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【目的】 为推进中国食品安全监控体系建设及完善相关的法规标准提供参考,保障食品安全的同时提升中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场的竞争力,打破国际技术性贸易壁垒,促进国际禽产品贸易繁荣发展。【方法】 首先对比分析中国新发布的食品安全国家标准GB 31650－2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》及已废除的农业部公告第235号《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》中有关禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类和兽药最大残留限量（MRLs）标准;然后对中国新国家标准与欧盟和美国在禽肉、禽蛋的兽药残留种类区别和MRLs标准的严宽程度等几项内容进行了对比分析。【结果】 中国新国家标准对旧标准进行了一定程度上的补充与修改,大部分有关禽肉、禽蛋的MRLs标准与欧盟和美国的标准相同甚至更加严格,这标志着中国兽药残留标准体系进入了新阶段,但部分兽药的MRLs标准仍与欧盟和美国的标准存在一定差异,其中共有包括双氯西林在内的33种兽药的MRLs标准缺失或宽于欧盟和美国。【结论】 未来中国仍需结合禽肉、禽蛋的生产情况、兽药实际使用情况及人民消费升级的需求,进一步完善禽肉、禽蛋产品中兽药残留限量的相关标准,使其向国际标准靠拢,提高中国禽肉、禽蛋产品在国际市场上的竞争力,并对进出口产品中兽药的残留情况进行严格监控,防止其影响消费者的健康安全和禽肉、禽蛋的国际贸易发展。 相似文献
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Biotechnology and genetic modification (GM) related legislation is not yet fully developed in the European Union (EU). New legislation has been recently issued ('Introduction of GMO's in the environment') and recently proposals from the European Commission ('GMO's in food and feed' and 'Traceability and labelling of GMO's') entered the decision-making process in the end of 2001. The proposals for the establishment of the European Food Authority play a role in this respect. GMO legislation is complex not in the least because of the demands for the dossiers, to be submitted with an application, while these procedures for admission must become more transparent. In this paper the relevant legislation will be discussed with the exception of that related to human health. Because of dissatisfaction with the present legislation, the European Commission in the past years granted no new approvals for introductions on the market of GMO's and for GM novel foods. New legislation should suspend the present de-facto moratorium. The tasks and position of the Inspectorate for the Health Protection and Veterinary Public Health is discussed. A provision has been made in the legislation with respect to adventitious or technically unavoidable contamination of raw materials with GMO's up to a maximum of 1%, of which the enforcement is not yet watertight. The analytical methods are being still developed. 相似文献
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本文分析总结了欧盟2009至2019年来以猪、牛、绵羊和山羊养殖为主的畜牧养殖业发展动态及相应的兽药市场销售情况,并从欧盟兽药市场具体情况及其在全球兽药市场的地位角度进行了分析,认为欧盟兽药市场以驱虫药和疫苗为主,抗生素和其他兽药为辅。为国内兽药产业从业者了解欧盟兽药市场,以及国内外兽药产业对比提供了具体数据,有助于对国内外兽药产业进行全面的分析。 相似文献
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With the development of a uniform European strategy for the control of zoonoses the European Commission has placed the main emphasis on the protection of consumer health. This direction is clearly marked by the White Paper on Food Safety and the attached proposals for directives and regulations. The present article considers the peculiarities of the epidemiological situation of the agents Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in pork production. The situation of zoonoses in Europe is used as an opportunity to present the distinctive characteristics of these agents, results of epidemiological studies available, and the risk to consumer health in light of the literature. For the approaching transfer of the responsibility for food safety to the primary producers, i.e. the farmers, the most interesting data concern the prevalence, distribution and risk factors. But as there is a strong need for clarification of further questions about the main ways of entry of these agents on farms and into the production chain before a successful preventive strategy can be developed on pig farms, these issues are considered in more detail here. 相似文献
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P. Colangeli S. Iannetti L. Ruocco L. Forlizzi D. Cioci P. Calistri 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(2):182-188
