为空白对照组、感染对照组、ART处理组、DQ处理组以及联合用药(ART+DQ)处理组,进行相对增重率、存活率、盲肠病变、卵囊数及抗球虫指数(anticoccidial index,ACI)的记录和测定。结果显示:感染对照组出现少量死亡,盲肠病变严重,增重率较低;药物处理组盲肠病变情况明显改善,和感染对照组比增重率明显升高,其中ART+DQ组显著升高(P0.05);盲肠组织HE染色结果趋势一致;ART、DQ以及ART+DQ组的ACI分别为157.2,186.6和205.5。结果表明:ART对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的预防效果不如DQ,两者联合应用具有明显协同作用。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨癸氧喹酯与妥曲珠利抗斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株的效果,试验将40只无球虫感染的獭兔随机分为4组,第Ⅰ组为癸氧喹酯组、第Ⅱ组为妥曲珠利组、第Ⅲ组为感染不用药组、第Ⅳ组为不感染不用药组。第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组于感染前第3天用药至试验结束。第Ⅰ~Ⅲ组每只獭兔人工感染斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株孢子化卵囊1×105个,统计各组存活率、卵囊排出量、平均增重、饲料转化率、病变记分。结果表明:第Ⅱ组在卵囊排出量、平均增重、病变记分方面均优于第Ⅰ组。说明妥曲珠利可用于预防控制洛阳地区兔肝球虫病。  相似文献   

3.
为掌握鸡场球虫抗药程度,以便制定合理用药方案,采集福建省莆田市某鸡场盲肠球虫,进行柔嫩艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离和纯化;采用鸡体试验法,设立5个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以病变记分减少率(Reduction of lesion sores,RLS)、抗球虫指数(Anticoccidial index,ACI)、相对盲肠卵囊产量(Relative at oocyst production,ROP)和最适抗球虫活性百分率(Percent of optimum anticoccidial activity,POAA)4项为指标,检测该球虫对癸氧喹酯、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利、二硝托胺和氯苯胍等5种常用抗球虫药的抗药性。结果表明:该虫株对癸氧喹酯敏感,对地克珠利、二硝托胺和氯苯胍具有完全抗药性,对尼卡巴嗪为中度抗药性,说明目前莆田市球虫抗药性非常严重,癸氧喹酯可用于抗球虫病,其他药物应慎用或暂停使用。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨托曲珠利和癸氧喹酯对犊牛球虫病治疗性预防的效果,根据用药前所测球虫感染情况,将未使用抗球虫药物治疗且体重无差异的72头3月龄犊牛分为癸氧喹酯组、托曲珠利组和对照组。分别在用药后第0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、84、112、196天监测并分析犊牛粪便中球虫卵囊数量变化和犊牛体重变化。结果表明：癸氧喹酯组、托曲珠利组中犊牛球虫卵囊排出率和排出量均显著低于对照组犊牛球虫。癸氧喹酯组犊牛在连续用药后19 d无卵囊排出;托曲珠利组犊牛7～28 d内卵囊排出率为4.17%,28～49 d内卵囊排出率为8.33%。癸氧喹酯连用30 d后药物持效期为19 d,托曲珠利单次用药后药物持效期为49 d。药物治疗组的犊牛平均体重的增长速度均显著高于对照组（p<0.05）,托曲珠利组犊牛体重相较于癸氧喹酯组犊牛体重无差异（p>0.05）。说明托曲珠利和癸氧喹酯药物均能有效治疗性预防犊牛球虫病,其中癸氧喹酯药物治疗性预防的周期为19 d,托曲珠利药物治疗性预防的周期为49 d。  相似文献   

5.
柔嫩艾美球虫常州株对5种抗球虫药的抗药性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)常州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立5个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪、癸氧喹酯5种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及用药对策。结果表明,该虫株对癸氧喹酯敏感,对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪具有完全抗药性,提示目前常州地区球虫抗药性非常严重,癸氧喹酯抗球虫疗效最好,其他药物应合理使用、应慎用、减少或暂停使用。  相似文献   

