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1.
为探明使用经氨基酸平衡后的酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化机能的影响,分别用酵母提取物替代饲料中15 %(B)、30 %(C)、45 %(D)、60 %(E)和100 %(F)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮、等能的试验饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾(6.328±0.630 g),以鱼粉含量为25 %的饲料为对照组(A)。饲养7 d后开始收集粪便,测定凡纳滨对虾对饲料的表观消化率。养殖试验结束后,研究酵母提取物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾消化酶的影响。试验结果:凡纳滨对虾对各组饲料均具有较高的干物质表观消化率(77.96 %~81.21 %)和粗蛋白表观消化率(87.19 %~92.82 %)；各替代组饲料的表观消化率均高于对照组,其中C、E和F组的干物质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率随酵母提取物用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)；凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中类胰蛋白酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪酶的活性随饲料中酵母提取物用量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)；肝胰腺中淀粉酶活性最高的为C组；各替代组凡纳滨对虾的肠胰蛋白酶活性均高于对照组。结果表明,以氨基酸平衡酵母提取物替代饲料中的鱼粉可以提高凡纳滨对虾对饲料的消化机能。  相似文献   

2.
饲料中不同蛋白含量对斑节对虾幼虾生长及消化酶的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
选用鱼粉、豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白为主要蛋白源,配置6个蛋白质水平梯度(36%、38%、40%、42%、44%、46%)的饲料,对斑节对虾幼虾(1.03±0.02 g)进行56 d养殖实验,研究饲料中不同蛋白含量对斑节对虾幼虾生长及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,(1)摄食40%蛋白饲料的斑节对虾的增重率(417.35%)和特定生长率(2.93%·d-1)获得最大值并显著高于36%蛋白饲料组(P<0.05),但与其它各组无显著差异。饲料蛋白水平在38%时的饲料系数(1.88)最低且与44%和46%蛋白饲料组存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)虾体蛋白含量在44%饲料蛋白组最高,且显著高于36%、38%和42%组(P<0.05)。(3)斑节对虾的蛋白质表观消化率在42%蛋白组最高,44%和46%蛋白饲料组的蛋白质效率显著低于36%～42%蛋白饲料组(P<0.05)。(4)随着蛋白水平的提高,斑节对虾的蛋白酶活性呈现由高到低波动的趋势;淀粉酶活性随着饲料蛋白含量的升高而呈下降趋势,胃淀粉酶活性在38%～42%蛋白饲料组显著高于36%蛋白饲料组(P<0.05),肠淀粉酶活性在42%蛋白饲料组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。通过饲料中蛋白质含量与增重率的回归分析,斑节对虾幼虾饲料蛋白的适宜含量为39.70%。  相似文献   

3.
几种植物浆养殖卤虫的饵料效果   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
黄旭雄 《水产学报》2000,24(3):254-258
以各种植物浆为饵料培养卤虫,培养效果差异显著,陆生植物优于水生植物.其中以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫成活和生长最佳,第16天时平均存活率(69.6%)和体长(6.436±0.956mm)与螺旋藻粉组相似(分别为66.0%、6.461±1.181mm)而优于酵母组(分别为29.8%、5.216±1.030mm).以黄豆叶浆养殖的卤虫的粗蛋白及氨基酸含量略低于酵母和螺旋藻粉喂养的卤虫,在高密度卤虫养殖中可替代部分螺旋藻粉,降低卤虫养殖的饵料成本.  相似文献   

4.
为探讨南极磷虾粉在对虾养殖中的应用效果,在对虾全价配合饲料中分别添加5%(S5组)、10%(S10组)、15%(S15组)和20%(S20组)的南极磷虾粉,配制成4种实验饲料,以全价配合饲料为对照(S0组),饲养体质量为(7.27±0.88) g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) 35 d,研究了其对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组分及体色的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加南极磷虾粉：1)可显著提高对虾成活率(P<0.05),添加比例为15%时,终末体质量(FBW)、体质量增长率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于S0组(P<0.05);2)逐渐提高粗脂肪含量,且S10、S15和S20组显著高于S0组(P<0.05),而头胸甲亮度值(L*)及身体处黄色值(b*)逐渐降低,均显著低于S0组(P<0.05);3)显著提高肝胰腺和甲壳中虾青素的含量,且与体色相关的LVPBP75基因的表达水平与南极磷虾粉添加比例呈正相关。研究结果初步表明,饲料中添加南极磷虾粉能够促进对虾生长,提高其体内虾青素含量和肝胰腺中LVPBP...  相似文献   

