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1.
Tawanda Marandure Godswill Makombe Baldwin Nengovhela Phillip Strydom Voster Muchenje 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(3):199-206
The objective of this study was to examine the factors influencing smallholder producers’ potential to sell cattle and identify marketing opportunities for sustainable beef production in South Africa. A total of 95 structured questionnaires was administered to the Ncorha and Gxwalibomvu communities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Average cattle herd size per household was higher (P < 0.05) in Ncorha (13.7 ± 1.9) than in Gxwalibomvu (11.3 ± 1.9). The logit model showed that households with few members, young farmers, Christians, large cattle herds, low income levels and access to extension services had high potential to sell cattle compared with other households (P < 0.05). Beef branding (～40% of respondents from each community), feedlotting (～30%), group marketing (～25%) and forward contracting (>5%) were mentioned as potential strategies for improving commercial marketing of cattle in the studied areas. Most producers (70%) indicated their potential and willingness to participate in developing a natural pasture-fed beef brand. Overall, commercial marketing of beef cattle raised on communally owned natural pastures in the surveyed areas in South Africa was largely determined by farmer’s demographic characteristics, cattle herd size and access to extension services with branding and feedlotting as the major opportunities for improving sales. 相似文献
2.
Irenie Chakoma 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2019,36(2):95-104
In smallholder systems, farmers are increasingly becoming aware of the need to improve livestock productivity through production of quality fodder. This is in response to scarcity of feed, particularly in the dry season, associated with seasonal variations, land degradation and the need to meet increases in demand for livestock products. The study investigated forage seed production, marketing, challenges faced and opportunities along the value chain in Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 414 smallholder farmer households through a survey, four focus group discussions and 12 key informants. Results show that forage seed is mainly sourced from development organisations. Actors include farmer producers, seed companies, research and extension institutions, and NGOs. Seed is disseminated through sales to other farmers and organisations, sharing, seed exchanges and payment for services. Challenges include unavailability of seed, under-developed markets, weak or non-existent linkages between seed suppliers and farmers, limited knowledge on seed production and marketing, and low market prices. Forage seed have comparatively higher gross margins (US$611.61 for mucuna and US$644.14 for cowpea) compared with conventional seed such as maize (?US$382.70). Opportunities arise from the growing demand for animal products, which is associated with expanding populations and the need for improved nutrition. 相似文献
3.
Wayne D Purcell Jayson Lusk 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(2):463-92, viii
Demand is not measured by per capita consumption. Demand is a schedule of the quantities consumers will take at alternative prices. The level of demand and demand changes over time are tied to consumer incomes, prices of substitutes, and consumer tastes and preferences. Critical to increasing meat demand is a greater understanding of consumer preferences for new meat products. Developing branded products such as "natural" or "guaranteed-tender" beef may not be the answer for all cattle producers, but research suggests that there are segments of the population willing to pay premiums for such products. Differentiating meat products through technology and branding provides a means of better meeting consumers' desires and increasing overall demand for meat and livestock. 相似文献
4.
Gary W Brester John M Marsh Ronald L Plain 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(2):493-518
The maturation of the US beef and pork markets and increasing consumer demands for convenience, safety, and nutrition suggests that the beef and pork industries must focus on product development and promotion. New marketing arrangements are developing that help coordinate production with consumer demands. The relative high levels of incomes in the United States are likely to increase the demands for branded products rather than increase total per capita consumption. Foreign markets represent the greatest opportunity for increased demand for commodity beef and pork products. Increasing incomes in developing countries will likely allow consumers to increase consumption of animal-source proteins. Real prices of beef and pork have declined substantially because of sagging domestic demand and increasing farm-level production technologies. Increasing US beef and pork exports have obviated some of the price declines. Pork attained a net export position from a quantity perspective in 1995. The United States continues to be a net importer of beef on a quantity basis but is close to becoming a net exporter in terms of value. By-products continue to play a critical role in determining the red meat trade balance and producer prices. The United States, however, must continue to become cost, price, and quality competitive with other suppliers and must secure additional market access if it is to sustain recent trade trends. Several trade tensions remain in the red meat industry. For example, mandated COOL will undoubtedly have domestic and international effects on the beef and pork sectors. Domestically, uncertainty regarding consumer demand responses or quality perceptions regarding product origin, as well as added processor-retailer costs will be nontrivial. How these factors balance out in terms of benefits versus costs to the industry is uncertain. From an international perspective, some beef and pork export suppliers to the United States could view required labeling as a trade restriction, which could ultimately impact future US red meat exports. Conversely, some countries may view such labeling requirements as an opportunity to brand high-quality products. The US lamb meat industry has experienced declining real prices, domestic production, and demand. The cessation of wool incentive payments, increased environmental regulations, and competition by imports have significantly affected the industry. Import suppliers have capitalized on product quality in this niche market. Trade restrictions initially imposed in 1999 by the US Government were ruled illegal by the WTO. The US Government responded by providing financial assistance to lamb producers. Product quality improvements and promotion aimed at the domestic market, however, will be critical factors in shaping the economic viability of the US lamb meat industry. 相似文献
5.
