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1.
从自然界腐朽的玉米秸秆中分离出黑曲霉、青霉菌株.通过紫外线诱变,筛选出纤维素酶活力较高的谤变株黑曲霉M6.300和青霉B5.270,黑曲霉M6.300的滤纸酶(FPA)活力为3.79 IU/mL,比诱变前提高15.90％;β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活力为43.85 IU/mL,比诱变前提高11.98％.青霉B5.270的FPA酶活力为8.81 IU/mL,比诱变前提高5.26％;羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活力为35.79 IU/mL,比诱变前提高7.93％.对里氏木霉、黑曲霉M6.300、青霉B5.270联合发酵玉米秸秆的接菌量的优化,结果表明,在里氏木霉、黑曲霉M6.300、青霉B5.270以5:3:3联合接种的发酵条件下,纤维素酶活力明显提高,FPA活力达13.85 IU/mL;CMCase活力达39.17 IU/mL;BG活力达46.79 IU/mL.  相似文献   

2.
为了研究里氏木霉以水稻秸秆为原料产生纤维素酶的发酵条件,试验前期首先利用单因素试验对影响里氏木霉发酵生产纤维素酶的生产条件进行研究,找出三个对发酵影响最大的因素,即温度、初始pH值和溶氧;接着通过响应面分析方法对选出的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:发酵温度为30℃,发酵pH值为4.77,发酵过程中溶氧为50%,纤维素酶活可达93.73 IU/mL。  相似文献   

3.
通过研究培养基料比、固液比、无机盐、接种量以及培养时间等单因素对M-112木霉固态发酵羊胃容物的影响,并采用正交实验设计优化了固态发酵条件。研究表明,M-112木霉固态发酵羊胃容物产木聚糖酶是可行的,影响产酶最主要的因素为接种量。优化的发酵条件为胃容物50%,玉米:麦麸=5:5,CaCl2浓度0.5%,初始pH值5.0,固液比1:3,每10 g干培养基接种量2 ml(孢子数1.2～1.6×108 cfu/ml),发酵时间72 h,发酵温度30℃。经优化后的酶活水平达到了138.504 IU/ml。较已报道的同种木霉的最高发酵酶活提高达3倍左右。  相似文献   

4.
以里氏木霉40359为出发菌株,对其进行紫外线、亚硝酸钠、硫酸二乙酯诱变,选育纤维素酶高产菌株。经过平皿初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到一株稳定性好的菌株YB40359,FPA酶活力达到57.31 U/mL,较原始菌株提高了87.12%;CMC酶活达到142.60 U/mL,较原始菌株提高了58.66%,且遗传稳定性好,可以用作饲用纤维素酶的降解菌。  相似文献   

5.
研究采用响应面法并以滤纸酶活力(filter paper activity,FPA)作为响应值对转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)Tu6-VHb菌株液体发酵产纤维素酶的发酵条件进行优化。根据单因素试验结果设计P-B试验,筛选出影响Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产酶的3个显著因素:吐温-80含量、发酵液体积(250 mL三角瓶发酵)、氮源浓度。用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,运用响应面B-B试验设计确定3个显著因素之间的交互作用和最佳发酵条件。结果显示,Tu6-VHb产纤维素酶的最佳发酵条件是:吐温-80含量0.39%,发酵液体积61.32mL(250 mL三角瓶发酵),氮源浓度0.87%。经优化后,Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产纤维素酶酶活力达51.72U/mL,与模型预测值51.94U/mL相近,较优化前该菌株酶活力(39.984U/mL)提高了29.35%,是未转入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)Tu6菌株酶活力(35.904U/mL)的1.44倍。  相似文献   

