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1.
Abstract. Two hundred and five isolates of Vibrio bacteria were obtained from diseased black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, cultured in Thailand during the period from February 1988 to January 1990. Ninety-six isolates of the bacteria were identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The others included 74 isolates of V. vulnificus , 18 isolates of V. alginolyticus , six isolates of V. fluvialis and 11 isolates of Vibrio spp. Comparisons of some characteristics of the bacteria studied are given. 相似文献
2.
斜带石斑鱼3种致病性弧菌的分子生物学鉴定 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
从患病斜带石斑鱼分离到3株病原菌EcGS020802、EcGS021001、EcGS020801,经常规生理生化鉴定均属于弧菌属的种类。为了进一步确定其分类地位,测定了3株病原菌的16SrRNA和HSP60(heat shock protein,HsP60)基因部分序列。16SrRNA基因系统进化分析表明,3株病原菌与哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌亲缘关系较近,相互之间同源性均大于98．6％,差异不明显。HSP60基因序列分析表明,菌株EcGS020802、EcGS021001、EcGS020801 HSP60基因序列分别与哈维氏弧菌(AF230934)、溶藻弧菌(Ab230931)、副溶血弧菌(AF230951)HSP60基因的同源性最高,依次为95．7％、99．8％和99．8％,而与其它弧菌HSP60基因的同源性均低于90．6％,3株病原菌相互之间的同源性低于91．0％。HSP60基因构建的系统进化树表明,EcGS020802、EcGS021001、EcGS020801分别与Vibrio harveyi、Vibrio alginolyticus、Vibrio parahaemolyticus聚类。综合上述结果,菌株EcGS020802、EcGS021001、EcGS020801可分别鉴定为哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌。结果表明,HSP60基因比16SrRNA基因更适合用于海水鱼致病性弧菌种问的分类研究。 相似文献
3.
An Epizootic of Vibriosis in Ecuadorian Pond-Reared Penaeus vannamei Boone (Crustacea: Decapoda) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Leone L. Mohney Donald V. Lightner Thomas A. Bell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(1):116-125
A massive ephtic of vibriosis, named "sindroma gaviota" (or sea gull syndrome = SGS) by local shrimp fanners, began in November 1989 and continued through May 1990 in nursery and grow-out ponds in a number of shrimp farms located in the Gulf of Guaynquil near Cunyaquil, Ecuador. The level of cumulative mortalities ranged from slight in some ponds to more than 90% in others. Examination of affected shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, led to the isolation of several closely related Vibrio species. The predominant species were identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus , and V. alginolyticus using the API-NFT system. Several of the strains exhibited a transient luminescence and some were positive for urease, an unusual trait for these species. Comparisons of the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns between farm and hatchery isolates from 1989–1990 and hatchery isolates from 1987–1989 indicate that the 1989–1990 pond isolates were not of hatchery origin. The epizootic coincided with the second year of a severe drought in Ecuador. Thus, the discharge of fresh water by the Guayas River was reduced and salinities and relative nutrient concentrations were elevated in the Gulf of Guaynquil. These environmental conditions were ideal for the increased growth of the causative vibrios in the estuarine waters and are believed to be factors that contributed to the 1989–1990 SGS epizootic. 相似文献
4.
为了解对虾养殖池中副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的耐药性和毒力基因的携带情况,2018年从山东4个地区的对虾养殖池收集分离副溶血弧菌,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法检测其对12种抗生素的耐药性,用PCR方法检测其携带耐热直接溶血素基因(tdh)和耐热相关溶血素基因(trh)的情况。从对虾养殖池共分离副溶血弧菌50株。药敏实验结果显示,副溶血弧菌对庆大霉素、硫酸新霉素和氨苄西林的耐药情况最为严重,耐药率分别高达98%、90%和86%,对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、头孢他啶等敏感性较高,耐药率分别为10%、10%和20%。88%的菌株具有多重耐药性。毒力基因检测结果显示,所有菌株均不携带tdh基因,4%的菌株表现为trh阳性。本研究表明,对虾养殖水环境中的副溶血弧菌对抗生素的耐药性较为严重,应加强副溶血弧菌的病原学监测,在养殖过程中合理使用抗生素,以实现水产养殖业健康发展。 相似文献
5.