Grace Delia Gilbert Jeff Randolph Thomas Kang&#;ethe Erastus 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):67-74
Individual interviews were conducted in 137 households using semi-structured questionnaires to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on production constraints faced by indigenous chicken producers in the rural areas of South Africa. The major constraints to village chicken production were mortality (95 % of the households) followed by feed shortage (85 %) and low chicken sales (72 %). The logistic regression model showed that households that owned imported/crossbred chickens practiced extensive production system without housing structures and did not have vaccines were more likely to experience high levels of chicken mortality. Poor and youth-headed households with no supplements and vaccines had high probability of Newcastle disease. The probability of a household to experience chicken feed shortage was lower in households that owned indigenous chickens than those that owned imported/crossbred chickens (odds ratio, 11.68; 95 % confidence interval, 1.19–27.44). Youth-headed households that had small flocks and no access to veterinary services were not likely to sell chickens. It was concluded that gender, age, wealth status, production system, chicken flock size, type of chicken breed owned, accessibility of veterinary services, availability of supplements, vaccines and shelter influence village chicken farmer’s production constraints such as feed availability, chicken mortality, prevalence of diseases and chicken sales. 相似文献
6.
Ronald L Plain John D Lawrence 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(2):319-337
The US swine industry is large and growing. The quantity of pork desired by consumers of US pork is growing at the rate of 1.5%/y. New production systems and new technology have enabled production per sow to grow at a rate of 4% annually in recent years. Consequently, the number of sows in the United States is declining. Because productivity growth is outpacing demand growth, the deflated price of hogs and pork is declining. Hog production and prices continue to exhibit strong seasonal and cyclic patterns. Pork production is usually lowest in the summer and highest in the fall. Production and prices tend to follow 4-year patterns. The US swine industry continues to evolve toward fewer and larger producers who rely on contracts for both hog production and marketing. In 2000, over half of the hogs marketed were from approximately 156 firms marketing more than 50,000 head annually. These producers finished 60% of their production in contract facilities. Over 90% of their marketings were under contract or were owned by a packer. These producers expressed a high level of satisfaction with hog production. Both they and their contract growers were satisfied with production contracts. These large producers were satisfied with their marketing contracts and planned to continue them in the future. The hog industry has changed a great deal in the last decade. There is little reason to believe this rapid rate of change will not continue. This swine industry is highly competitive and profit driven. Profit margins are too small to allow producers the luxury of ignoring new technology and innovative production systems. Consequently, hog production will continue its rapid evolution from traditional agriculture to typical industry. 相似文献
7.