6.
研究采用响应面法并以滤纸酶活力（filter paper activity,FPA）作为响应值对转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6-VHb菌株液体发酵产纤维素酶的发酵条件进行优化。根据单因素试验结果设计P-B试验,筛选出影响Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产酶的3个显著因素：吐温-80含量、发酵液体积（250 mL三角瓶发酵）、氮源浓度。用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,运用响应面B-B试验设计确定3个显著因素之间的交互作用和最佳发酵条件。结果显示,Tu6-VHb产纤维素酶的最佳发酵条件是：吐温-80含量0.39%,发酵液体积61.32 mL（250 mL三角瓶发酵）,氮源浓度0.87%。经优化后,Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产纤维素酶酶活力达51.72 U/mL,与模型预测值51.94 U/mL相近,较优化前该菌株酶活力（39.984 U/mL）提高了29.35%,是未转入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6菌株酶活力（35.904 U/mL）的1.44倍。  相似文献   

7.
本试验对转入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉菌株(Tu6-VHb)与未转入该基因的里氏木霉菌株(Tu6)固体发酵产纤维素酶的能力进行了比较分析,并对Tu6-VHb菌株固体发酵产纤维素酶的培养条件进行了响应面优化研究。结果表明,Tu6-VHb菌株比Tu6菌株具有更强的产纤维素酶能力,其产纤维素酶活力提高了61%。通过响应面优化试验,获得Tu6-VHb菌株固体发酵产酶的最佳培养条件为:碳源配比(即麸皮与稻谷杆的比例)为2.89,营养液氮源配比(即尿素与硫酸铵的比例)为0.90,初始pH值为5.02。在此优化条件下进行固体发酵,每克培养基可以产纤维素酶123.81 U/g,与预测最大响应值129.61 U/g接近,且固体发酵产纤维素酶的活力较未优化前提高了3.08倍。  相似文献   

8.
拟康氏木霉固态发酵产纤维素酶系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以稻草秸秆为主要原料,利用拟康氏木霉3.3002(Trichoderma pseudokoningii 3.3002)固态发酵生产纤维素酶,对培养条件进行了优化,并系统地测定了各种纤维素酶的酶活.结果表明,最优产酶培养基组成为:稻草秸秆和麸皮的混合比例为4:1,最佳氮源为2.5%(NH4)2SO4,最佳发酵时间120 h,培养温度35℃,接种量15%,pH 5.0,培养基含水率50%.在此条件下,该菌株产纤维素酶系中羧甲基纤维素酶(Cx)酶活力达4700 U/mL,葡聚糖外切酶(Cb)酶活力达3440 U/mL,葡萄糖内切酶(C1)酶活力达到1620 U/mL,滤纸酶(FPA)酶活力达到1935 U/mL.  相似文献   

9.
本试验采用响应面法对里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的培养条件进行了优化。首先根据单因素实验设计Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响产酶的3个主要因素：玉米芯与甘蔗渣的碳源配比、牛肉膏与硫酸铵的氮源配比和发酵初始pH。在此基础上运用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用响应面分析法确定主要因子之间的交互作用及最佳培养条件。结果表明,里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的优化培养条件为：碳源配比即玉米芯与甘蔗渣比值为3.86,氮源配比即牛肉膏与硫酸铵之比1.17,初始pH为9.12。优化后,里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的酶活可达到342.98 U/g,与模型预测值353.43 U/g接近,比优化前的酶活提高113.91%。综上,影响里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶最重要因素分别为碳源、氮源及pH,三者之间相互影响,分别在碳源配比3.86、氮源配比1.17及初始pH 9.12时α-半乳糖苷酶酶活最大。  相似文献   

10.
本试验采用响应面法对里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的培养条件进行了优化。首先根据单因素实验设计Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响产酶的3个主要因素:玉米芯与甘蔗渣的碳源配比、牛肉膏与硫酸铵的氮源配比和发酵初始pH。在此基础上运用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用响应面分析法确定主要因子之间的交互作用及最佳培养条件。结果表明,里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的优化培养条件为:碳源配比即玉米芯与甘蔗渣比值为3.86,氮源配比即牛肉膏与硫酸铵之比1.17,初始pH为9.12。优化后,里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶的酶活可达到342.98U/g,与模型预测值353.43U/g接近,比优化前的酶活提高113.91%。综上,影响里氏木霉固体发酵产α-半乳糖苷酶最重要因素分别为碳源、氮源及pH,三者之间相互影响,分别在碳源配比3.86、氮源配比1.17及初始pH 9.12时α-半乳糖苷酶酶活最大。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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