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本研究的目的是测定断奶和增加饲料锌含量对断奶仔猪体内锌铜水平的影响（试验1）,研究高锌饲料或高铜饲料对断奶仔猪体内锌铜水平的影响（试验2）。试验1使用54头仔猪（每圈9头,共6圈）。断奶前1天每圈屠宰1只仔猪。剩余48只仔猪28d断奶,分别饲喂4种不同锌含量（100、250、1000．2500ppm）的饲料,然后分别在断奶后1～2d,5～6d,14～15d进行屠宰。 相似文献
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选择800只体重在500g的艾维茵肉雏鸡,设4个试验处理,每一处理200只。4个处理中以典型的肉鸡饲料配方同时添加土霉素和盐霉素为对照组;在对照组饲料中添加0.7%小苏打,简称小苏打组;用250ppm高铜替代对照组饲料中的土霉素,简称高铜组;用0.7%小苏打添加到250ppm高铜替代对照组土霉素的饲料中,简称高铜小苏打组。肉雏饲养试验从18日龄开始至56日龄结束。试验结果表明,象土霉素这种抑菌促生长药物添加剂可被小苏打部分替代或被高铜和小苏打全部替代;小苏打组的饲喂效果最好,单位增重饲料消耗比对照组节省4.9%;添加高铜对肉鸡生长无明显作用,肉鸡可以耐受250ppm高剂量来自硫酸铜的铜离子;在对照组饲料中添加0.7%小苏打,每只肉鸡的单位增重耗料成本依然比对照组节省0.153元。 相似文献
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选择800只体重在500g的艾维茵肉雏鸡，设4个试验处理，每一处理200只。4个处理中以典型的肉鸡饲料配方同时添加土霉素和盐霉素为对照组，在对照组饲料中添加0．7％小苏打，简称小苏打组；用250ppm高铜替代对照组饲料中的土霉素，简称高铜组，用0．7％小苏打添加到250ppm高铜替代对照组土霉素的饲料中，简称高铜小苏打组，肉雏饲养试验从18日龄开始至56日龄结束，试验结果表明，象土霉素这种抑菌促生长药物添加剂可被小苏打部分替代或被高铜和小苏打全部替代；小苏打组的饲喂效果最好，单位增重饲料消耗比对照组节省4．9％，添加高铜对肉鸡生长无明显作用，肉鸡可以耐受250ppm高剂量来自硫酸铜的铜离子，在对照组饲料中添加0．7％小苏打，每只肉鸡的单位增生耗料成本依然比对照组节省0．153元。 相似文献
4.
旨在探索高铜对大鼠肝组织损伤的作用机制。试验选取120只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、高铜I组、高铜II组、高铜III组和高铜IV组,分别连续每天按体重灌胃0、20、40、80、160 mg·kg-1铜63 d,采集肝组织。使用ICP-MS测定肝组织铜含量,病理切片观察肝组织病理变化,透射电镜观察线粒体形态和线粒体自噬小体,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测肝组织NLRP3、Caspase-1、GSDMD、IL-1β、IL-18、Pink1、Parkin、LCB3、p62的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,随着灌胃铜水平的增加,蓄积在肝组织中的铜含量呈剂量依赖性增加,且长期高水平铜暴露会造成明显的肝组织结构破坏;随着铜暴露水平的增加,线粒体自噬和细胞焦亡水平呈先上升后下降趋势;与对照组相比,高铜Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组中PINK1和LC3II/LC3I的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著上升(P＜0.05),高铜Ⅱ组中p62的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05),高铜Ⅲ组NLRP3、Caspase-1、GSDMD、IL-1β的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著上升(P＜0.05),高铜IV组表现为下调。高铜长期暴露可通过影响线粒体自噬和细胞焦亡诱导大鼠肝组织损伤。 相似文献
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本研究选用72只6周龄京白鸡,随机分为A、B、C、D、E和F六组,分别饲喂钙、锌水平不同的日粮(各组锌、钙分别为:21.5ppm,0.95％;21.5ppm,1.95％;21.5ppm,2.95％;49ppm,0.95％;49ppm,1.95％;49ppm,2.95％),进行为期30天的饲养试验。试验中观察增重和临床变化;饲养结束时,取全血、羽毛、胫骨、肝和肾等组织的样本,测定其锌、钙、铁、铜、锰等元素的含量。试验结果是,D组增重和发育良好;A组稍次于D组;其他各组出现程度不同的临床症状,并且这些组所测组织锌含量明显低于D、A组,且其羽毛铁、骨铜、羽毛锰含量明显升高,而羽毛铜、肾铜及肾锰则显著降低。 相似文献
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日粮铜水平对肉鸡组织中矿物元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选1日龄肉用型雏鸡198只,随机分成6组。各组日粮铜水平分别为1.03ppm、50ppm.100 ppm、150ppm、250ppm、350 ppm。试验期8周。结果表明,增加日粮铜含量能显著提高组织铜含量。组织铜含量依次为肝>肾>骨>羽毛>肌肉。毛铜与日粮铜含量呈强正相关,毛铜含量可作为雏鸡铜营养状况的一个指标。铜和铁在代谢中存在拮抗关系,锰和铜存在协同关系,铜和锌在肉中表现为拮抗,在毛中表现为协同,日粮铜对组织中钙无显著影响。 相似文献
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日粮钙、锌水平对蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏金属硫蛋白含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究由两个实验组成,分别观察了不同钙、锌日粮水平下,肝脏和肾脏细胞浆内金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的动态变化.实验1,在含锌30.2～30.8ppm的大豆—玉米型基础日粮中,分别添加0.72%、3.0%和6.0%的钙,其中3%钙组在实验第220d后,在日粮中添加40ppm锌,继续饲喂9d.实验2,在基础日粮中分别添加1000ppm、2OO0ppm、4O00ppm和4000ppm锌,饲喂13d,其后,第4组(日粮中添加4000ppm锌组)改喂基础日粮.结果如下:实验1,各组肝脏和肾脏锌含量均显著低于实验前的水平,其中6%钙组尤为明显;各组肝、肾细胞浆中MT含量均<0.6ppm,且与其组织锌含量呈正相关;3%钙组添加40ppm锌后,肝、肾锌及MT含量迅速增加,明显高于添加前的水平.由此表明,高钙日粮干扰了肝、肾锌的代谢和MT的合成.实验2,肝、肾锌及MT含量与锌的添加水平及接触锌的时间长短有关,锌含量与MT的变动呈正相关,且MT的增高幅度显著大于锌;切断外加锌源后,肝、肾锌及其MT含量迅速减少,其衰减期分别为9(5～10)和6(5～7)d;MT含量的变动与其他含锌蛋白亦有一定关联.实验2表明,肝脏是合成及贮存NT的主要器官,其效能强于肾脏,MT含量能准确反映体内锌状态. 相似文献
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选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献