Julie M. K. Ojango James Audho Edwin Oyieng Maren Radeny Philip Kimeli John Recha Anne W. T. Muigai 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1871-1879
Livestock traders are a key conduit for incentives in livestock production systems. Their actions affect producer prices, investment decisions, and their livelihoods. However, smallholder farmers in rural communities of eastern Africa often have limited understanding of the marketing process and the interactions among market actors. This study was undertaken following the introduction of improved indigenous goat and sheep breeds in Climate Smart Villages of Nyando in western Kenya. We sought to understand the marketing of sheep and goats in five key rural markets used by the smallholder farmers of Nyando, to generate information on key market actors, their functions in the value chain, and their preferences for attributes in sheep and goats. Most traders (65%) in all the markets were men. Four different types of traders operated in the markets, producers, retailers, wholesalers, and brokers, each making a profit. Preference for selling sheep or goats and the animal attributes desired by the traders differed depending on the surrounding community. Markets in Kericho County of Nyando traded more goats than sheep while those in Kisumu County of Nyando traded more sheep than goats. There were no clear policies guiding pricing of animals. Prices offered to producers depended on previous days, and the number of animals available for sale at the marketing point. The collaborative group actions of the producers in the Climate Smart Villages did not extend beyond the level of production to the marketing of their livestock. A critical change is required for the smallholder farmers to derive better incomes from improved quality of animals following adoption of improved breeding and management practices. The results illustrate the need to engage rural market actors when implementing livestock improvement programs for smallholder farmers for better farm gate prices of animals, and thus achieve the improved incomes envisioned. 相似文献
8.
After the broad industrialization of the US pork industry, there has been a development of niche markets for export and domestic pork; that is, there is a pork niche market phenomenon. The US pork niche market phenomenon is characterized, and 2 of the major markets are explained in detail. With the Midwest's tradition of a diversified family-based agriculture and record low hog prices of the late 1990s, the conditions were conducive for this phenomenon to develop. Pork niche markets utilize various sales methods including Internet sales, local abattoir sales, direct marketing, farmer networks, and targeting to organized groups. In 2003, there were approximately 35 to 40 active pork niche marketing efforts in Iowa. The Berkshire breed is an example of a swine breed that has had a recent resurgence because of niche markets. Berkshire pork is known for tenderness and excellent quality. Berkshire registrations have increased 4-fold in the last 10 yr. One of the larger niche marketers of "natural pork" is Niman Ranch Pork, which has more than 400 farmer-producers and processes about 2,500 pigs weekly. Many US consumers of pork are interested in issues concerning the environment, food safety, pig welfare, and pig farm ownership and structure. These consumers may be willing to pay more for pork from farmers who are also concerned about these issues. Small- and medium-sized swine farmers are active in pork niche markets. Niche markets claim product differentiation by superior or unique product quality and social attributes. Quality attributes include certain swine breeds, and meat quality, freshness, taste or flavor, and tenderness. Social or credence attributes often are claimed and include freedom from antibiotics and growth promotants; local family farm production; natural, organic, outdoor, or bedded rearing; humane rearing; known origin; environmentally friendly production; and the absence of animal by-products in the feed. Niche pork markets and alternative swine production practices offer an unusual contrast to commodity pork markets and industrial confinement swine production. Because they strive to have these attributes in their product, the niche pork market producers are a distinct clientele group. If niche pork markets continue to flourish, the markets and the producers that supply them will be a viable sector in a diverse US pork industry. 相似文献
9.
Status and prospects for livestock production in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Wilson RT 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(6):443-452
Some 16 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product of the Lao PDR arises from the livestock sector. Almost all output - live animals
and products - is from traditional small scale production and about 90 per cent of all households in the country keep one
or more species of livestock. Industrial or large scale production is of very minor importance even for pigs and poultry.
Considerable international assistance has been provided for livestock development, initially from the Socialist states that
were of the same political persuasion as Lao PDR and more recently from multilateral and bilateral development assistance
agencies. In general this assistance has not conferred lasting benefits on the sector in part due to the failure of the Lao
Government to provide continuing support commensurate with the sector’s contribution to the national economy. Buffalo (1.1
million head in 2004) and cattle (1.3 million head) are the main ruminant species with goats and sheep (140 000 head) occupying
a very minor position. Both pigs (1.7 million) and poultry (19.6 million) are major contributors to the household and national
economies. Buffalo are now mainly meat producers, their former draught and transport roles having been taken over by mechanical
equipment. Cattle, also once used for draught, are almost exclusively producers of beef. Pigs and poultry produce meat and
poultry provide eggs. Lao indigenous livestock are mainly kept in low input systems, thus output is also low. Nothing is known
of the genetic potential of the indigenous stock which are the victims of poor management, inadequate nutrition and minimal
health care. There is strong and rising demand for products of animal origin within the country and in the greater Southeast
Asia and East Asia regions. Given suitable and appropriate support the Lao livestock sector would be in a strong position
to contribute to supplying this demand. 相似文献
10.