5.
不同饵料饲养的褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分的比较   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
比较分析了分别投喂小杂鱼和人工饲料的两组褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分,旨在为褐牙鲆的营养需求研究及其饲料研制提供参考。结果显示:摄食小杂鱼组的水分含量显著低于摄食人工饲料组(P<0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于摄食人工饲料组(P<0.05),粗灰分含量在两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);两组褐牙鲆的氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为71.15和70.47,其构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准。摄食小杂鱼组褐牙鲆中检测到11种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和9种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);摄食人工饲料组中检测到11种SFA、7种MUFA和9种PUFA。摄食小杂鱼组的∑ω3PUFA[(30.39±2.29)%]显著低于摄食人工饲料组[(34.40±3.32)%](P<0.05),其中小杂鱼组的EPA+DHA的总量为(29.27±2.33)%,显著低于摄食人工饲料组的(33.47±3.36)%(P<0.05);摄食小杂鱼组的∑ω6PUFA为(6.01±0.31)%,显著高于摄食人工饲料组的(5.06±0.37)%(P<0.05)。综合来看,两组褐牙鲆均含有丰富的各种营养成分,摄食小杂鱼组的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸营养较好,而摄食人工饲料组的多不饱和脂肪酸营养较好,两者各有优势。  相似文献   

6.
紫外光A波段(Ultraviolet A, UVA)是自然光的重要组成部分,具有一定的生态功能。本研究选取450尾体重为(9.56±0.10) g的凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)以光周期为12L︰12D的全光谱LED灯[光强(1.00±0.02) W/m2]作为背景光源,在不同UVA [光强(1.00±0.02) W/m2]补光时间(0 h, T0 h; 2 h, T2 h; 4 h, T4 h; 8 h, T8 h; 12 h, T12 h)下进行为期28 d的养殖实验。结果显示,在不同UVA补光时长下,对虾肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量无显著差异,T2 h和T4 h组的粗脂肪含量显著增加,T2 h组的粗蛋白显著高于T4 h组外的其他组(P<0.05),T8 h和T12 h组的粗脂肪显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),但两组间差异不显著;T2 h和T4 h组氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和赖氨酸含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为27.85%~40.70%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为10.63%~16.31%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为38.81%~49.61%,其在T2 h和T4 h组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),且在两组间无显著差异。综上所述,2~4 h的UVA补光时间能够改善凡纳滨对虾肌肉的营养成分。  相似文献   

7.
以强壮藻钩虾(以下简称钩虾)作为中国明对虾和日本囊对虾的天然饵料,以对虾人工配合饲料为对照研究钩虾对中国明对虾和日本囊对虾生长和抗病力的影响。对两种规格的中国明对虾[体质量分别为(0.33±0.0204)g和(2.07±0.184)g,分别记为SF组和MF组]和日本囊对虾[体质量为(0.25±0.018 1)g,记为SM组]分别投喂人工配合饲料和钩虾,养殖35 d。结果显示:(1)与人工配合饲料相比钩虾可以提高MF组和SM组对虾的特定生长率和SM组对虾的成活率;(2)钩虾可以显著提高SF组和SM组对虾血细胞总数(P<0.05);(3)钩虾可以显著提高3组对虾血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05)及SF组和SM组血蓝蛋白含量(P<0.05);(4)钩虾可以显著提高日本囊对虾溶菌酶活力(P<0.05);(5)钩虾可以显著提高FM组和SM组对虾酚氧化酶活力和超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05);(6)钩虾可以显著性提高SF组和SM组对虾血清过氧化物酶相对活力(P<0.05);(7)对虾健康指标总得分与其感染WSSV后的100%致死时间关系密切,两者之间呈现一定的线性关系(R2=0.948 9)。研究结果表明,钩虾与对虾人工配合饲料相比可以促进中国明对虾和日本囊对虾的生长及提高对虾抗病力。  相似文献   

