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1.
内蒙古草原羊尿斑块土壤氮素的变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在内蒙古草原对天然羊尿尿斑土壤氮素的变化进行了系统研究，结果表嘎：随着羊尿的施入，土壤NH4^＋-N浓度显著升高（P〈0．01），并于第3天达到最大值；施后7d前（不包括第7天），与对照区相比，施尿区土壤NO3^--N浓度显著降低（P〈0．05），7d后，施尿区土壤NO3^-N浓度显著高于对照区（P〈0．01）；羊尿施入35d前（不包括第35天），土壤NH4^＋N浓度显著高于N03^--N（p〈0．05），而35d后，NH4^＋-N浓度开始低于N03^-N，而且差异显著（p〈0．05）.施尿后，土壤微生物量氮呈增加趋势，并于第35d达到最大值，而后开始下降，84d后又出现升高现象；施尿区0—5cm和5-10cm土壤微生物量氮显著高于对照区（P〈0．05），但10—20cm土壤差异不显著（P〉0．05）。施尿后，土壤可溶性有机氮浓度显著升高（P〈0．05），并于第7天达到最大值，而后呈下降趋势，3个取样层次呈一致的变化趋势。施尿区和对照区土壤无机氮与可溶性有机氮、无机氮与微生物量氮存在显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），但土壤可溶性有机氮与微生物量氮相关不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
2.
为了明确Crylab毒蛋白是否对亚洲玉米螟具有控害作用．采用实验种群生命表的方法。研究了CrylAb毒蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的生长发育和种群增长的影响。结果表明．亚洲玉米螟在各个发育阶段对高浓度（50μg／mL）的CrylAb毒蛋白敏感，而对低浓度（0．1μg／mL）的CrylAh毒蛋白不敏感．10．0pμg／mLCrylAb毒蛋白处理的亚洲玉米螟幼虫历期显著低于对照和其它处理（P〈0．05）。50．0μg/mLCrylAb毒蛋白处理的亚洲玉米螟雌成虫产卵前期、单雌产卵量和雌成虫寿命均显著低于对照（P〈0．05）。1．0μg／mLCrylAb毒蛋白处理的亚洲玉米螟蛹重显著低于对照（P〈0．05）。50．0、10．0、1．0、0．1μg／mLCrylAb毒蛋白的人工饲料处理的亚洲玉米螟净增长率显著低于对照（P〈0．05）。而0．1μg／mLCrylAb毒蛋白处理的净增长率和世代平均周期均显著短于对照（P〈0．05）．．结果表明．CrylAb毒蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的种群增长有一定影响．且对亚洲玉米螟具有一定的控制作用。 相似文献
3.
长期稻草还田对烟田土壤氮素矿化特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为探明稻草还田对烟田土壤氮素释放的影响，进而有效调控并为配套的施肥技术提供理论依据，采用室内培养和田间原位培养试验，研究了长期稻草还田对烟田土壤有机氮矿化特征和进程的影响。结果表明：稻草还田提高了土壤氮矿化潜力（N0值）和矿化速率（k0），连续还田5年土壤的N0值为92.11 kg/hm2，比对照增加了23.78%；稻草还田促进了烟田土壤氮的矿化，烟株生长期内还田5年的土壤矿化氮量为94.94 kg/hm2，比对照高17.67%。在烟株生长中后期，稻草还田的烟田表层土壤无机氮数量明显增加。稻草还田增加了土壤微生物量氮，移栽时，还田5年土壤微生物量氮比对照增加20.18%，采烤后则高出40.71%。稻草还田1年后土壤微生物量氮处于调整平衡阶段。长期实行稻草还田提高了烟田土壤氮供应能力，增加了上部烟叶全氮和烟碱含量过高的风险。 相似文献
4.
粤东铅锌尾矿区3种优势植物根际土壤微生物的活性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了在植被调查和重金属含量的测定基础上,分析粤东铅锌尾矿区优势植物与根际土壤微生物、土壤理化性质和土壤酶之间的相关性,为污染矿区土壤环境质量评价提供科学依据,并指导矿区生态系统的恢复和重建。采用常规实验方法对广东梅县丙村铅锌尾矿废弃地的3种优势植物根系土壤的微生物数量、酶活性以及理化性质进行测定,并与非根际土壤和非污染土壤比较分析。结果表明：（1）该尾矿土壤重金属含量远高于国家土壤质量标准值,在三级污染以上。在污染区生长的类芦、黄荆、盐肤木3种优势植物,很可能由于其重金属的吸收能力不同,导致根际土壤中重金属含量不同;（2）污染区根际和非根际土壤的碱解N、速效K含量、pH值低于非污染区,但速效P含量要高;在非污染区,根际土壤的碱解N与速效钾含量在3种植物之间无显著差异,但在污染区,类芦的碱解N含量显著高于黄荆和盐肤木,黄荆的速效K含量低于类芦和盐肤木。在污染区,3种植物的根际土壤速效P含量均低于非根际土壤,但在非污染区反而要低。在污染区和非污染区,类芦的根际土壤pH值均高于黄荆和盐肤,且高于非根际土壤;（3）在非污染区,3种植物的根际土壤及非根际土壤中,均是放线菌最多,细菌次之,真菌最少;类芦的根际土壤微生物数量最多;在污染区,根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均低于非根际土壤;盐肤木的根际土壤微生物数量最多;（4）绝大多数情况下,无论是污染区还是非污染区,3种植物根际土壤酶的活性均显著高于非根际土壤;污染区3种植物的根际土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性均高于非污染区;（5）由于受植物种类、研究地域、污染性质（单一污染或复合污染）及程度的影响,土壤微生物数量、养分（碱解N、速效K、速效P）、土壤酶活性之间呈现非常复杂的相关关系。 相似文献
5.
