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1.
本实验旨在建立复合预混合饲料中超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱(HPLC-Q-Exactive Focus/MS)测定157种非法添加药物的高通量筛查方法。通过构建非法添加药物筛查数据库并与样品中未知物信息进行比对，从而快速确定未知药物种类和含量。数据库包括磺胺类、喹诺酮类、β-受体激动剂类、硝基咪唑类、苯并咪唑类、蛋白同化激素类、糖皮质激素类、喹噁啉类、四环素类、抗病毒类、氯霉素类和真菌毒素类等12类157种药物的液相色谱条件及相关筛查参数。饲料样品使用50%乙腈水溶液超声提取，净化后过膜上机，正负模式扫描，TraceFinder软件进行定性筛查。结果表明：该方法可适用于复合预混合饲料中多种兽药非法添加的快速筛查，当药物添加浓度为50 ng/g时药物检出率为98.7%，药物添加浓度为100 ng/g时药物检出率100%。该方法可基本满足预混合饲料中非法添加药物的高通量快速检测需求，为实现多种药物高通量筛查提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

2.
建立了兽药制剂中喹诺酮类、磺胺类、孔雀石绿、金刚烷胺等26种药物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的快速筛查与定量方法。样品经0.2%甲酸乙腈超声提取，甲醇水(1∶1，V∶V)稀释10000倍后经LC-MS/MS测定。采用C18色谱柱分离，以5 mmol/L甲酸-甲酸铵与甲醇-乙腈(1∶1, V∶V)为流动相，梯度洗脱方式；质谱采用电喷雾正离子模式离子化，多反应监测模式(MRM)，外标法标准曲线定量。26种药物在0.1 ~10.0 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数r2均大于0.99。该方法检出限为0.01 mg/g，定量限为0.02 mg/g。兽药制剂中26种药物在001 mg/g~0.1 mg/g添加范围内，平均回收率为70.0%~101%，相对标准偏差(RSD) 为1.9%~8.8%。该方法简便快捷、准确度和灵敏度高，能满足兽药制剂中常规添加药物及禁用药物进行快速筛查和准确定量。  相似文献   

3.
建立了麻杏石甘口服液中喹诺酮类、磺胺类等17种药物的高效液相色谱－串联质谱法的快速筛查与定量方法。样品经甲醇超声提取，HLB小柱净化，0.1%甲酸溶解定容后经LC-MS/MS测定。采用 C18色谱柱分离，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相，梯度洗脱方式；质谱采用电喷雾正离子模式和负离子模式离子化，多反应监测模式(MRM)，外标法标准曲线定量。各待测化合物在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数r均大于 0.99。喹乙醇检出限为 10 ng/mL，定量限为25 ng/mL，剩余16种化合物的检出限为5 ng/mL，定量限为 10 ng/mL。各化合物在10、25、50 ng/mL(喹乙醇添加浓度为25、50、100 ng/mL)3个浓度水平下平均回收率在73.87%～116.43%之间，RSD为1.25～8.44%。该方法简便快捷、准确度和灵敏度高，能满足麻杏石甘口服液中17种药物进行快速筛查和准确定量。  相似文献   

4.
结合简单快速的前处理方法和超高压液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱串联质谱(UPLC-Qtrap)技术,建立了猪肉中92种兽药残留同时检测的高通量筛查和定量方法。样品经简单快速的前处理后,经Kinetex Core-Shell色谱柱分离,分析时间仅13.5 分钟。质谱采用多反应监测－信息关联－增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)采集方式及谱库检索技术,通过化合物的保留时间、离子对丰度比以及EPI标准谱库检索对比,可完成对92种兽药的快速筛查和确证。采用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明：在1～50 ng/mL猪肉基质匹配标准溶液浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数R2均大于0.990;方法定量限均为1 ng/g;在1~10 ng/g的添加浓度范围内92种药物的回收率为50%～120%,批内批间相对标准偏差均小于20％。  相似文献   

5.
为了检测中兽药散剂中喹诺酮类药物的非法添加情况,试验利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm)进行分离,以乙腈(A)和0.2%甲酸溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)扫描,电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI+),流速为0.4 m L/min,外标法定量。结果表明:4种喹诺酮药物在1~100 ng/m L浓度范围内,药物浓度与吸收峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)≥0.997。检出限为0.3 ng/m L,定量限为1 ng/m L。该方法可以同时定量检测中兽药散剂中是否添加4种喹诺酮类药物,具有快速、准确、灵敏、成本较低、节省时间、可以应用于高通量的实际检测样品等优点。  相似文献   