8.
研究了饲料中添加酵母培养物(益康XP)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)制剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长、肌肉成分、蛋白酶活性和免疫功能的影响。在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加0.075%益康XP、0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌,饲养均重(5.57±0.21)g的凡纳滨对虾45 d。结果表明,添加0.075%益康XP、0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌分别提高凡纳滨对虾增重率17.24%、12.29%、20.18%,降低饲料系数14.28%、9.77%、12.03%,提高蛋白质效率16.49%、10.05%、12.98%(P<0.05);添加酵母培养物和芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉组成成分没有影响(P>0.05);0.075%益康XP组、0.100%益康XP组、0.200%芽孢杆菌组肝胰脏蛋白酶活性较对照组分别提高25.24%、15.22%、54.92%(P<0.05);各试验组肠蛋白酶活性与对照组相比有所提高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05);0.100%益康XP、0.200%芽孢杆菌组凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶活性、溶菌酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);攻毒实验表明,感染溶藻弧菌后,芽孢杆菌组对虾第1、3、4天的累积死亡率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),第4天时的免疫保护率达到27.1%,而添加益康XP对累积死亡率无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加酵母培养物益康XP和芽孢杆菌均能改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能和消化功能,芽孢杆菌能增强凡纳滨对虾对溶藻弧菌的抗感染功能。  相似文献   

9.
在室内养殖条件下,进行单因素随机设计动物试验,即5种饲料蛋白质水平（31%、35%、39%、43%、47%;以A～E组表示）处理,投喂平均体质量0.2 g的凡纳滨幼虾,养殖60 d。研究结果表明,蛋白质营养对凡纳滨幼虾生长、免疫与抗氧化指标和消化率特征影响显著。随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,特定生长率显著增加,饲料系数下降,E组两项指标最好,分别为5.52和1.96。高蛋白质含量饲料有利于提高对虾免疫指标水平,血淋巴中血细胞浓度、T-AOC活力、POD活力、溶菌酶活力、总蛋白含量,随着蛋白质水平提高显著增加,各项指标E组最高,比A组分别显著提高133.7%、21%、16.8%、20.8%、19.7%(P<0.05);而SOD活力C组最高,与A组差异显著。凡纳滨幼虾对蛋白质的消化率随饲料蛋白质含量增加显著升高(P<0.05),E组比A组提高8.2%。通过饲料蛋白质水平与特定生长的回归分析,获得凡纳滨对虾幼虾最大生长饲料蛋白质需要量为46.5％。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在探究饲料中添加浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和肌肉品质的影响。在鱼粉含量分别为18% (A)和15% (B)的基础饲料中添加0%、3%、6%的浒苔(记为A0、A3、A6、B0、B3、B6),共6组等氮等能饲料,饲喂初始体重为(3.0 ± 0.1) g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示：A0组具有最大增重率(654.2%)和最低饲料系数(1.61),在18% 、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响(P> 0.05),添加6%浒苔, 显著降低了增重率,升高了饲料系数 (P < 0.05),降低了虾体粗脂肪含量(P < 0.05);在18%、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%、6%浒苔,显著降低了凡纳滨对虾的蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和蛋白质消化率(P < 0.05)。在肌肉品质方面,A3、A6、B6组肌肉硬度和咀嚼性均较A0、B0组显著提高(P < 0.05);饲料中添加6%浒苔显著提高了肌肉胶原蛋白含量,降低了肌肉煮失水率和冷冻失水率(P < 0.05);以上结果表明,在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响,添加6%浒苔,降低了虾体增重率和饲料利用,但可改善肌肉品质。  相似文献   

11.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different forms of Artemia biomass as a food source on survival, molting and growth rate of mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Instar 1 crablets with a mean weight of 0.0082 ± 0.0007 g were reared both individually and communally and fed with different diets consisting of fresh shrimp meat (control feed), live Artemia biomass, frozen Artemia biomass and a dried Artemia‐based formulated feed for 40 days. The highest survival was obtained for crablets receiving live Artemia (92.5% and 75.8%) followed by the groups fed with frozen biomass (90.0% and 47.5%), the control feed (72.5% and 24.2%) and the dried Artemia‐based diet (60.0% and 21.7%) for individual and communal cultures, respectively. The intermolt period, the total number of moltings and the growth rate, which were determined on individually reared crabs, showed the same pattern as for survival. The results suggest that crab performance decreased in the following order: live Artemia>frozen Artemia > fresh shrimp meat > dried Artemia‐based formulated feed. Live Artemia biomass proved an ideal feed for nursery of Scylla paramamosain crabs. Frozen Artemia biomass may be an alternative in times of shortage. Our findings illustrate the high potential for local utilization of Artemia biomass in Vietnam for reliable production of mud crab juveniles.  相似文献   