为探讨不同施肥方式对土壤养分含量和春小麦产量的影响,设置不施肥（T）、化学氮肥（N）、有机肥（M）、有机肥和氮肥配施（NM）4个处理,分析不同施肥方式下陇中黄土丘陵区土壤养分含量和春小麦产量的变化特征。结果表明,不同施肥处理下土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量及化学计量特征有一定差异。NM处理下SOC、TN含量及碳磷比（C:P）、氮磷比（N:P）均为最高,显著高于N和M处理;土壤碳氮比（C:N）和TP含量在各施肥处理间无显著差异。春小麦产量在不同施肥处理下有一定差异。NM处理下春小麦产量最高,显著高于N和M处理。春小麦产量与土壤SOC、TN、C:P、N:P和C:N呈显著或极显著相关关系,产量与TP含量无显著相关性。综上,在黄土高原丘陵区,有机肥和氮肥配施可以有效增加土壤养分含量和春小麦产量。 相似文献
6.
生长调节剂2,4-D灌施对烤烟上部叶常规化学成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
以代表性烤烟品种云烟87为材料，用不同浓度的2，4-D水溶液对打顶后的烟株进行了灌施处理，采用连续流动分析法及火焰光度法测定上部叶初烤烟的常规化学成分含量。结论是：（1）0—100mL／L2，4-D灌施，浓度与烤烟上部叶烟碱含量呈极显著的负相关（P〈0．01），与上部叶的糖碱比值呈极显著的正相关（P〈0．01），与其钾含量呈显著的正相关（P〈0．05）；（2）2，4-D灌施可以显著降低烤烟上部叶的烟碱含量、提高上部叶糖碱比值及钾含量；（3）2，4-D灌施对烤烟上部叶的还原糖及氯含量均无明显影响；（4）2，4-D灌施可提高烤烟上部叶常规化学成分的协调性，从而提高上部叶的可用性。 相似文献
7.
对有机和常规养殖条件下南美白对虾的肌肉营养成分、矿物质元素、重金属和药残含量进行了比较分析。有机养殖条件下南美白对虾的水分、粗灰分和粗蛋白含量和常规养殖条件下无显著差异（P〉0．05）;粗脂肪含量显著低于常规养殖条件下（P〈0．05）;钙、磷元素含量显著高于常规养殖条件下（P〈0．05）;在重金属和药残含量方面,常规养殖条件下南美白对虾除呋喃唑酮超标外,其余均符合无公害食品标准,但有机养殖条件下重金属和药残含量更低。结果表明,从产品卫生安全性角度考虑,有机养殖条件下的南美白对虾对人体更健康无害。 相似文献
8.
9.
滨海盐碱地不同耐盐草本植物土壤养分动态变化 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
为探求不同耐盐草本植物对滨海盐碱地生物改良效果,促进盐碱地土壤理化性质向良性循环方向发展,在天津大港地区以盐碱荒地为对照,选取4种耐盐草本植物（田菁、苜蓿、苏丹草、碱蓬）进行试验研究。经过2年(2012—2013)的试验研究,分析了不同耐盐植物对滨海盐碱地土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的影响。结果表明：随着生育期的延长,4种耐盐植物土壤有机质含量整体变化趋于平稳,土壤速效氮含量表现出逐渐下降的趋势,土壤速效磷整体上表现出了下降的趋势,而土壤速效钾含量与前三者均不同,均表现出了逐渐上升的趋势。耐盐植物处理随着生育期的延长,土壤N/P、N/K、P/K的差异显著性变化趋势表现不同。土壤N/P和P/K的差异显著性变化趋势均表现不同;土壤N/K差异显著性变化趋势表现一致,均表现出逐渐降低。4种耐盐草本植物对土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾的改良效果存在着差异,其中碱蓬处理对于增加土壤有机质效果显著,苜蓿处理对于提高土壤速效氮磷钾含量效果显著。 相似文献
10.
纳米硒对肉鸡免疫和抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【研究目的】试验旨在研究纳米硒对肉鸡免疫和抗氧化性能的影响。【方法】选用1日龄Avian肉鸡225只,随机分为5个处理组,每组45只,设3个重复,每个重复15只。在玉米．豆粕型日粮基础上添加纳米硒（0、0．15、0．3、0．6、1．2mg／kg）,以饲喂基础日粮组为对照组,试验期6周。【结果】结果表明：（1）试验至14、28日龄时,纳米硒在0．15～1．2mg／kg的添加水平肉鸡的新城疫抗体效价、免疫器官指数高于对照组（P〉0．05）;42日龄时,纳米硒在0．3～1．2mg／kg的添加水平肉鸡的新城疫抗体效价、免疫器官指数显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。14、28、42日龄时,纳米硒在0．6～1．2mg／kg的添加水平外周血T淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。（2）14日龄时,纳米硒在0．6～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;纳米硒在0．15～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活力、抑制羟自由基（OH．）能力高于对照组（P〉0．05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量低于对照组（P〉0．05）;纳米硒在0．3～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中一氧化氮（NO）含量极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。28日龄时,纳米硒在0．3～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中T．AOC极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;纳米硒在0．15～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中GSH-Px活力显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,MDA含量、NO含量显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;纳米硒在1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中抑制OH．能力的显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。42日龄时,纳米硒在0．15～1．2mg／kg的添加水平血浆中的T-AOC、GSH-Px活力、T—SOD活力、抑制OH．能力、MDA含量、NO含量都显著高于或低于对照组（P〈0．05）。【结论】因此,纳米硒在0．6～1．2mg／kg的添加水平对提高肉鸡免疫能力效果最佳;纳米硒在0．15～1．2mg／kg的添加水平可以很好的提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献