In the framework of the international obligations subscribed by the Italian government, the Italian Ministry of Health should provide the European Union (EU) (European Commission, European Food Safety Authority – EFSA) with a set of data and information related to the report and the spread of zoonoses and to the activities put in place for monitoring and control of zoonoses. In 2008, the Italian Ministry of Health commissioned the Istituto G. Caporale (ICT) to implement an information system able to provide information and data on the monitoring and control of zoonoses in the national territory, in accordance with the national and community legislation. The system is part of the e‐Government process that involves all public administrations of the EU and refers to the use of information and communication technologies for the digital processing of documents in order to obtain simplification and interoperability of administrative procedures through the Internet, as defined in the strategic lines published by the National Centre for Information Systems in Public Administration (DigitPA) in 2009–2011. 相似文献
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A brief overview of food hygiene legislation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dwinger RH Golden TE Hatakka M Daelman W 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(8):294-298
Following several animal disease outbreaks and food contaminant scandals in Europe in recent years, the European Commission adopted the White Paper on Food Safety in 2000. This White Paper contains a number of recommendations aimed to increase food safety, improve the traceability of food products and regain consumer confidence in the food industry. To this effect a package of new European legislation on food and feed has been prepared with the following characteristics: responsibility of food safety lies with the food business operator, while the competent authority of the Member State verifies correct implementation of the new rules. Production should be based on good hygienic practice and HACCP principles and products are subject to microbiological criteria and temperature limits. The legislation deals with all food and covers the entire food chain ("from stable to table"). The general framework of the new food hygiene legislation is explained. The General Food Law (Regulation (EC) No 178/2002) is discussed in more detail as well as the Regulations concerning food hygiene. The characteristics and requirements of each one of the three Hygiene Regulations is presented (Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 and Regulation (EC) No 854/2004) with a particular emphasis on the changes in the new (horizontal) legislation as compared to the old (vertical) Directives. Implementing measures of the Hygiene Regulations have been published in the form of four Commission Regulations in December 2005. The implementing measures deal with technical issues often in great detail and became applicable at the same time as the Hygiene Regulations with effect of 1 January 2006. The major issues as laid down in the four Commission Regulations are presented. Finally, various guidance documents are mentioned. These documents are available on the Internet site (http//ec.europa. eu/food/food/biosafety/hygienelegislation/guide_en.htm) of DG SANCO and explain in plain language some of the topics of the Hygiene Regulations. 相似文献
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为便于中国兽药残留标准的改进和相关法规体系的建立提供参考,同时为中国畜产品贸易提供数据参考,保障人们的饮食安全,促进中国畜产品经济的更好发展,本研究首先对中国新国标GB 31650-2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》中规定的猪组织中兽药残留种类和兽药最大残留限量（MRLs）标准进行了简单分析;然后对美国、欧盟、日本和食品法典委员会（CAC）规定的猪组织中兽药残留种类和兽药MRLs标准与中国新国标进行对比,通过对规定兽药总数、中国没有规定而其他标准有规定的兽药种类、其他标准严于中国标准的兽药种类等几项内容的比较,找出差异。结果显示,中国新国标做出了更加详细的补充和修改;从整体上来看,中国规定的猪组织中兽药MRLs标准越来越完善,大部分标准与欧盟、美国、日本和CAC规定标准的差距也越来越小,然而在部分种类兽药MRLs标准的规定方面和这些国家或组织仍有一定的差距。中国需加强与各个发达国家和组织的交流与合作,推进中国的兽药残留标准的发展,加快对动物产品质量安全标准的更新。 相似文献
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Boireau P Vallée I Roman T Perret C Mingyuan L Gamble HR Gajadhar A 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,93(3-4):309-320
