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1.
华南地区高温高湿的气候容易引起黄瓜疫病的爆发,对黄瓜生产构成严重威胁。通过对广东各黄瓜主产区的黄瓜疫病菌进行分离、鉴定,确定广东地区黄瓜疫病的病原,并测定该病原菌对不同瓜类蔬菜的致病力,为瓜类疫病防治提供实验依据。从广东各黄瓜主产区感染疫病的黄瓜茎、叶上分离到疫霉菌共8份,并对其进行形态学观察和ITS序列比对研究。发现广东各黄瓜主产区的疫霉菌均为瓜类疫霉（P. melonis）,人工接种对其致病力研究发现,该疫病菌对黄瓜、印度南瓜、节瓜、冬瓜致病力较强,而对丝瓜致病力较弱。明确广东地区黄瓜疫病的病原菌是瓜类疫霉（P. Melonis）,在人工接种条件下,该病原菌对不同瓜类的致病力存在较大差异。这些研究结果对瓜类疫病的防治及抗疫病育种具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
在辣椒疫病抗性材料鉴定和疫霉菌生理小种测定等工作中, 常因菌种在室内连续多代转接培养导致菌株的致病力下降, 影响测定结果的准确性和一致性。针对辣椒疫霉菌的长时间保存这一问题, 通过对 4个辣椒疫霉菌株的长时间无菌水保存和常规固体培养基斜面连续转接保存方法进行试验对比,定期对菌株培养性状和致病力进行观察和测定。试验结果表明： 在 16℃条件下, 无菌水中保存的辣椒疫霉菌株在 24个月后仍有活力, 菌株培养性状没有发生变化, 致病性也没有明显衰退。该菌种保存方法制作简单、 经济、 可靠, 适用于辣椒疫霉菌种的长期保存。 相似文献
3.
辣椒疫霉菌ITS及β-tubulin的扩增和序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探索湖南省不同地区辣椒疫霉的系统发育关系与遗传多样性,从湖南芷江、宁乡等地采集辣椒疫病病株,经过分离和离体叶片接种,得到2株对辣椒叶片有强致病性的辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)菌株。利用PCR技术对所分离的2个菌株进行ITS以及β-tubulin扩增并测序,将测序结果与国内外报道的相关序列构建系统发育树,结果表明,离体叶片接种法能够对辣椒疫霉菌有一个初步的鉴定,PCR扩增的ITS序列长度为770 bp左右,β-tubulin序列长度为780 bp左右,ITS序列以及β-tubulin序列构建的系统发育树表明湖南省内辣椒疫霉的亲缘性比较近,与国外的亲缘性比较远,说明了不同地区疫霉菌株的亲缘性与地理来源有一定的相关性。 相似文献
4.
《中国农学通报》2016,(1)
华南地区高温高湿的气候容易引起黄瓜疫病的爆发,对黄瓜生产构成严重威胁。通过对广东各黄瓜主产区的黄瓜疫病菌进行分离、鉴定,确定广东地区黄瓜疫病的病原,并测定该病原菌对不同瓜类蔬菜的致病力,为瓜类疫病防治提供试验依据。从广东各黄瓜主产区感染疫病的黄瓜茎、叶上分离到疫霉菌共8份,并对其进行形态学观察和ITS序列比对研究,发现广东各黄瓜主产区的疫霉菌均为瓜类疫霉(Phytophthora melonis)。人工接种对其致病力研究发现,该疫病菌对黄瓜、印度南瓜、节瓜、冬瓜致病力较强,而对丝瓜致病力较弱。这些研究结果对瓜类疫病的防治及抗疫病育种具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
辣椒疫霉菌（Phytophthora capsici）可对寄主植物产生致病性的毒素,使辣椒产生类似病原菌侵染引起的症状。将辣椒疫病病原菌粗毒素按10％,20％,30％,40％,50％,60％,70％,80％,90％,100％的体积比浓度,分别作用于未萌发和已萌发的辣椒种子,结果表明,辣椒疫霉菌粗毒素对辣椒种子发芽指数、辣椒幼苗株高、下胚轴长以及辣椒胚根的主根长、侧根长、侧根。数具有明显的抑制作用。通过主、侧根抑制率的比较,在同一浓度下,粗毒素对侧根的抑制作用大于主根。 相似文献
6.
7.
辣椒内生菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用稀释分离法从健康辣椒植株的茎、叶、果肉中共分离得到植物内生菌88株,其中细菌有65株,真菌有21株,放线菌2株.用平板对峙法从中筛选出内生菌003和X两株对辣椒疫霉病菌、辣椒绿霉病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌3种病原菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株,得出抑制率为34.80％～48.0％.根据菌株形态、生理生化特性对菌株003和菌株X进行了初步鉴定,结果显示菌株003和菌株X都为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus). 相似文献
8.
用稀释分离法从健康辣椒植株的茎、叶、果肉中共分离得到植物内生菌88株,其中细菌有65株,真菌有21株,放线菌2株。用平板对峙法从中筛选出内生菌003和X两株对辣椒疫霉病菌、辣椒绿霉病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌3种病原菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株,得出抑制率为34.80%～48.0%。根据菌株形态、生理生化特性对菌株003和菌株X进行了初步鉴定,结果显示菌株003和菌株X都为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。 相似文献
9.
本文对大豆疫霉菌（Phytophthora sojoe)发生危害概况、侵染特性、菌株分离方法、流行学调查、小种分化与鉴定方法、毒力基因的多态性、基因多态性的分子鉴定、SSR标记在基因多态性研究中的应用等进行了系统综述,讨论了研究P．sojae生理小种遗传多样性的方法,指出应用SSR分子标记进行P.sojae种下分类,确定生理小种间亲缘关系是可行的。 相似文献
10.
黑龙江东部大豆疫霉生理小种及毒性结构时空动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究大豆疫霉生理小种和致病型随时间和空间而变化的规律,连续4 a从黑龙江省东部地区发病较严重的4个代表性地块采集土壤样品,采用叶碟诱捕法分离出其中的大豆疫霉,将确认为大豆疫霉的菌株利用下胚轴伤口接种法鉴定其生理小种和致病型,对于科学使用大豆品种具有重要意义。结果表明,497株大豆疫霉属于135种致病型,包含29个生理小种,1株IRT和105个新致病型,其中16,18,22,28,35号生理小种为中国首次报道,而4,33,38,39,43,48,49号生理小种未分离到。13号小种分离频率最高,为3.2%,1号小种分离频率仅为2.4%。结果显示,黑龙江东部大豆疫霉群体致病力偏弱,对8个Rps基因致病频率为27.8%～53.1%,其中对Rps1k、Rps3a、Rps1c和Rps6基因的致病频率低于35%,对Rps7基因的致病频率为53.1%,说明在黑龙江东部种植含有Rps1k、Rps3a、Rps1c和Rps6基因的大豆品种较安全,种植含Rps7基因的大豆品种较危险。随时间推移黑龙江东部大豆疫霉生理小种和致病型分化迅速,致病型变得复杂多样,对绝大多数Rps基因致病频率增加,单株毒性和群体致病力均增强;生理小种和新致病型在试验田与生产田间数量差异不大,但种类差别较大,试验田单株毒性和群体致病力更强。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献