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《中国牛业科学》2017,(2)
[目的]大额牛为我国地方畜禽遗传资源濒危品种,为了加强大额牛的保种力度,提高保种效率;本研究对影响大额牛精液质量的主要因素如采精方法、季节、个体遗传等进行了比较研究。[方法]大额牛用电刺激法和假阴道法采精,按照牛冷冻精液国家标准GB4143-2008的方法测定大额牛的采精量,精子密度,原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力,用程控冷冻仪冷冻大额牛精液。[结果]大额牛冷冻精液解冻效果较好,采精量为5.009±2.239m}(n=226),原精活力为54.184±15.760%(n=223),精子密度为7.207±6.387亿/mL(n=225),解冻活力为36.007±2.092%(n=136)。精子冷冻解冻复苏率达50%以上。大额牛电刺激采精成功率高。[结论]迁地保护条件下大额牛电刺激法采精获得很好效果,也能用假阴道法采精,精液冷冻解冻效果较好,有利于大额牛遗传物质的保存。 相似文献
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对大额牛HSL基因外显子Ⅰ部分序列进行PCR扩增、测序及氨基酸预测,并同其它牛种的资料进行了比对分析,构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明:大额牛其核苷酸序列与牦牛、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛间的同源性分别为99.6%、99.4%、99.2%、97.0%。相应的氨基酸序列大额牛与水牛的同源性为97.6%;与普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛的同源性均为99.4%,仅在第33位有1个氨基酸变异,即大额牛为异亮氨酸,而其它3个牛种均为缬氨酸,这是由该基因片段的第97位碱基发生转换(A←→G)造成的。从分子系统进化树看,瘤牛和普通牛先聚为一类,再依次与牦牛、大额牛、水牛相聚,这与传统的牛种分类结果一致。 相似文献
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[目的]为了对大额牛与其他物种间分子系统进化研究以及为大额牛群体遗传资源评价、保护与开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]本研究依据普通牛溶菌酶(lysozyme, LYZ)基因已知序列设计引物,用PCR的方法扩增并测定了大额牛LYZ基因的编码区核苷酸序列(444 bp),并与GenBank 上8个物种相应基因编码区核苷酸序列进行比对分析.[结果]大额牛与普通牛、人、猪、家鼠、沟鼠、猊猴、鸡、斑马鱼各物种在LYZ基因编码区核苷酸序列上同源性大小分别为99.3%、76.6%、 79.4%、81.8%、71.3%、68.2%、58.9%、50.5%,并分别采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)构建了大额牛与其他物种间分子进化树,并得到了基本一致的拓扑结构.系统发育分析发现大额牛与普通牛首先聚为一类,再与其他物种聚为一类.该系统聚类结果与动物学分类一致,表明LYZ基因适合于构建不同物种间系统进化树.[结论]本研究为进一步探索大额牛与近缘物种间分子进化,阐明大额牛的真正起源奠定一定实验基础. 相似文献
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云南主要地方牛种肌肉氨基酸营养特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首镒报道了云南主要地方牛种肌肉氨基酸测定分析结果。氨基酸总含量；云南瘤牛，中甸牦牛和大额牛均明显高于迪庆黄牛和中甸犏牛；必需氨基酸含量；云南瘤牛，中甸牦牛和大额牛均显著高于迪庆黄牛和中甸犏牛；必需／非必需氨基酸之比，大额牛，中甸牦牛和云南瘤牛均明显高于迪庆黄牛和中甸犏牛。 相似文献
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X. Gou Y. Wang S. Yang W. Deng H. Mao 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2010,127(2):154-160
There are hump, humpless cattle and gayal distributed in Yunnan province, south‐west China, but their genetic background remains unclear. To determine the origin and genetic diversity of Yunnan gayal and cattle (Diqing, Nujiang and Wenshan cattle), we analysed mtDNA control region sequences of 71 samples and SRY gene sequences of 39 samples, together with the available sequences in GenBank. The neighbour‐joining phylogeny and the reduced median network analysis showed that Yunnan gayal originated from the hybridization between male Bos frontalis and female Bos taurus or Bos indicus, and that Yunnan cattle mostly originated from B. indicus, also containing some hybrids of male B. indicus and female B. taurus. The phylogenetic pattern of Yunnan cattle was consistent with the recently described cattle matrilineal pool from China and indicated more contribution to the Yunnan cattle from B. indicus than from B. taurus. 相似文献
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中国牛亚科6个物种MSTN基因外显子2多态性及分化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用PCR扩增了6个中国牛种共101个样本的MSTN基因外显子2的编码区,序列分析显示,MSTN基因外显子2编码区含372个碱基对,在所检测样本中,存在10个核苷酸多态位点,定义了7种单倍型,雷琼牛、蒙古牛、独龙牛与巴音郭楞牦牛享有共同的单倍型;MSNT基因外显子2在6个牛种中多态性较丰富。结果表明:两水牛与牛属群体间分化明显;牛属群体中牦牛独自聚成一类;大额牛存在一个独立分支;雷琼牛与一部分独龙牛、大部分蒙古牛和瘤牛聚成一支,说明蒙古牛、雷琼牛、独龙牛种间存在着基因交流。牦牛与普通牛、瘤牛的分化较明显,亲缘关系较远;研究证实了水牛的属分类地位,一定程度上支持牦牛及大额牛划为牛亚科中单独的一个属。 相似文献
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Kazuaki TANAKA Tatsuya TAKIZAWA Hayato MURAKOSHI Tashi DORJI Maung Maung NYUNT Yoshizane MAEDA Yoshio YAMAMOTO Takao NAMIKAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):52-56
The mithun (Bos frontalis), synonymous with mithan and gayal, is considered to be a domesticated form of gaur (B. gaurus). However, there has been a controversy concerning its origin. In an effort to address this issue, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of 20 mithun from Myanmar and 13 from Bhutan were sequenced to trace its maternal origin. Seven cytb haplotypes were found in the 33 mithun, and the phylogenetic tree for these haplotypes clearly showed three embranchments involving five gaur types, a B. indicus type, and a B. taurus type. Sixteen Myanmar and 12 Bhutan mithun had gaur haplotypes, while a B. indicus haplotype was found in three Myanmar and one Bhutan mithun. The B. taurus haplotype was detected in a single Myanmar animal. These results demonstrated that the principal maternal origin of mithun was gaur and suggested that it was directly domesticated from gaur. However, some introgression of domestic cattle existed in current mithun populations. The presence of cattle mtDNA raised the question of how many cattle nuclear genes might have been integrated into the gene pool of mithun. 相似文献