After the initial report in 1976 of a trichinellosis epidemic caused by the consumption of infected horsemeat, 12 other outbreaks have been described in Europe. Since the first serious human outbreak several experiments have confirmed the susceptibility of horses to Trichinella species and the rapid disappearance of specific antibodies in this host that prevents the use of serological methods for routine screening. A review of the distribution of parasite burdens in muscles of naturally or experimentally infected horses indicates that the tongue is the most likely sample to contain detectable numbers of Trichinella larvae in low level infections. Requirements for testing of horsemeat are specified in legislation of the European Union, and other recommendations are published elsewhere. The EEC directives have evolved into very specific requirements which specify the testing of at least 5g of tongue, masseter or diaphragm per horse using a pooled digestion assay. More recently, France has revised the requirement for sample size to 10g for horsemeat originating from countries with high prevalence of Trichinella. To address the continuing outbreaks of human trichinellosis due to infected horsemeat, the development and implementation of a quality assurance system for testing is being considered. 相似文献
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为规范适用《食品安全法》设立的行政拘留制度,本文从食品安全监管行政拘留的概念和特征入手,通过?与其他拘留方式比较,分析现行行政拘留程序实施的情况和主要问题。从食品安全行政拘留立法和程序性规范角度?提出完善的思路和建议。《食品安全法》法律责任部分设立的行政拘留行政处罚种类,对不构成犯罪的严重食品安?全违法行为,可以由公安机关实施短期内限制人身自由的处罚,需细化构建完善的程序规范,使法律制度落实到?位,维护良好的食品安全秩序。 相似文献
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Chiaravalle A. E. Mangiacotti M. Marchesani G. Vegliante G. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):149-152
Food irradiation is a preservation method that has been approved by the European Union for a limited number of foods or food products and within a limited range of doses. European Community legislation states that all foods or food ingredients treated in this manner and authorized for sale in the European Union must be clearly labeled, and that market-level inspections must be carried out to ensure compliance with this regulation. To improve detection of irradiated foods, we evaluated the efficacy of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for the identification of seafood that had been subjected to irradiation. Three fish species were tested: gilthead sea bream, cod, and swordfish. For each species, 18 samples of flesh-containing bone were analyzed after either irradiation at 0.5, 1, or 3 kGy or no irradiation (control). Induced radicals in irradiated samples produced distinct ESR signals that allowed differentiation from non-irradiated samples. Within the dose range tested, a linear dose-response relationship was observed (R 2 > 0.94). The gilthead sea bream displayed the highest radiosensitivity. The analytical procedure was validated and successfully used for the routine monitoring of locally marketed seafood. The main aims of the study were to develop a reliable tool for the enforcement of the proper labeling of irradiated foods and to obtain preliminary data on compliance with current laws in the Italian market.
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蒋仕伟 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2008,(3):6-8
当今世界，欧洲环境治理绩效突出。究其原因，环境政策发挥了指导性作用。而这对于环境形势目最严峻的中国具有十分重要的借鉴意义。文中对欧洲环境政策发展历程、原则及挑战进行了细致分析，以供相关研究机构和学者参考。 相似文献
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为探讨优化我国兽用生物制品支原体检验方法的可能性,本文从支原体检验方法、培养基种类及培养条件、培养基质量控制和检验操作方法四个方面,对中国、美国和欧盟兽用生物制品支原体检验方法进行系统比较,分析不同方法之间的差异及优劣。结果发现,与美国《联邦法规》第九卷及《欧洲药典》相比《中国兽药典》支原体检验方法有培养基种类及配方成分全面等方面的优势,但在培养基质量控制方法、检验过程控制、检验标准制定等方面还存在不足。正视这些差距与不足,提出改进和验证的方向,可为我国兽用生物制品支原体检验的优化提供参考。 相似文献
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欧盟建立动物源性食品中药理活性物质残留限量的程序法规研读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
欧盟EC470/2009号条例制定了建立动物源性食品中药理活性物质残留限量的共同体程序,替代EEC2377/90号条例成为欧盟管理兽药残留最核心的一部法规,对欧盟所有成员国有约束力。该法规对食用动物的用药进行严格管理,对动物源性食品中药理活性物质残留建立残留限量或行动参考点进行监控。研读该法规可以了解整个欧盟残留限量管理体系的运行,对我国残留监控工作有一定的启发。 相似文献
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Animal transport is an important activity of the farming industry. It is also the most controversial area of animal welfare. After presenting the current legislative framework in the European Union that protect animals during transport and the main enforcement difficulties, this paper considers the international, political and scientific perspectives that lead the European Commission to draft new rules in this regard. 相似文献
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通过分析欧盟的共同农业政策的经验与改革，阐述了欧盟的农产品政府补贴与高成本农业以及环境保护之间的关系；并结合当前我国新农村建设中的农民增收和政府补贴问题，提出我国的政策选择。 相似文献