Wijkstrom UN 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(Z1):461-468
If real prices for fish remain at the levels they had attained by 1999, in the year 2050 demand for fish and shellfish as food could be of the order of 270 million tons (live weight equivalent) per year. If producers were able to supply these quantities consumption would rise by 176% over this 50-year period. To meet the demand supply would have to expand at the rate of 2.1% annually; but, a review of the pattern of population growth--and of historical patterns of increases in per capita consumption of fish--shows that annual growth in the volume of fish demanded is likely to be largest in the coming two decades, and then to taper off. Will producers be able to deliver? It is clear that wild marine stocks at present harvested by capture fishermen cannot support fisheries that would yield much more than 100 million tons per year and of this amount a significant proportion will continue to be used for fish meal and oil production. The question therefore narrows down to: can aquaculture, or non-traditional marine species, supply the required amounts? The historical context of supply is considerably different from that which has prevailed during the past 30 years. At that time the growing demand in OECD countries was met partly through imports of fish produced in the seas and lakes of developing countries. During coming decades the increased demand in developing countries must be met essentially through their own resources. In fact, in poor countries it seems unlikely that supply will respond to demand unless they experience economic growth. 相似文献
11.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2009,18(2):325-337
In 2002, the US government encouraged the production of ethanol and other biofuels through a combination of tax benefits and direct subsidies. Most of the ethanol produced in the United States comes from corn, the most abundant crop available. In 2002, 11% of available US corn was used for ethanol production. By 2008, approximately 30% of the US corn crop was used for ethanol production. The increased demand for corn supplies as a result of the diversion of significant amounts of corn for biofuel production in the United States, combined with increased world demands for feed grains, have resulted in unprecedented feed prices for livestock and poultry. Feed ingredient costs as a percentage of live production costs have increased from 51.8% in 2001 to 68.7% in 2008. Live production costs for broilers increased from $0.25 per pound of live weight in September 2006 to $0.45 in 2008. Similarly, live production costs for turkey meat increased from $0.35 per pound in 2006 to $0.58 in 2008, whereas the live production costs for a dozen eggs increased from $0.34 to $0.56. The increased costs of feed ingredients in the United States have resulted in $9.36 billion in cumulative additional costs to the poultry industries since 2006. Despite increases in land planted to corn and soybeans, the demand for feed grains has outpaced the supply. These factors will likely continue to put pressure on poultry producers in the United States as they seek to regain profitability. 相似文献
12.
J M Gillespie A R Schupp 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1998,14(3):373-386
The ratite industry remains in the market introduction stage of evolution; basic information on markets and production is limited. It is uncertain when, or perhaps whether, either the ostrich or emu industries will progress to the market growth stage. Until significant expansion occurs, ratite operations are likely to be faced with low or even nonexistant profits. It is the authors' observation that the ostrich industry is making slow but significant progress toward introducing products into potential growth markets. The fact that ostrich products were in demand prior to the ostrich being introduced into North America has helped the industry. The future of the emu industry appears to be much less certain. In the authors' opinion, in order for the emu industry to become profitable and grow, significant promotion of emu meat and immediate resolution of the value of the oil must be achieved. Meat sales alone will not carry emu production as a profitable commercial enterprise. Veterinarians can derive significant conclusions from this information. Currently, ratite production is composed of firms generating losses or minimal profits. South African producers are receiving approximately the same amount for a slaughter ostrich as North American producers. It is unlikely that North American ostrich prices will increase significantly. Prices of ostrich breeders of $2,000 to $4,000 per pair and $400 to $450 for slaughter birds are likely to remain the same for some time. Given that world demand has increased at a slower rate than supply, prices may decrease further. Breeder and slaughter birds will continue to require significant veterinary care; however, the producer will be forced to perform more farm treatments, given the negligible margins. Based on the differences in efficiency of existing operations, there are ample opportunities for veterinarians and extension services to assist producers. Vertical coordination in the ratite industry may evolve slowly in the future, especially in the arid regions of the country; however, economies of size in ratite slaughter are likely to remain uncaptured in the short run, limiting the rate at which vertical coordination evolves. If significant opportunities develop for veterinarians in vertically integrated ratite firms, the emphasis, as with other intensive livestock operations, will be preventative rather than therapeutic medicine, and will involve the integration of nutrition, management, genetics, and the control of disease. 相似文献
13.