从对虾养殖池中分离出1株编号为2013082515(简称菌株15)的菌株,以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)为指示菌,分析了菌株15对指示菌的抑菌效果及最低抑菌浓度,同时,分析了菌株15对其他7株弧菌的抑菌效果.结果显示,菌株15对3株指示菌均具有抑菌效果,对鳗弧菌、哈维氏弧菌及副溶血弧菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2.50×104、2.50×105、2.50×105 CFU/ml;对其他弧菌也具有一定的抑菌效果.采用注射及浸泡感染方法分析了菌株15对对虾的生物安全性,结果显示,在高浓度时,菌株15对对虾具有潜在毒性.分别用细菌全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法和16S rDNA序列分析比对法对该菌进行分类鉴定,表明菌株15为一株假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.). 相似文献
6.
Use of antibiotics for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp culture has caused several adverse impacts to the industry. This has resulted in the search for alternative environment friendly approaches to overcome bacterial infections. This study was conducted to investigate the use of beneficial bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Ten pathogenic bacterial species isolated from shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and Artemia cysts were tested for susceptibility to indigenous marine Bacillus subtilis AB65, Bacillus pumilus AB58, Bacillus licheniformis AB69 and compared with oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and bacitracin, which are common antibiotics used in Asian aquaculture. The Bacillus spp. were isolated from the local marine environment for bioremediation use in shrimp hatcheries and were proven to reduce total ammonium nitrogen. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were 90% susceptible to B. subtilis AB65, 70% susceptible to B. pumilus AB58 and B. licheniformis AB69 and 100% susceptible to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin but only 40% to bacitracin. Two representative isolates of the vibrio group, Vibrio alginolyticus VaM11 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus VpM1, when tested for competitive exclusion by a common broth method using the marine Bacillus spp., showed decreased viable counts from 10(8) to 10(2) cfu mL(-1). The results suggest that the action of the marine bacteria appears to be significant in protecting the host shrimp against pathogenic bacteria. In addition to the alternative use of antibiotics, the selected marine bacteria had additional bioremediation properties of reducing ammonia. 相似文献
7.
Zorrilla I Arijo S Chabrillon M Diaz P Martinez-Manzanares E Balebona MC Moriñigo MA 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(2):103-108
Bacteria isolated from an outbreak with moderate mortalities in farmed sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), in the south of Spain were identified as Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus. Only bacterial strains showing swarming were virulent in sole and caused mortalities in experimentally inoculated fish. However, the signs of the disease were only reproduced with V. harveyi. The intramuscular inoculation of the extracellular products (ECPs) of both species produced mortalities in inoculated fish and the appearance of surface ulcers in the case of V. harveyi. However, the inoculation of sublethal doses of ECPs to fish showed a protective effect against V. harveyi. 相似文献
8.
从某对虾育苗场2个育苗池中分别采集了发生摄食下降、活力降低及死亡率增高等症状的未知疾病的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)溞状幼体3期(Z3)和1期(Z1)的样品。用PCR检测白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病病毒(IHHNV)、急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌(VpAHPND)、桃拉综合征病毒(TSV)、传染性肌坏死病毒(IMNV)、黄头病毒(YHV)、虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)、偷死野田村病毒(CMNV)和虾血细胞虹彩病毒(SHIV)等9种已知病原为阴性。组织病理学诊断观察到肝胰腺小管上皮细胞内存在不明褐色团块。使用2216E培养基对致病菌分离鉴定,得到2株溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus),浸浴感染悉生卤虫(Artemia franciscana)幼体后的平均存活率分别为58%和83%。采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序方法对这2个溞状幼体样品中细菌16S rRNA基因的2个高变区(V3~V4)进行总细菌菌群的测序,分析揭示了未知病因病虾中细菌菌群的多样性和相对丰度,门水平上2个样品的优势菌群均包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),但相对丰度有显著差异;在属水平上相对丰度最高的均为弧菌属(Vibrio),在2个样品中的丰度分别为74.3%和60.5%,此外,Z1样品相对高丰度(21.9%)的属为黏着杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)。育苗管理信息及上述病例分析结果提示,该疾病可能是由于在过期存放的幼体饲料质量下降所致的营养障碍情况下,有一定致病性的溶藻弧菌条件性感染所引起的疾病。 相似文献
9.