6.
青蒿素与抗菌增效剂联合抗鸡球虫效果评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨青蒿素(ART)与二甲氧苄啶(DVD)或三甲氧苄啶(TMP)联合用药对鸡球虫病的防治效果,选用84只黄羽肉鸡,分为7组,除空白组外,其他试验组每只鸡经口接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊8×10~4个,各试验组在接种前一天开始用药至试验结束。通过鸡平均日增重、盲肠病变记分、血便记分、抗球虫指数(ACI)、免疫器官指数等指标来评价ART与DVD或TMP联合用药的抗球虫效果。结果表明ART与DVD或TMP联合用药明显减轻了血便记分和盲肠病变,且平均日增重极显著高于感染对照组(P0.01),也明显高于ART、DVD和TMP单独给药组(P0.05)。表明ART与两种抗菌增效剂联合应用在抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染时有增效作用。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨青蒿散对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)的防治效果,本试验选取90只健康黄羽肉鸡,分为6组,除空白对照组外,其余各组(感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组)试验鸡均经口感染6×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,各试验组在接种前一天开始用药至试验结束。记录各组试验鸡的眼观病变、组织病理学检查、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、血便记分、每克粪便中的卵囊数(OPG)、卵囊值及抗球虫指数(ACI)指标,评价青蒿散不同给药浓度的抗球虫效果。结果显示,空白对照组、感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组的抗球虫指数分别为200.00、72.23、157.19、82.89、125.32和137.06,与感染对照组相比,药物对照组和青蒿散各剂量组的眼观病变、组织病理学检查均有所缓解,青蒿散能减轻病鸡盲肠的肿胀和出血等症状,且病鸡精神状态较感染对照组好;与感染对照组相比,各给药组的平均增重均有所升高,盲肠病变、卵囊值及血便情况减少。综上所述,青蒿散能缓解柔嫩艾美耳球虫侵染鸡盲肠所致的病理症状和组织病变,减少粪便中卵囊的排出数量,有一定的抗球虫效果,且给药浓度越高抗球虫效果越好,具有剂量依赖性。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨青蒿散对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E.tenella）的防治效果,本试验选取90只健康黄羽肉鸡,分为6组,除空白对照组外,其余各组（感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组）试验鸡均经口感染6×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,各试验组在接种前一天开始用药至试验结束。记录各组试验鸡的眼观病变、组织病理学检查、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、血便记分、每克粪便中的卵囊数（OPG）、卵囊值及抗球虫指数（ACI）指标,评价青蒿散不同给药浓度的抗球虫效果。结果显示,空白对照组、感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组的抗球虫指数分别为200.00、72.23、157.19、82.89、125.32和137.06,与感染对照组相比,药物对照组和青蒿散各剂量组的眼观病变、组织病理学检查均有所缓解,青蒿散能减轻病鸡盲肠的肿胀和出血等症状,且病鸡精神状态较感染对照组好;与感染对照组相比,各给药组的平均增重均有所升高,盲肠病变、卵囊值及血便情况减少。综上所述,青蒿散能缓解柔嫩艾美耳球虫侵染鸡盲肠所致的病理症状和组织病变,减少粪便中卵囊的排出数量,有一定的抗球虫效果,且给药浓度越高抗球虫效果越好,具有剂量依赖性。  相似文献   

9.
穿心莲作为清热解毒类中药,具有抑制炎症、抗感染等药理活性,其对鸡球虫感染所致肠道炎症的作用尚不清楚。本文以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)接种制作雏鸡球虫感染模型,在接种前1d至接种后6d连续口服给予不同剂量的穿心莲片剂(50mg,100mg,200mg)。试验结果表明,200mg组中感染鸡的血便排出推迟了1d,且明显降低了血便记分和粪便卵囊排出量,盲肠病变记分也相应降低。对E.tenella感染引起的增重以及中枢免疫器官(胸腺、法氏囊)指数的下降有回升作用,且表现出一定的剂量效应。不同剂量组的抗球虫指数均低于160。这说明穿心莲片能减轻雏鸡E.tenella的感染程度,但未达到中效抗球虫药的疗效。  相似文献   

10.
癸氧喹酯抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探讨癸氧喹酯抗球虫机理,本试验选用1日龄的艾维因肉鸡90羽,随机分为3组,分别为非攻虫对照组(CK1组)、攻虫对照组(CK2组)和处理组(Dec组,饲粮中添加500mg/kg癸氧喹酯),每组3个重复,每个重复10羽,17日龄攻虫,攻虫量为孢子化卵囊5×104个/羽,24日龄全部宰杀。结果表明:Dec组鸡平均增重显著高于CK2组(P<0.05),卵囊减少31.87%(P<0.01),盲肠病变计分较CK2组降低58.3%(P<0.01),ACI较CK2组显著提高了18.5%(P<0.01);Dec组IFN-γ、IgG、TNF-α含量、CD4+/CD8+值较CK2组分别显著提高了53.87%(P<0.01)、14.6%(P<0.05)、21.76%(P<0.01)、42.2%(P<0.05),sIgA含量提高了近29倍(P<0.01)。结果表明,癸氧喹酯能抑制鸡球虫在体内的繁殖,改善由鸡球虫造成的盲肠病变,激活肉仔鸡免疫系统。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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