12.
One of the major problems in the shrimp culture industry is the difficulty in producing high-quality shrimp larvae. In larviculture, quality feeds containing a high content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and ingredients that stimulate stress and disease resistance are essential to produce healthy shrimp larvae. In the present study, Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL15) were fed for 25 days on an unenriched Artemia diet (control; A) or on a diet of Artemia enriched with either HUFA-rich liver oil of the trash fish Odonus niger (B), probionts [Lactobacillus acidophilus (C1) or yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (C2)] or biomedicinal herbal products (D) that have anti-stress, growth-promoting and anti-microbial characteristics. P. monodon postlarvae fed unenriched Artemia exhibited the lowest weight gain (227.9 ± 8.30 mg) and specific growth rate (9.95 ± 0.05%), while those fed the HUFA-enriched Artemia (B) exhibited the highest weight gain and specific growth rate (362.34 ± 12.56 mg and 11.77 ± 0.08%, respectively). At the end of the 25-day rearing experiment, the shrimp postlarvae (PL40) were subjected to a salinity stress study. At both low and high (0 and 50‰) salinities, the group fed the control diet (A) experienced the highest cumulative mortality indices (CMI) 935.7 ± 2.1 and 1270.7 ± 3.1, respectively. Those fed diet D showed the lowest stress-induced mortality, and CMI were reduced by 31.1 and 32.3% under conditions of low and high salinity stress, respectively. A 10-day disease challenge test was conducted with the P. monodon postlarvae (PL40–PL50) by inoculating the shrimp with the pathogen Vibrio harveyi at the rate of 105–107 CFU/ml in all rearing tanks. P. monodon postlarvae fed probiont-encapsulated Artemia diets (C1 and C2) exhibited the highest survival (94.3 and 82.3%, respectively) and lowest pathogen load (V. harveyi) in hepatopancreas (5.2 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 and 4.6 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) and muscle (2.0 × 102 ± 6 × 10 and 1.7 × 102 ± 8.6 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) tissues. The shrimp that were fed the unenriched Artemia (Control; A) showed the lowest survival (26.33%) and highest bacterial load in the hepatopancreas (1.0 × 105 ± 5 × 103 CFU g−1) and muscle (3.6 × 104 ± 6 × 102 CFU g−1). The shrimp fed the herbal product (D)-enriched Artemia also exhibited enhanced survival and reduced V. harveyi load in the tissues tested compared to the control diet (A) group. The results are discussed in terms of developing a quality larval feed to produce healthy shrimp larvae.  相似文献   

13.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hot water extract of brown seaweeds Sargassum duplicatum and Sargassum wightii on the growth and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) resistance in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL). Artemia nauplii (instar II) were enriched with both seaweed extracts at various concentrations (250, 500 and 750 mg L?1) and fed to the respective P. monodon (PL15–35) group for 20 days. A control group was also maintained without seaweed extract supplementation. The weight gain of the experimental groups was significantly higher (0.274–0.323 g) than the control group (0.261 g). Similarly, the specific growth rate was also significantly higher (16.27–17.06%) in the experimental groups than in the control group (16.03%). After 20 days of the feeding experiment, the shrimp PL were challenged with WSSV for 21 days. During the challenge test, the control shrimp displayed 100% mortality within 8 days. In contrast, the mortality percentage of the highest concentration (750 mg L?1) of seaweed extract enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp was 54–79%. Comparatively, low mortality was observed in S. wightii extract‐enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp. The polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the concentration‐dependent infection of WSSV in P. monodon PL.  相似文献   

