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为了提高气单胞菌属菌株CE-2-A的过氧化氢酶产量,对其发酵条件进行优化。首先运用了单因子试验筛选出了发酵培养基的麦芽糖含量、牛肉膏含量、CaCl2和MgCl2含量,在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman设计法,对8种影响产酶的因素进行评价。试验结果表明,牛肉膏含量、起始pH、摇瓶装液量对菌株产过氧化氢酶的活力具有显著的影响。通过Box-Behnken试验考察了牛肉膏含量、起始pH、摇瓶装液量这3个主要因素对菌株所产过氧化氢酶活力的影响。发酵条件优化结果为装液量42.6ml、牛肉膏含量3.69g/L、起始pH9.1,采用优化后发酵培养条件进行摇瓶发酵培养,过氧化氢酶的酶活力达到2532.5U/ml,与优化前酶活力(1849.7U/ml)相比提高了36.9%。 相似文献
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以1株产海洋溶菌酶活性较高的菌株（S_12-86）为原始菌株,对其原生质体的制备、再生及紫外诱变育种进行了研究。实验所确定的原生质体的最佳制备条件为：菌株S-12—86培养18h,溶菌酶浓度为1．0mg／ml,在35℃下,酶解30min,原生质体形成率为97．6％,再生率为23．6％。同时实验所确定的原生质体诱变的适宜条件为：30w紫外灯下80cm照射120S。对大量再生突变株进行筛选,最终获得了1株遗传性能稳定的菌株R—J—i01,其产酶活力达到1808U／mg,比原始菌株（1290U／mg）提高了40％。 相似文献
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通过生理生化、分子生物学、单因子优化等方法研究了来自南海海域一株产中性蛋白酶菌株S-3685,并对其在250 ml摇瓶中的培养条件进行了优化。结果显示,该菌株初步确定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),发酵培养的最佳碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖10 g/L和豆面10 g/L,牛肉膏5 g/L,酵母膏5 g/L。无机盐MgSO4·7H2O、Na2CO3、KH2PO4最佳浓度分别为0.2 g/L、2.0 g/L、1.0 g/L;菌株在培养基起始pH=7.0、4%接种量、15 ml/250 ml (v/v)装液量和30℃的条件下,发酵72 h获得较高的酶产量。在最佳培养条件下产酶量为4250 U/ml,是优化前的5倍。 相似文献
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抗弧菌海洋细菌的分离筛选及其抗菌作用测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采集连云港海域海水、海泥以及海洋动植物等样品86个,分离到海洋细菌176株.以病原性弧菌鳗弧菌为指示菌,采用平板对峙法在2216E培养基上测定不同海洋细菌菌株的抗菌作用, 其中XDY-7-4、YC-6-3、BM-1、BN-1、BN-2和XS1-5等6个海洋细菌菌株有明显的抗菌作用,菌株BN-1的抑菌带为11.2 mm,抗菌作用最强;其次为菌株XS1-5 、XDY-7-4 和YC-6-3,抑菌带宽度为10.4、10.2、9.9 mm;菌株BN-2和BM-1对鳗弧菌的抑菌作用较弱. 采用打孔法测定不同海洋细菌菌株无菌发酵液的抗菌作用,结果表明,菌株BN-1对鳗弧菌生长的抑制作用最明显,其次为菌株YC-6-3和XDY-7-4,菌株BM-1、XS1-5和BN-2的抗菌效果较弱. 相似文献
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为从土壤中筛选能够同时降解单宁和植酸的微生物,本实验利用富集培养技术,分离、筛选、鉴定土壤中的单宁和植酸降解菌,并研究其在液态发酵下的产酶能力。结果显示,从土壤中共获得109株纯菌落,包括39株细菌、46株酵母菌以及24株霉菌。分别用单宁筛选性培养基和植酸筛选性培养基筛选上述菌株,获得27株植酸降解菌和14株单宁降解菌,其中霉菌M-6、M-3和M-1可以同时分解单宁和植酸,且霉菌M-6的水解圈直径大于M-3和M-1。在液态发酵条件下,随着发酵温度的升高(20~35°C),霉菌M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的活力呈现先升高而后降低的趋势,在发酵温度为30°C时达到最高值(P0.05)。随着发酵p H的升高(p H 4~7),霉菌M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的活力呈先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05);其中单宁酶活力在发酵p H值为5时达到最高值,显著高于其他处理组(P0.05);而植酸酶活力在发酵p H值为5时达到最高值,显著高于发酵p H 4和7处理组(P0.05),但与发酵p H 6处理组差异不显著(P0.05)。通过菌落和菌株形态学以及分子测序方法,鉴定M-6为黑曲霉。因此,本研究从土壤中分离筛选出3株(M-6、M-3和M-1)能够同时水解单宁和植酸的降解菌,在液态发酵条件下,黑曲霉M-6产单宁酶和植酸酶的最佳发酵温度为30°C,最佳发酵p H值为5。 相似文献
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从青岛近海的红藻(Gelidium amansii)中分离筛选到1株高活力的海洋琼胶降解菌AT-22，对其生长、产酶特性和酶活力影响因素进行初步研究。结果表明，AT-22所产琼胶酶为诱导酶，0．2％葡萄糖的添加对菌株产酶有抑制作用。该酶作用的最适pH值为6．0-7．0，最适温度为40℃，最适底物质量分数为1％～1．2％，Ca^2 的添加对酶促反应有较强的促进作用，而Fe^3 、Mn^2 、Cu^2 和Hg^2 等有不同程度的抑制作用。 相似文献
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条石鲷出血病病原的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从患刺激隐核虫继发感染出血病的条石鲷上分离到2株细菌L1和L2,人工感染实验证实L1和L2均对条石鲷具有高致病性。对菌株L1和L2进行了形态和生理生化鉴定,结果表明L1和L2为同一种细菌,为革兰氏阴性菌,发酵葡萄糖,氧化酶阳性,在无盐NaCl胨水中不生长,赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶阳性,精氨酸双水解酶、精氨酸脱羧酶阴性;发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气;硝酸盐还原、明胶酶为阳性;利用葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘露糖、蔗糖,不利用阿拉伯糖、乳糖、纤维二糖、肌醇、枸橼酸盐、水杨素等;七叶苷、MR为阴性,VP阳性,产生吲哚,不产生H2S,可鉴定为溶藻弧菌。 相似文献
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患白点病条石鲷继发感染出血病病原的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从患刺激隐核虫继发感染出血病的条石鲷上分离到2株细菌L1和L2,人工感染实验证实L1和L2均对条石鲷具有高致病性。对菌株L1和L2进行了形态和生理生化鉴定,结果表明L1和L2为同一种细菌,为革兰氏阴性菌,发酵葡萄糖,氧化酶阳性,在无盐NaCl胨水中不生长,赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶阳性,精氨酸双水解酶、精氨酸脱羧酶阴性;发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气;硝酸盐还原、明胶酶为阳性;利用葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘露糖、蔗糖,不利用阿拉伯糖、乳糖、纤维二糖、肌醇、枸橼酸盐、水杨素等;七叶苷、MR为阴性,VP阳性,产生吲哚,不产生H2S,可鉴定为溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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