从山东沿海的发病鲈鱼（Lateolabrax japonicus）分离到1株致病性哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi），从该菌的染色体DNA扩增出一条长约1．4kb的特异性片段。DNA序列分析表明，该克隆片段含有完整的1254bp溶血素基因，该溶血素基因与哈维氏弧菌VIB645的溶血素基因VhhA和VhhB的相似性分别为99．0％和98．5％；与副溶血弧菌（V．parahaemolyticus）热稳定性溶血素基因（TDH）的相似性为74．5％；与拟态弧菌（V．mimicus）、创伤弧菌（V．vulnificus）、霍乱弧菌（V．chderae）磷脂酶基因的序列相似性分别为57．4％、59．2％、53．0％；与最小弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌、霍氏弧菌（V．hollisae）、河流弧菌（V．tguvialis）、鳗弧菌（V．anguillarum）的溶血素基因的相似性仅为19．9％～24．8％。根据溶血素基因的保守区段，设计了1对特异引物。分析表明，该引物能特异检测哈维氏弧菌。其可检测的DNA最小量为0．001ng。用该方法对55株不同来源的患病鱼分离的疑似病原菌进行检测，结果检出8株哈维氏弧菌，检出率为14．55％，从健康动物中检出数占所检弧菌数的6．25％，海洋环境为10．53％，海水养殖环境为26．53％，表明哈维氏弧菌在不同的海水环境及健康海洋动物中普遍存在，在养殖水体中的数量高于其他海水环境。 相似文献
10.
溶藻弧菌相关分离株的分子及VITEK鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
哈维群弧菌是弧菌属的核心菌群,包括溶藻弧菌在内的6个种在表型和遗传型上均十分相似,要准确鉴定各种有一定难度。看家基因的研究及生化鉴定系统的出现为弧菌鉴定提供了多种方法,本文比较了16S rRNA基因、toxR基因和pyrH基因以及VITEK 2 COMPACT GN鉴定卡对溶藻弧菌相关分离株的分辨力。哈维群弧菌基因组内16S rRNA基因是多拷贝的,且拷贝间序列差异大于种间差异,不适用于种的鉴定。单拷贝基因toxR和pyrH序列种内差异均小于种间差异。基于toxR基因相似性比较可清楚地将18个疑似溶藻弧菌分离株和5个参比株归并到4个种;toxR基因系统发育学分析也显示,哈维群弧菌各种独立地聚类分支,且溶藻弧菌种内存在两个明显的聚类分支,说明两个分支的溶藻弧菌具有独立的进化方向。pyrH基因的相似性比较和发育学分析也得到类似的结果,但pyrH基因具有较强的保守性,因而分辨力稍低于toxR基因。VITEK 2 COMPACT GN鉴定卡在鉴定溶藻弧菌时也有一定的错误率,且鉴定谱较窄。因此,建议在实际应用中采用toxR基因比对作为溶藻弧菌快速鉴定的主要手段,可再选用pyrH基因对鉴定结果进行验证。 相似文献
11.