US market for food animal veterinary medical services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J K Wise 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(12):1530-1533
American agribusiness is undergoing significant change and stress. In the future, agriculture faces continued instability and uncertainty because of ever-changing global economic conditions, rapid technological advances, increasing production efficiencies, shifts in demand for agricultural products, and a growing dependence of US producers on increasingly competitive world markets. In order to better understand changes and trends facing food animal veterinarians, the AVMA's Executive Board at its March 1986 meeting approved a proposal from the Council on Public Relations for a study of the US food animal market for veterinary medical services. The objectives of the study were to describe the current market for veterinary medical services, products, and information; determine and explain the demand for food animal veterinary services provided by private practicing veterinarians; and identify markets representing potential demand for which marketing strategies could be developed. 相似文献
14.
Objective To examine the impact of improving the average value of cows sold, the risk of decreasing the number weaned, and total sales on the profitability of northern Australian cattle breeding properties. Design Gather, model and interpret breeder herd performances and production parameters on properties from six beef‐producing regions in northern Australia. Procedure Production parameters, prices, costs and herd structure were entered into a herd simulation model for six northern Australian breeding properties that spay females to enhance their marketing options. After the data were validated by management, alternative management strategies were modelled using current market prices and most likely herd outcomes. Results The model predicted a close relationship between the average sale value of cows, the total herd sales and the gross margin/adult equivalent. Keeping breeders out of the herd to fatten generally improves their sale value, and this can be cost‐effective, despite the lower number of progeny produced and the subsequent reduction in total herd sales. Furthermore, if the price of culled cows exceeds the price of culled heifers, provided there are sufficient replacement pregnant heifers available to maintain the breeder herd nucleus, substantial gains in profitability can be obtained by decreasing the age at which cows are culled from the herd. Conclusion Generalised recommendations on improving reproductive performance are not necessarily the most cost‐effective strategy to improve breeder herd profitability. Judicious use of simulation models is essential to help develop the best turnoff strategies for females and to improve station profitability. 相似文献
15.
第四季度乳业市场逐渐稳定,生鲜乳价格出现下滑,零售终端价格战频繁。从国内前三季度上市公司报表看出,乳业头部品牌继续高速增长,但利润增速有所放缓;区域乳品企业业绩出现分化,利润普遍下滑;特色乳品销售额和利润都普遍增长。第四季度的世界杯大赛促使国内乳品企业展开了体育营销,蒙牛成为最大赢家;双“11”促销中,强者恒强的特征依然明显;进入12月,春节销售大战开启,市场竞争激烈。第四季度的新产品呈现出高价值、高营养、产地化的特征,这充分说明消费者对于乳品的消费升级的需求明显,随着市场逐渐恢复,这类产品将具有广阔的市场。 相似文献
16.
17.
Takeyuki OZAWA Jiro NISHITANI Sachiko ODAKE Nicolas LOPEZ-VILLALOBOS Hugh T. BLAIR 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(4):305-312
Three surveys and a sensory evaluation of goat meat were conducted in Japan to examine the current needs and future possibilities of goat meat consumption. The experimental results of the present study lead us to conclude the following: (i) improving the smell of goat meat and combining the sale of goat meat with recipes may increase goat meat demand among housewives; (ii) it seems to be difficult to disseminate Okinawa goat cuisine to non‐Okinawa residents because of the typical odor of goat meat, which is unlikely to be preferred by the public; (iii) the “chewiness” of goat meat is rated highly by young participants according to a sensory evaluation, and loin meat is rated highly compared with hind leg meat; and (iv) there is a rapidly increasing interest and a tremendous purchasing drive towards goat meat among university students. However, these facts call for further investigation of the goat meat demand in Japan. The following three further experiments are needed to solve this issue: (i) breeding to improve the taste of goat meat; (ii) expanding the marketing of goat meat combined with the invention of Japanese‐style goat recipes and tie‐in sales supermarkets; and (iii) implementing further sensory analyses to compare goat meat with other meat and carrying out market analysis in Japan. 相似文献
18.