14.
The present study evaluated the performance of two commercial diets: AgloNorse (AN) and BioKyowa (BK), and two experimental, formulated diets based on casein (C) or casein plus casein hydrolysates (CH) in rearing of pike‐perch larvae (Sander lucioperca L.). All fish were 5 day old and control group was fed live Artemia nauplii. Fish were sampled periodically for histological comparison of morphological changes in the digestive tracts. Survival of fish fed Artemia nauplii, BK and AN was similar: 54.4%, 50.8% and 52.4%, respectively, while the fish fed formulated diets C and CH showed considerably lower survival: 28.4% and 21.6% respectively. After 5 weeks of rearing, the average body mass of fish ranged from 212±32 mg in Artemia fed group to 53.8±6.8 mg in C diet fed group. A considerable vacuolization of supranuclear zone in enterocytes of posterior intestine was observed in the larvae fed commercial diets. No anomalies in liver development were found. Hepatocytes of fish fed BK diet showed larger glycogen storage areas, compared with those occupied by lipids. The highest zymogen accumulation of pancreatic cytoplasm was observed in fish fed Artemia. In fish fed C and CH diets, anomalies in digestive system development were indicated by lower and less numerous intestinal folds, smaller hepatocytes, retarded development of gastric glands, and in CH group – also local fatty degeneration of liver.  相似文献   

15.
The nematode Panagrolaimus sp. was tested as live feed to replace Artemia nauplii during first larval stages of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In Trial 1, shrimp larvae were fed one of four diets from Zoea 2 to Postlarva 1 (PL1): (A) Artemia nauplii, control treatment; (NC) nematodes enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provided by the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii; (N) non‐enriched nematodes; and (Algae) a mixture of microalgae supplemented in C. cohnii cells. In Trial 2, shrimp were fed (A), (NC) and a different treatment (NS) with nematodes enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) provided by the commercial product S.presso®, until Postlarva 6 (PL6). Mysis 1 larvae fed nematodes of the three dietary treatments were 300 μm longer (3.2 ± 0.3 mm) than control larvae. At PL1, control shrimp were 300 μm longer (4.5 ± 0.3 mm) than those fed DHA‐enriched or PUFAs‐enriched nematodes. No differences were observed in length and survival at PL6 between control larvae and those fed DHA‐enriched nematodes (5.1 ± 0.5 mm; 33.1%–44.4%). Shrimp fed microalgae showed a delay in development at PL1. This work is the first demonstration of Panagrolaimus sp. suitability as a complete substitute for Artemia in rearing shrimp from Zoea 2 to PL6.  相似文献   

16.
The tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, an inshore fish in China, has showed great potential in aquaculture recently. However, poor survival was recorded during the period of weaning from live Artemia to artificial diets. In this paper, the influence of co‐feeding larvae with live and inert diet on weaning performance was described. The C. semilaevis larvae were reared at 21 ± 1 °C and fed four different feeding regimes from 6 days post‐hatching (dph): A, Artemia (10 individuals mL?1); B, Artemia (5 individuals mL?1); C, mixed diet (10 Artemia individuals mL?1 and 12 mg L?1 inert diet); and D, mixed diet (5 Artemia individuals mL?1 and 12 mg L?1 inert diet). Rotifers were also supplied in all cases during the first days of feeding. Mixed diets of commercial formulated feed and live prey (rotifers and Artemia) allowed larvae to complete metamorphosis, achieving similar specific growth rate (SGR) (18.5 ± 1.4% and 18.7 ± 1.6%) and survival (40 ± 7.6% and 48.5 ± 6.8%) compared with larvae fed on live feed alone (SGR of 18.3 ± 1.2%, 19.3 ± 1.9% and survival of 41.2 ± 11.3%, 38 ± 4.9%). However, in metamorphosed fish, when live feed was withdrawn on 31 dph, there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival and growth among treatments. Metamorphosed fish, previously fed mixture diets during larval stages, had similar survival (62.1 ± 7.6% and 62.8 ± 3.9% for regimes C and D, respectively) but higher than that obtained for fish that previously fed on live feed (49.3 ± 2% and 42.1 ± 3.9% for regimes A and B, respectively) after weaning (day 60). The SGR of weaned fish previously fed live feed was similar (3.1 ± 0.6% and 2.92 ± 0.6% for regimes A and B, respectively) but lower than that recorded for fish that was fed from day 6 to day 30 on the mixed diet (4.5 ± 1.1% and 4.9 ± 0.3% for regimes C and D, respectively). It is suggested that weaning of C. semilaevis from early development would appear to be feasible and larval co‐feeding improves growth and survival.  相似文献   