6.
建立了超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap)快速筛查和确证定量饲料中19种磺胺类药物的分析方法。饲料样品经乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(80:20,V/V)超声提取,Agilent SB C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。静电场轨道阱全扫描得到磺胺类药物的一级精确质量数与理论精确相对分子质量对比,相对质量偏差在0.006×10-6~1.252×10-6之间,有效去除了基质干扰,实现对饲料中磺胺类药物的快速筛查;同时建立了19种磺胺类药物的二级质谱数据库,实现对19种磺胺类药物的定性筛查及同步定量。19种磺胺类药物在0.1~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好r0.99,方法检测限为50μg/kg,回收率在59.61%~106.45%之间。  相似文献   

7.
试验旨在建立超高效液相色谱法同时测定预混剂中6种促生长类抗菌药物的检测方法。以乙腈-0.25%甲酸水溶液（50∶50）作为溶剂,采用超声提取法对样品进行前处理,以0.05 mol/L甲酸铵水溶液（用甲酸调节pH值至3.8）-乙腈作为流动相,采用梯度淋洗和C18色谱柱进行分离。结果显示,6种抗菌药物的检测限为1～10 mg/g,在制剂添加浓度为2～100 mg/g的范围内,利用试验所用方法检测得到的6种促生长类抗菌药物主成分的峰面积与制剂添加浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.999 4～1.000 0,平均回收率为92.2%～104.6%。研究表明,试验所用方法快速简便、准确可信、灵敏度高,适合预混剂中促生长类抗菌药物的检测。  相似文献   

8.
建立了基于超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)的动态多反应监测模式(d-MRM)快速筛查中药材地龙中7大类(喹诺酮类、磺胺类、糖皮质激素类、硝基咪唑类、抗病毒类、非甾体抗炎类、镇静安眠类)41种兽药残留的分析方法。样品采用QuEChERS提取,分散式固相萃取管(dSPE EMR-Lipid)进行净化,采用d-MRM采集模式进行定性和定量检测,外标法定量,41种兽药测定在各自线性范围呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R 2)均大于0.9917,检出限为0.1000~3.105μg/kg,定量限为0.3184~7.532μg/kg,3个添加水平的回收率为62.8%~112.3%,精密度为1.1%~8.9%。该方法前处理简单、重现性好、灵敏度高,适用于中药材地龙中41种兽药残留的快速筛查。  相似文献   

9.
顾欣 《中国兽药杂志》2015,49(10):32-35
为了建立同时测定猪粪便中二甲氧苄啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、恩诺沙星、金霉素、泰乐菌素5种兽药残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,样品经McIllvaineNa_2EDTA缓冲溶液提取,C18粉吸附杂质,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩富集后用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液复溶,过滤上机,基质液外标法定量。结果显示,5种兽药在10~500μg/kg的质量浓度范围内线性良好,在添加浓度50~500μg/kg,平均回收率为53%~85%,RSD为1.87%~18.81%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,能快速、准确测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留,为养殖环节实时监测兽药使用情况提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

10.
对猪、鸡、牛、羊粪污中同时测定7种磺胺类和8种氟喹诺酮类兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法进行了研究。样品采用2%氨化乙腈+0.1 mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液（50:50,V/V）提取,提取液浓缩后用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,HLB 固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩富集后用乙腈：0.1%甲酸水溶液（20:80,V/V）复溶,过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,上机,基质加标液外标法定量。结果显示,猪、鸡、牛、羊粪污中15种兽药浓度在1~100 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好（R2>0.994）。方法的检出限为20.0 μg/kg,定量限为50.0 μg/kg。在50、100、500 μg/kg三个添加浓度下,15种兽药平均回收率为60.5 %~115.5 %,批内RSD为1.2 %~17.6 %,批间RSD为0.2 %~17.6 %。该方法具有较好的准确度、精密度,能快速、高效、方便、准确地测定猪、鸡、牛、羊粪污中15种兽药残留,为进一步调查掌握我国畜禽养殖粪污中的残留兽药种类及残留量,提供强有力的技术支撑。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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