19.
Dana Nigussie van der Waaij Liesbeth H. Dessie Tadelle van Arendonk Johan A. M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1519-1529
To generate information essential for the implementation of breeding schemes suitable for village poultry producers in Ethiopia,
a survey was conducted aimed at defining the socioeconomic characteristics of the production environments in different geographic
regions, understanding the important functions of chickens, identifying farmers’ choice of chicken breeds and the underlying
factors that determine the choice of genetic stock used. The survey included both questionnaire survey and a participatory
group discussion. A total of 225 households (45 households from each of five Woredas) were interviewed. The questionnaire was designed to collect data covering general information on village poultry production
such as socio-management characteristics, production objectives, population structure, breed choice and trait preferences,
market preferences of specific traits, and farmers’ selection practices. The participatory farmers’ discussions were designed
to involve stakeholders in defining the breeding objective “traits” and deriving their relative importance in the production
environment based on the different functions of chickens and “traits” identified in the interviews. The results showed that
production of eggs for consumption is the principal function of chickens in most regions followed by the use as source of
income and meat for home consumption. The production system in all geographic regions studied revealed similar features generally
characterized by extensive scavenging management, absence of immunization programs, increased risk of exposure of birds to
disease and predators, and reproduction entirely based on uncontrolled natural mating and hatching of eggs using broody hens.
Farmers’ ratings of indigenous chickens with respect to modern breeds showed the highest significance of the adaptive traits
in general, and the superior merits of indigenous chickens to high yielding exotic breeds in particular. Adaptation to the
production environment was the most important attribute of chickens in all the study areas. The high significance attributed
to reproduction traits indicates the need for maintaining broody behavior and high level of hatchability while breeding for
improved productivity of indigenous chickens for village conditions. The market price of chickens is primarily dictated by
weight, but farmers rated growth (males) and number of eggs followed by growth (females) as the production traits they would
like the most to be improved. Therefore, the ultimate breeding goal should be to develop a dual-purpose breed based on indigenous
chicken genetic resources with any of the comb types other than single for all the regions studied having the most preferred
white body plumage for farmers in the Amhara region and red body plumage for those in Oromia, Benshangul-Gumuz, and Southern
regions. 相似文献
20.
Grave K Kaldhusdal MC Kruse H Harr LM Flatlandsmo K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,62(1):59-72
When avoparcin was prohibited for use as feed additive in poultry in Norway on 31 May 1995, an increased incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis (NE) and an increase in the use of antibacterial (AB) drug therapy in meat-type poultry was expected. The consumption of AB drugs for use against NE in poultry in the period 1990-2001 was investigated by use of sales statistics at the drug-wholesaler level. Defined daily dose (DDD) per kg live weight poultry was the unit of measurement for drug use (to correct for differences in the dosages). Sales figures of the AB drugs were converted to number of DDDpoultry sold for the numbers of broilers at risk (broilers were 97% of the slaughter poultry). Estimated annual percentages of the broilers treated against NE increased abruptly after the avoparcin ban--but in 1996, this figure declined to the same level as before the ban and has remained at that low level since then. In November 1995, narasin was approved temporarily as an ionophore feed additive (IFA) in broilers. The usage patterns of IFAs in broilers were measured as the weight of feed to which an IFA was added per broiler chicken produced. In 1996-2001, the IFAs used in broilers were predominantly narasin. We note that the temporary increase in NE after the avoparcin ban coincide with the period before narasin became available. The increase in the consumption of AB drugs for the treatment of NE in poultry following the avoparcin ban has been negligible. 相似文献