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1.
金露梅灌丛地下生物量形成规律的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
对金露梅灌丛地下生物量形成规律的研究结果表明:金露梅灌丛地下生物量具有"V"字形季节变化规律和明显的垂直分布特征;金露梅灌丛死根和活根的生物量变化有显著的季节变化规律;金露梅灌丛草场地下生物量的周转值为35.72%,地下净生产量为1 206.4 g/m2;金露梅灌丛地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季始末时最大;金露梅灌丛地下生物量与月平均气温和降水量有负相关关系.  相似文献   

2.
金霉梅灌丛地下生物量形成规律的研究   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  
对金露梅灌丛地下生物量形成规律的研究结果表明：金露梅灌丛地下生物量具有“V”字形季节变化规律和明显的垂直分布特征;金露梅灌丛死根和活根的生物量变化有显著的季节变化规律;金露梅灌丛草场地下生物量的周转值为35.72%,地下净生产量为1206.4g/m^2;金露梅灌丛地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季始末时最大;金露梅灌丛地下生物量与月平均气温和降水量有负相关关系。  相似文献   

3.
对海北定位站地区分布的金露梅灌丛草甸、矮嵩草草甸和沼泽化藏嵩草草甸3种高寒植被类型群落及土壤环境因子的观测结果表明:3种植被类型地上年净生产量依次为矮嵩草草甸(339.594 g/m2)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(339.358 g/m2)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(278.299 g/m2);光能利用率为矮嵩草草甸(0.099%)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(0.091%)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(0.075%);植被群落的种类组成为矮嵩草草甸(54种)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(47种)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(24种).观察矮嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸0～20 cm土壤温湿度表明,矮嵩草草甸土壤温度＞金露梅灌丛草甸,土壤湿度则相反,其中矮嵩草草甸土壤温度较高,土壤湿度较低,金露梅灌丛草甸则是高土壤湿度和低土壤温度,而沼泽化藏嵩草草甸土壤湿度达饱和甚至超饱和状态,土壤温度显得更低.  相似文献   

4.
通过野外样地调查和试验,以祁连山寺大隆林区天涝池流域高山灌丛为研究对象,建立地上生物量与易测因子(冠幅周长和植株高度)之间的关系,对灌丛地上生物量随海拔梯度变化的分布规律进行研究.结果表明:阳坡和阴坡灌丛的平均总地上生物量分别为7375.8 kg·hm-2和3055.6 kg·hm-2;随着海拔高度升高,阳坡与阴坡灌丛地上生物量均呈单峰型曲线变化,其最大值分别分布在海拔3200m和3650m处,分别为12101.6 kg·hm-2和4084.8 kg·hm-2;在4种灌丛植物中,金露梅(Potentillafruticosa)和吉拉柳(Salix gilashanica)地上生物量最大值分别出现在海拔3150m和3650m,鬼箭锦鸡儿(Caragana jubata)和高山绣线菊(Spiraea alpina)最大值分布在海拔3200 m.综上可知,祁连山天涝池流域灌丛地上生物量随海拔升高呈先增加后减小的单峰型曲线变化.  相似文献   

5.
高寒金露梅灌丛生物量及年周转量   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
采用样方调查与挖掘相结合的方法,以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛多年累积枝干、地下生物量和当年新生枝叶量及6-9月冠面长度、宽度和高度为参数进行线性回归分析,结合金露梅灌丛与草本植物在样地所占比例,估算其年净初级生产量及年净固碳量。结果表明:2004年金露梅灌丛地下实际周转量为53.7 g/m2,周转率为26%;当年新生枝叶量为41.0 g/m2,年净初级生产量94.7 g/m2;以草本植物与金露梅灌丛在样地所占比例为60%和40%进行估算,2004年金露梅灌丛草甸总净初级生产量为858.3 g/m2,固碳量481.9 g/m2。  相似文献   

6.
金露梅灌丛草地的冬春季模拟放牧利用率研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
金露梅 (Dasiphorafruticosa)灌丛是祁连山东段牦牛主要的放牧地类型之一。 1月份灌木的现存量为 4 4 4g/m2 DM。齐地面砍伐后生长季末 9月的再生量仅为 2 6 .1g/m2 DM。在冬春 6个模拟放牧梯度试验的基础上 ,获得冬春最适利用率为 11.6 %～ 13.4 % ,最大不退化利用率为 2 8.6 %～ 30 .4 %。  相似文献   