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云南大额牛瘤胃微生物多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究云南大额牛瘤胃微生物多样性,本研究通过对大额牛瘤胃微生物宏基因组测序(总数据产出>3Gb)、分析、组装,共获得13546196个环境基因标签(EGTs)。在微生物分析时随机选用了10387566个EGTs(占总EGTs的76.68%)与NCBI的NR数据库进行BLAST比对,进行物种注释。结果显示,在分析的EGTs中,主要由细菌域、真核生物域、古生菌域及部分不能确定域归属的未知微生物构成,其中微生物主要属于10个门,94%的EGTs属于拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形杆菌门和放线菌门,拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门丰度最高,分别占总细菌的48%和42%。大额牛瘤胃中主要的纤维降解细菌为黄化瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌,分别占总细菌的1.60%、1.20%、0.86%和0.52%。本研究结果表明EGTs技术可用于分析环境微生物群落结构和解释微生物群落功能,对研究特殊环境中的微生物的构成具有重要意义。 相似文献
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ZHOU Xiong-yan WANG Song-ming GU Zhao-bing WU Xi-chuan LENG Jing MAO Hua-ming LI Qing FENG Li YANG Shu-li 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(5):1162-1168
In order to study the rumen microbial diversity in Yunnan gayals (Bos frontalis), we analyzed the diversity of microbes using largely assembled sequence data obtained by metagenomic sequencing DNA isolated from rumen samples of eight adult galyals. The genome primary sequence (total metagenome size was >3 Gb) was assembled with short reads.Based on the gayal rumen microbial metagenomic sequencing, we received a total of 13 546 196 EGTs. Because of the relatively large amount, 10 387 566 EGTs (76.68% of all EGTs ) were randomly selected to analyze microbial communities by BLAST search of the NCBI-NR database. Microbial species annotations analysis revealed that microbial communities from gayals rumen were mainly composed of the bacterial domain, eukarya domain, archaea domain and unknown microbial composition. The majority microbes mainly belonged to ten phylums, and 94% EGTs belonged to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, of which the highest abundance phylums were Bacteroidete and Firmicutes, accounting for 48% and 42%, respectively. In addition, the main cellulolytic bacteria in rumen of gayals were Ruminococcus flavefacie, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes. They accounted for 1.60%, 1.20%, 0.86% and 0.52% of the total bacteria, respectively. These results further indicated that EGTs data could be used to analyze and explain environmental microbial community structure and function. There was great significance to study the composition of microorganisms in special environments. 相似文献
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讨论了创新化学兽药的类型和特点，论述了创新化学兽药研究开发的理论和发展现状及趋势，提出了我国兽用化学药物研究开发的策略。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(2):244-251
The current research was conducted to determine the comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs. The research was carried out on 51 male and 102 female chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) aged 50 wk, which were raised at the Research and Application Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. In total, 244 spotted and 261 unspotted eggs were used in the research. The hatching eggs were stored at 75% RH and 13°C for 14 d. Thirty spotted and 30 unspotted eggs laid on the same day were used for the evaluation of egg quality characteristics. Egg weight, chick weight, egg weight loss during the hatching period, shape index, hatchability, and some egg quality characteristics were evaluated at the end of the research. Spotted eggs exhibited a higher fertility and hatchability, as well as a lower percentage egg weight loss and embryonic mortality when compared with unspotted eggs. No significant differences were observed between spotted and unspotted eggs for egg weight, chick weight, shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color green-red chromaticity (a*), albumen pH, and yolk pH. Spotted eggs had higher eggshell color a*, eggshell color blue-yellow chromaticity (b*), and eggshell strength, as well as a lower eggshell color light-dark chromaticity (L*), yolk color L*, and yolk color b* scores when compared with unspotted eggs. It was demonstrated that spots on the eggshells of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) improved their hatchability by affecting various quality characteristics of their eggs. It was concluded that spotted eggs are more suitable for hatching. 相似文献