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1.
采用自然污染呕吐毒素(DON)的小麦为材料,通过实验室磨粉机制粉得到麸皮、细麸、小麦粉等组成成分,利用高效液相色谱法测定各组分中DON含量,并与全麦粉中DON含量进行比较,分析小麦在磨粉加工前后DON的含量变化和分布情况。结果表明:小麦磨粉制得小麦粉后DON含量显著降低,含量为全麦粉的51.2%~77.7%;麸皮和细麸中DON含量显著升高,分别为为全麦粉的1.2~1.7倍和1.1~1.7倍。小麦粉中DON总量与小麦DON污染程度具有一定的相关性,随着小麦DON污染程度的增加,小麦粉DON总量呈上升趋势。小麦磨粉后,副产物总麸中DON占全麦粉DON总量的34.9%~49.3%,留存在可食用的小麦粉中的DON占全麦粉DON总量的31.6%~54.9%。研究结果表明,小麦经过磨粉加工可以有效地降低小麦粉中呕吐毒素的含量和总量分布。 相似文献
2.
赤霉病毒素（DON）去毒技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将天然污染赤霉病毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol)的小麦,用清水淘洗浮选后再经过加工制粉,可以使毒素含量为2.3mg/kg的小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的量减少75％,使毒素含量为1.2mg/kg的降低60％;6％的过氧化氢(加1％NaOH)去毒效果较明显,DON的含量可降低59％;用1％的亚硫酸氢钠处理的小麦,可去除毒素约30％;20％水分的小麦在100％氨气(加10％Na_2CO_3)中放置18小时,在10％氯气中暴露0.5小时,均可使毒素含量降低30％。 相似文献
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不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过研究不同有机物料替代对河南潮土化学性质及可溶性有机碳/氮(DOC/N)分布的影响,探讨潮土适宜有机物料替代比例。结果表明:不同有机物料替代较对照明显提高了土壤基本养分的含量。其中,秸秆替代化肥40%处理土壤有机质和土壤碱解氮的含量提高最明显分别达到13.4 g/kg、93.99 mg/kg;牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%~40%显著提升了土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,分别达到0.90 g/kg、2.94 mg/kg、224.97 mg/kg。秸秆单独替代较牛粪秸秆共同替代对土壤DOC提升效果好,其中秸秆替代化肥40%处理DOC含量最高达到15.45 mg/kg;而牛粪秸秆共同替代则提高了DON,其中牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的DON含量最大,为12.88 mg/kg。牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的可溶性有机质的SUVA254 nm最高[16.24 L/(g·cm)],说明此处理有利于富含芳香环结构的有机质物质的积累。综上所述,其中秸秆替代40%和秸秆牛粪共同替代30%~40%对土壤基本肥力提升相对更明显。 相似文献
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以3种小麦为原料,测定面粉生产过程中微生物的含量。结果表明,原料小麦清理前后微生物含量变化明显。小麦清理后,微生物的数量显著减少;润麦后微生物的含量又大幅上升,润麦是微生物增加的主要阶段;面粉及副产物中,微生物的含量按大麸、小麸、皮粉、心粉的顺序依次降低。 相似文献
7.
真菌毒素(mycotoxin)是小麦及面制食品重要的安全风险之一。为明确真菌毒素在小麦磨粉及食品加工链条中的变化规律,解决目前我国尚缺少面粉和面制食品真菌毒素限量标准的问题,开展小麦真菌毒素污染风险评估,以受玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)污染的小麦为材料,用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测了不同磨粉组分及馒头、面包、面条加工过程中不同环节加工品中ZEN的含量。结果表明,小麦磨粉后粗麸皮和细麸皮中ZEN的含量显著升高,达到小麦籽粒的2倍以上,小麦粉中ZEN的含量平均降低70%以上;小麦粉加工成馒头和面包后,ZEN的含量分别增高1.8倍和1.0倍,加工成面条后因ZEN在煮制过程中部分溶于水中而降低30%以上。研究结果表明,加工过程对小麦及面制食品中的毒素水平有显著影响,对小麦、面粉及不同的小麦制品分别制定ZEN限量更为科学合理。 相似文献
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面粉中微生物污染源的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对小麦制粉生产工艺的调研及对主要生产环节样品的微生物分析，了解了面粉中污染微生物的主要途径及其污染程度。结果表明，面粉中微生物污染源主要来自：原料小麦；原料在加工过程中的清理程度；润麦过程及润麦水的卫生状况；磨粉机内的积粉；面粉中的麸星。 相似文献
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3种质地土壤上As胁迫对小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了深入探讨壤土、黏土、沙土3种主要农田土壤质地条件下As胁迫对小麦的影响差异,研究了小麦灌浆期的根长、分蘖、分生根数目、干物质量等形态指标及旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、叶绿素含量等光合特性指标。结果表明:当As≤15 mg/kg时,小麦受到的胁迫作用不明显;当As≥30 mg/kg时,小麦则开始呈现出根长降低,分生根数目减少等明显的胁迫效应。当As≥30 mg/kg时,在壤土和黏土条件下生长的小麦根长较长,分生根数目较多,并且小麦旗叶的Pn、Gs、Ci、WUE、叶绿素相对含量较沙土条件下高。As胁迫对3种质地土壤上小麦植株干物质量影响不同,壤土上As≥30 mg/kg时、黏土上则As≥45 mg/kg时及沙土上各处理As胁迫下,小麦干物质量出现明显降低。总的来说,壤土和黏土条件可以在一定程度上缓解小麦所受到的As胁迫作用,而沙土对As胁迫缓解效果较差。因此,选择适宜的土壤质地种植小麦,能有效缓解As对小麦植株的胁迫作用。 相似文献
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1 优质小麦的概念及发展趋势 1.1 概念 小麦的品质包括加工品质和营养品质两个方面.加工品质包括磨粉品质 (硬度、筛理特性、出粉率等 )和食品加工品质.优质专用小麦主要指食品加工品质优良,主要成分符合以下标准:①强筋类 (面包专用 )蛋白质含量 >15%,沉淀值 >45ml,湿面筋含量 >35%,稳定时间 >10min;②中筋类 (馒头、面条等专用 )蛋白质含量 >12%,沉淀值 >25ml,稳定时间≥ 3min,湿面筋含量 >25%;③弱筋类 (饼干、糕点等专用 )蛋白质含量 <10%,沉淀值 <18ml,湿面筋含量 22%～ 26%,稳定时间≤ 2.5min. 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
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J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
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Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus. 相似文献
20.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献