为研究三联特异性卵黄抗体对哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌的体外抑菌效果,通过制备哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌三联灭活疫苗,免疫蛋鸡。收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体并检测其效价、纯度和特异性。通过免疫荧光、扫描电镜和体外抑菌实验初步探究其制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体对三种弧菌的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,ELISA检测特异性卵黄抗体效价高达1:51200,并维持5周;SDS-PAGE对分离纯化的卵黄抗体分析显示,随着纯化步骤的进行,卵黄抗体中的蛋白杂带逐渐减少,纯度变高。免疫荧光和免疫印迹实验表明,特异性卵黄抗体与抗原的结合具有较高的特异性。扫描电镜进一步观察发现,相比非特异性卵黄抗体,特异性卵黄抗体处理过的弧菌,菌体互相黏附在一起,菌体细胞表面粗糙,细胞壁破损。在体外抑菌实验中,特异性卵黄抗体对弧菌具有明显的抑制效果,且抑制作用呈现剂量依赖性。综上所述,本研究制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体能够与哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌和副溶血弧菌发生特异性结合,通过体外实验发现,卵黄抗体通过凝集和黏附,破坏菌体细胞的完整性,从而发挥抑菌作用。 相似文献
12.
虾源哈维氏弧菌的致病性与生物学特性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是导致养殖对虾暴发弧菌病的重要病原之一。从我国南方养殖凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)分离、鉴定了10株哈维氏弧菌(Vh00947、Vh00949、Vh11011、Vh11014、Vh21217、Vh21218、Vh21220、Vh21229、Vh21231和Vh31487),分别肌注感染健康凡纳滨对虾后发现,菌株Vh21229致病性很弱,Vh00949其次,其它菌株毒力较强;对8种哈维氏弧菌常见毒力基因(Vh1、Vh2、Vh3、Vh4、tox S、hcp、zot和pap6)的检测显示,南方虾源哈维氏弧菌无论强弱毒株都很少携带zot、pap6、toxs和4种Vh基因(≤10%),表明这10个菌株的致病性与这7种常见毒力因子的相关度很低;hcp基因在所有菌株中均有检出,其中强毒株中检出率较高(50%),在较弱毒株(Vh00949)中也存在,表明hcp基因与这些菌株的致病性密切相关,但不是决定性因子。因此,这10株南方虾源哈维氏弧菌菌株的致病性差异应由这8种常见毒力因子以外的未知或未检测到的因子所决定。生化特征分析显示,所有菌株中只有弱毒株Vh21229不能利用D-甘露糖、蔗糖、D-海藻糖,而且只有其赖氨酸脱羧酶反应至阳性,而其它菌株均为阴性,推测导致哈维氏弧菌菌株生化特性改变的某种因子可能对菌株的致病性也产生了影响。药敏实验表明,10株哈维氏弧菌均对环丙沙星、氯霉素、恩诺沙星、美罗培南、头孢曲松、多西环素、头孢吡肟、诺氟沙星敏感,而对氨苄西林耐受性强,表明在虾类养殖过程中应当严格规范和控制抗菌药物尤其是青霉素类药物的使用。 相似文献
13.
本文探讨了应用哈维氏弧菌噬菌体对致病菌哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的特异性噬菌作用防治对虾发光病的必要性和可行性.实验表明:从对虾育苗场分离的对虾发光病致病菌哈维氏弧菌对46种抗菌药物的敏感性逐年减弱,1993年尚有28种敏感药物,其中中度以上敏感的有12种;而到了2003年敏感药物则只剩下9种,中度敏感的仅为头孢三嗪和壮观霉素2种,在养殖生产中常用的几种药物几乎都变为不敏感.在试验水体中添加该噬菌体可使哈维氏弧菌的数量减少2～3个数量级,可以相对减少对虾发光病的发生和虾苗的死亡.实验还显示试验虾苗的死亡与噬菌体的效价高低无关,而与加入的噬菌体上清液的有机质含量有关. 相似文献
14.