17.
Nutritional efficacy of fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus sirindhornae) nauplii, as a live food, was studied for growth performance and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae. A feeding experiment was designed with four different feeds: dry commercial feed, fairy shrimp nauplii, Artemia sp. nauplii and adult Moina macrocopa. Results from the nutritional composition revealed that fairy shrimp nauplii had protein and lipid contents of 54.58 ± 2.8 g kg?1 and 255 ± 2.8 g kg?1, respectively. The highest value for an individual amino acid in fairy shrimp was lysine (140.7 ± 1.6 g kg?1). The essential amino acids content in the whole body of the larval prawns was in the range of 66.7–67.5 g kg?1. Fairy shrimp nauplii had the highest essential amino acid ratio (A/E) of lysine, similarly, in musculature of prawn larvae. Weight gain and specific growth rate of the postlarvae fed with fairy shrimp nauplii were significantly higher than those fed with Artemia nauplii, adult Moina and dry commercial feed. The presented results suggest that S. sirindhornae nauplii can be used as a nutritionally adequate food for freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii postlarvae.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of feeding two alternative live prey Hyalella azteca (freshwater gammarids) and Hyale media (marine gammarids) to Octopus maya hatchlings were compared with feeding adult Artemia sp., traditionally used during the first weeks of the life cycle. Hatchlings were fed ad libitum these three live preys during the first 15 days, and a paste elaborated with fresh squid and shrimp during the next 15 days when hatchling can be fed prepared diets. Weight (g) and specific growth rates (% day?1) were determined every 15 days. Octopus maya hatchlings fed with marine gammarids grew larger (6.9 ± 0.2% day?1) compared with hatchlings fed Artemia sp. or freshwater gammarids (4.8 ± 0.2% and 5.0 ± 0.3% day?1 respectively). Survival was also higher (92.2 ± 6.8%) for hatchlings fed marine gammarids, than for those fed Artemia sp. (74.5 ± 23.8%) or freshwater gammarids (41.2 ± 21.2%). The content of acylglycerides, cholesterol and proteins in O. maya fed marine gammarids suggested a better nutrient assimilation by the hatchlings. Also, polyunsaturated fatty acids levels (EPA and DHA) were more abundant in marine gammarids, possibly contributing to the higher growth rates observed. This is the first study revealing a successful use of marine gammarids as alternative prey for octopus hatchlings culture.  相似文献   

19.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT)‐rich yeast supplementation on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 g/kg of NT‐rich yeast, respectively. A total of 480 shrimp with an average initial body weight of 1.86 ± 0.02 g were randomly allocated into four groups, with four replicates per group and 30 shrimp each replicate. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast had significantly higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the control diet, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplemental diet. However, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. The crude protein of whole shrimp in the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group was higher than that in the control group. Total protein, triglyceride concentrations, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly influenced by the dietary NT‐rich yeast supplementation. The activities of serum phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) of shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast were higher than those in shrimp fed the other diets. Relative expressions of alp and lzm significantly upregulated in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group compared to the control group. The intestinal fold height and fold width in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group were significantly higher than those fed the control diet; and the highest microvillus height occurred in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast diet. In summary, dietary 30–50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplementation promotes growth performance, enhances innate immunity and improves intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei.  相似文献   

20.
A 15-day study was conducted to evaluate the effect of enrichment of Artemia metanauplii with four different emulsions, including: (A) Easy-DHA Selco; (B) Easy-DHA Selco + L-lysine (4 g/L); (C) Easy-DHA Selco + DL-methionine (4 g/L); and (D) Easy-DHA Selco + L-lysine (2 g/L) + DL-methionine (2 g/L) on growth and stress resistance of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei larvae (from Mysis I to postlarvae12). It is noticed that shrimp PL in group B had the highest wet (36.1 ± 3.1 mg) and dry (1116.7 ± 60.0 µg) weights as well as stress resistance to fresh water (64.0 ± 5.5%).  相似文献   

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