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1磷和钙
磷在奶牛机体中主要是参与中间物质的代谢．是营养物质吸收与酶活性不可缺少的元素。当奶牛体内磷含量不足时,奶牛对传染病的抵抗能力显著下降,采食量大大减少,胡萝卜素转化成维生素A的能力下降,甚至造成不孕。如果奶牛日粮中缺乏50％的磷,奶牛不孕率增加40％。奶牛日粮中缺磷,往往造成奶牛卵泡萎缩,屡配不孕,或中途流产,或产下弱体质犊牛。但如果奶牛日粮中磷含量过高,也会抑制奶牛的繁殖机能。这是由于磷含量过高造成锰含量不足引起的。当奶牛日粮中磷钙比小于1．5：1时,就会导致奶牛受胎率下降,出现难产,同时还容易导致奶牛发生子宫输卵管炎;当奶牛日粮中磷、钙比大于4：1时,奶牛的繁殖指数明显下降,导致奶牛发生阴道炎或子宫脱出、乳腺炎或产后瘫痪。实践表明,奶牛日粮中的磷、钙比一般以1．5：1～2：1效果最好。 相似文献
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矿物质元素与奶牛的繁殖机能 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冯国民 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2006,(6):53-53
磷在奶牛机体中主要是参与中间物质的代谢，是营养物质吸收与酶活性不可缺少的元素。当奶牛体内磷含量不足时，奶牛对传染病的抵抗能力显著下降，采食量大大减少，胡萝卜素转化成维生素A的能力下降，甚至造成不孕。如果奶牛日粮中缺乏50％的磷，奶牛不孕率增加40％。奶牛日粮中缺磷，往往造成奶牛卵泡萎缩，屡配不孕，或中途流产，或产下弱体质犊牛。但如果奶牛日粮中磷含量过高，也会抑制奶牛的繁殖机能。这是由于磷含量过高造成锰含量不足引起的。当奶牛日粮中磷钙比小于1．5：1时，就会导致奶牛受胎率下降，出现难产，同时还容易导致奶牛发生子宫输卵管炎；当奶牛日粮中磷、钙比大于4：1时，奶牛的繁殖指数明显下降，导致奶牛发生阴道炎或子宫脱出、乳腺炎或产后瘫痪。实践表明，奶牛日粮中的磷、钙比一般以1．5：1～2：1效果最好。 相似文献
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(一)合理配合日粮日粮中钙、磷的配比对奶牛蹄影响很大.奶牛日粮中低钙还是低磷,都会引起骨质疏松.高钙高磷会对锌等元素起拮抗作用,而缺锌等元素会影响蹄的角质化,容易发生腐蹄,所以高钙高磷也会引起奶牛蹄病.所以奶牛日粮中钙、磷比要合适(钙磷比为2:1至1.3:1为宜).日粮中缺乏维生素D等微量元素,也是引起发病的主要原因,所以要保证喂给优质的粗饲料.精料喂量过多,特别是碳水化合物过多,引起瘤胃酸度过高,是蹄叶炎发病的重要原因;如果精料少,蛋白质比例偏低会导致蹄生长异常进而发生蹄变形、蹄裂等蹄病.因此合理的精粗比也是关键,奶牛的精粗比是随着产奶的不同时期而定.一般成母牛精粗为30:70,泌乳前、中、后期的精粗比分别为60:40、50:50、40:60. 相似文献
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宁夏利通区奶牛干奶期钙、磷盈亏状况调查 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在对宁夏吴忠市利通区 4个奶牛场和 10户养牛户进行奶牛干奶期钙、磷营养状况调查中 ,分别测定了饲料中钙、磷含量 ,奶牛干奶期血清中钙、磷、羟脯氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺素、降钙素含量。结果表明 :奶牛饲料中钙含量除小户基本正常 ,大户磷含量明显偏低 ,钙、磷比例失衡 ;散户日粮钙不足 ,小户钙、磷盈亏状况良好。血钙与碱性磷酸酶呈中度负相关 ,与甲状旁腺素呈中度正相关 ,相关系数分别为 - 0 .48(P<0 .0 42 )和 0 .48(P<0 .0 44 )。降钙素处于正常水平范围之内 ,平均值为 7.80± 8.16 pmol/l,95 %的置信区间为 3.75～ 11.86 pmol/l 相似文献
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(一)合理配合日粮日粮中钙、磷的配比对奶牛蹄影响很大。奶牛日粮中低钙还是低磷,都会引起骨质疏松。高钙高磷会对锌等元素起拮抗作用,而缺锌等元素会影响蹄的角质化,容易发生腐蹄,所以高钙高磷也会引起奶牛蹄病。所以奶牛日粮中钙、磷比要合适(钙磷比为2∶1至1.3∶1为宜)。日粮中缺乏维生素D等微量元素,也是引起发病的主要原因,所以要保证喂给优质的粗饲料。精料喂量过多,特别是碳水化合物过多,引起瘤胃酸度过高,是蹄叶炎发病的重要原因;如果精料少,蛋白质比例偏低会导致蹄生长异常进而发生蹄变形、蹄裂等蹄病。因此合理的精粗比也是关键,… 相似文献
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选择产奶量、胎次、分娩时间相近的荷斯坦奶牛12头,采用单因子随机分组设计,试验分A、B、C3组,A组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,B组为基础日粮+100g脂肪酸钙,C组为基础日粮+200g脂肪酸钙。每周测定一次血清钙、磷和羟脯氨酸的含量。结果奶牛血清磷和羟脯氨酸的含量差异不显著(P>0.05),添加200g脂肪酸钙,血清钙在4周后显著升高(P<0.05)。表明:脂肪酸钙不影响奶牛血清磷和血清羟脯氨酸的含量。在日粮中添加200g脂肪酸钙4周以后,有利于促进机体对钙的吸收。 相似文献
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饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋鸡组织中矿物元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在玉米—豆饼型基础饲粮中添加不同水平锌和钙,研究了饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋鸡不同组织中九种矿物元素含量的影响。结果表明,肝脏、胰脏和胫骨中锌含量对饲粮锌水平的反应比其它组织敏感。高锌饲粮使血液钙、镁、锰、铜和磷含量,输卵管磷和钾含量显著降低。高钙饲粮使血液铜,肝脏锌、铜、锰、镁、磷、钾和钠含量,胰脏铜含量,肌肉锌含量,胫骨镁、锰、铁、铜和钾含量显著降低,但使血液和肺脏磷含量显著提高。 相似文献
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<正>奶牛肢蹄病是奶牛四肢和蹄部疾病的总称,是危害奶牛生产的三大疾病之一,是影响奶牛寿命的主要因素。1发病原因1.1营养因素日粮中无论缺钙还是缺磷,无论是高钙低磷还是高磷低钙,都容易导致钙磷代谢障碍,从而引起奶牛肢蹄病。⑴缺锌:锌是许多金属酶类和激素如胰岛素的组成部分,与皮肤的健康有关,蹄是皮肤的衍生物,日粮中缺锌,影响蹄角化,容易发生腐蹄病。⑵维生素D不足或活性下降:维生素D不足或活性下降时,引起钙、磷代谢障碍。某些曲霉菌素中毒会干扰维生素D的活性,即使钙、磷充足 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献