细菌性疾病是中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的主要病害,为全面了解病原菌种类,本研究对1999~2012年从山东、江苏、河北、天津等沿海地区养殖场发病鲆鲽鱼类中分离得到的124株优势菌株进行了16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析。将基因序列与GenBank核酸序列数据库进行相似度比对分析,结果显示,有83株与弧菌属(Vibriosp.)细菌相似度最高,11株与气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)细菌相似度最高,4株与爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella sp.)细菌相似度最高,26株为其他15种属的细菌。根据系统发育学分析结果,进一步将66株菌鉴定为16个种,优势种为溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(E.tarda)。选择其中的9株鳗弧菌和4株迟缓爱德华氏菌进行人工感染实验,结果显示,其中7株鳗弧菌和3株迟缓爱德华氏菌对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)有较强的致病性。研究结果可为阐明中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的流行病发生历史、病原种类、病原监测及疾病控制提供重要参考。 相似文献
15.
采用平板生长抑制法对鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergiikuntze多酚化合物各分级组分进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内各分级组分对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、沙蚕弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和四联微球菌等受试菌株均有抑菌活性。其中,分级组分I(Mr5.0×103)的抑菌效果优于其他组分,对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和沙蚕弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为900μg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC值为1 800μg/ml,对四联微球菌的MIC值为3 600μg/ml。另外,组分I(Mr5.0×103)显示出较好的热稳定性,在pH 3~4时对受试菌的抑菌活性最强。 相似文献
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Abstract. Sixty-eight strains of Vibrio anguillarum , five of V. ordalii and the type strains of V. alginolyticus, V. carchariae, V. damsela and V. parahaemolyticus were compared using the API 20E gallery. Within the V. anguillarum strains, distinct groups could be separated mainly on the basis of their reaction on indole production and the fermentation of amygdalin and arabinose. Vibrio ordalii , the former V. anguillarum biotype 2, could easily be separated from V. anguillarum and from the other fish pathogenic Vibrio spp. 相似文献
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S Jayasree 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(4):359-365
Immune cells were identified and their interaction towards Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. anguillarum was studied in vitro in the penaeid shrimp, Penaeus indicus. Haemocytes were divided into agranulocytes, semi-dense granulocytes and dense granulocytes according to their morphology. Agranulocytes (100%) and 0.3–0.7% of granulocytes were actively involved in coagulation. Granulocytes were involved in in vitro phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign materials. Phagocytosis was enhanced by prior opsonization of bacteria with cell-free shrimp haemolymph. Semi-dense granulocytes were phagocytic towards V. alginolyticus with and without opsonization at the rate of 91.1% and 83.1%, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Granulocyte death observed after 2 h with opsonized haemolymph was 26.1%. About 64.5% of dense granulocytes and 23.2% of semi-dense granulocytes were actively involved in encapsulation, forming capsules. A spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay was used to demonstrate the production of superoxide anions (O2 − ) by shrimp haemocytes. All the Vibrio spp. were able to induce superoxide anions (O2 − ) during phagocytosis. Live Vibrio sp. induced O2 − production in haemocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Significant activity was detected with a 40:1 bacteria to haemocyte ratio ( P < 0.05 ). NBT reduction assay for measuring the post-phagocytic killing mechanism in shrimp haemocytes might be a valuable tool for monitoring shrimp health and immunological studies. 相似文献
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广西沿海文蛤及其生境中细菌菌群的初步调查 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对广西沿海文蛤及其养殖场的细菌菌群用ＶＩＴＥＫ微生物自动分析仪进行了初步检测，发现文蛤体内有腐败假单胞菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｐｕｔｒｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）、河弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｆｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ）、副溶血弧菌（Ｖ．ｐａｒａｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ）、溶藻弧菌（Ｖ．ａｌｇｉｎｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ）、非发酵性革兰氏阴性芽胞菌（ＮｏｎｆｅｒｍｅｎｔｉｎｇＧｒａｍ－ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）、假单胞菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｐ．）以及一些未知菌。从海水中亦经常检测到腐败假单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌、温和气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｓｏｂｒｉａ）等细菌。分析表明，副溶血弧菌可能为文蛤的一种病原菌。药敏试验显示．上述所有细菌几乎都对环丙沙星、庆大霉素和氯霉素敏感。 相似文献