7.
为科学评价灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分变化规律,采用"空间代替时间"的方法,对比分析了从1997年至2018年20年来金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分含量变化特征。结果表明,随着金露梅灌丛的逐渐恢复,灌木碳储量增加1.4～6.2倍,灌丛下草本碳储量减少0.9～1.7倍,灌丛群落碳储量增加1.1～2.0倍;0–10 cm土层容重减小,10–30 cm土层容重则呈先减后增趋势;0–30 cm丛间土壤全磷含量减小0.7%～6.0%,速效磷含量减小6.3%～28.8%,速效钾含量总体减小53.9%～61.0%,土壤有机质、速效氮含量呈先增后减趋势,全钾含量则呈先减后增趋势。丛内各层土壤有机质、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量变化趋势与丛间的变化相同。综上,随植被恢复,碳贮量增加,但部分土壤养分呈减少或先增后减趋势,故建议以放牧利用为目的草地应适度控制金露梅灌丛大尺度扩张,以环境效益为目的的草地应促进进展演替。  相似文献   

8.
杜鹃灌丛草地响应休牧的植被特征变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
初步探讨了不同休牧模式恢复杜鹃灌丛草地的地上生态过程.结果表明,全生长季休牧对灌丛草地灌木片层产生了积极影响,柳、鬼箭锦鸡儿和金露梅等饲用灌木的高度有明显恢复;苔藓和地面枯草存量增加,灌下微生境趋优;灌间草本群落高度、盖度和生物量有不同程度增加;不同休牧模式在生长季各阶段的表现存在差异,8月份草地禾草+莎草与杂类草的产草量之比:全生长季休牧、枯草期轻牧(全年1.67羊单位/hm2)为1.61.全生长季休牧、枯草期重牧(全年3.49羊单位/hm2)为0.73,对照为0.66,全生长季休牧草地的草群得到优化;枯草期高强度放牧也会影响杜鹃灌丛草地的生态恢复.  相似文献   

9.
高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)作为青藏高原最主要的营地下生活啮齿类动物,其通过挖掘行为将大量土堆积于草地,形成大小不一呈镶嵌式分布裸露土丘,对周围植物群落结构产生影响。本研究在封育与放牧条件下,对青海贵南高寒草原鼠丘及周边区域群落植物种组成和重要值、功能群生物量构成、物种多样性及群落稳定性进行定量分析,明晰鼠丘区域植物群落结构和稳定性特征在放牧和封育下的趋同规律。结果表明,1)封育和放牧样地鼠丘上植物种数极少,分别为17种和11种,封育利于鼠丘植物种的侵入和生长;2)鼠丘形成增加周围区域地上生物量122.71 g·m^–2和地面芽植物比例(20.77%),降低地下芽植物比例(22.50%),促使鼠丘周边区域草地由禾草/莎草群落向禾草群落转化,但对群落植物物种多样性无影响;3)封育降低了鼠丘周边区及非鼠丘区草地群落稳定性,放牧增加了鼠丘周边区及非鼠丘区草地稳定性;4)鼠丘草圈增加的植物生物量可部分补偿裸露鼠丘损失的地上生物量,封育和放牧样地分别补偿35.28%和57.93%的裸露鼠丘损失生物量。  相似文献   

10.
黄河源区山生柳灌丛草甸植物群落多样性及植物量组成   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  
对黄河源区山生柳灌丛草甸物种组成、结构及其植被生产力进行了调查.结果表明,该类植被由45种植物组成,隶属于14科33属.其中,灌木层由3种灌木组成,隶属于3属2科,优势度为:山生柳Salix oritrepha(57.28%)>金露梅Potentilla fruticosa(28.19%)>高山绣线菊Spiraea alpina(14.53%).草本层由42种植物组成,隶属于13科31属,优势种为垂头菊Cremanthodium spp.、黄芪Astragalus spp.、线叶嵩草Kobresia capillifolia和小金莲花Trollius pumilus.草本层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.42,Simpson优势度指数为0.96,Pielous均匀度指数为0.92.群落地上干物质量为296.4 g/m2,地下植物量为3 185.6 g/m2.地下植物量主要分布在0～10 cm土层,为2 272.0 g/m2,占0～30 cm土层植物量的71.3%,根冠比为10.8.阔叶草类、莎草类和禾草类植物分别占总鲜质量的73.4%、20.1%和6.5%;占总干质量的57.1%、30.6%和12.3%.根据该灌丛物种、生产力构成及现状分析,黄河源区山生柳灌丛目前处于中度利用状态.  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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