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采用溶液培养法,以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)品种‘午夜'为试验材料,研究了不同硅素水平对草地早熟禾硅素吸收、叶片相对电导率、根冠比和根系生长发育的影响。结果表明:随着硅素浓度的增加,硅素吸收速率显著增加;低浓度硅素处理并未对根冠比产生显著影响,高浓度硅素处理显著增加了根冠比;叶片相对电导率随着硅素水平的增加而呈现先降低后增加的趋势。当硅素浓度达到0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,叶片相对电导率最低;随着硅素浓度的增加,草地早熟禾根系总表面积和总长逐渐增加;根系直径随着硅素水平的增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势,硅素浓度为0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,根系直径最大,当硅素浓度达到1.0 mmol·L~(-1)时,根系直径显著降低;在低浓度硅素处理下,根条数变化不大,当硅素浓度达到0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,根条数显著增加。可见,适宜浓度的硅素处理有利于草地早熟禾硅素的吸收和根系生长。 相似文献
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多效唑对高羊茅扩展性和根系特性的调控效应 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在盆栽条件下,研究了喷施多效唑对高羊茅Festuca arundinacea单株扩展性和根系生态特性的影响,结果表明：在1001 900 mg/L质量浓度范围内,多效唑能有效抑制高羊茅植株的生长速度、地上枝叶的水平扩展、地上植物量的积累和根系生长,提高根系的表面积、体积和根冠比,促进分蘖和地下植物量的积累,质量浓度越高,调控效应越明显。质量浓度大于1 000 mg/L时,对分蘖的影响趋缓;大于1 300 mg/L时,对地上最大扩展距离、覆盖面积和地上植物量的影响趋缓。质量浓度为1 300 mg/L时,地下植物量、根系体积最大,根冠比最高。 相似文献
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柳枝稷和白羊草苗期水分利用与根冠比的比较 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
室内生长箱内柳枝稷和白羊草苗期水分利用与根冠比的试验结果表明，低水下柳枝稷光合速率降低，蒸腾速率增大，叶片水分利用效率减小，根长增加，整体水分利用率降低，但生产力的根冠分配与高水相差较小。低水也造成白羊草光合降低，但蒸腾速率减小幅度更大，叶片水分利用效率反而提高，主要原因是白羊草叶片气孔具有较强的随水分条件变化的调节作用。白羊草的根系在低水下伸长速率减慢，根长／株高降低，水分条件好时根系也能够迅速生长，特别是加强根系的生产力分配。不同水分下白羊草消耗单位水分形成的生产力均大于柳枝稷，说明白羊草在苗期对土壤水分变化的适应能力比柳枝稷要强。 相似文献
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家畜中毒性疾病是当前危害畜禽较大的一类疾病,发生普遍、既是群发病,也是多发病,特别是有毒植物中毒,又常具有地区和季节性,在草原和牧场更是造成影响家畜繁殖、增重、管理甚至死亡的一种严重问题,同时某些植物毒素还间级影响人类健康。为了预防植物中毒的发生和防制毒草的繁殖,将引起家畜中毒的原因,常见有毒植物及其有毒成份,中毒症状等简介如后: 相似文献
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《草业与畜牧》2017,(4)
以"01998"鸭茅为供试材料,通过设置正常浇水、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱4种处理,利用光照培养箱模拟干旱胁迫-复水法测定鸭茅的株高、产量、根冠比、叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、根系活力等生理指标,研究了鸭茅响应干旱胁迫-复水的补偿效应影响。结果表明,轻度干旱对鸭茅生长无显著影响。恢复供水后轻度干旱的产量均显著高于对照、中度干旱和重度干旱处理,表现出明显的超补效益,说明轻度干旱-复水响应方式不影响甚至提高其产量水平;在不同程度干旱胁迫下叶片相对含水量、根系活力显著下降,根冠比值持续增加,脯氨酸含量倍增。复水后,叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量迅速恢复正常,根系活力在复水9天时显著高于正常供水处理,使鸭茅植株迅速恢复正常的新陈代谢和生长发育。因此,在人工栽培条件下,利用鸭茅轻度干旱-复水响应的方式产生"补偿和超补偿效应"能够实现集约高产栽培。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫及复水对狼尾草幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究以狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)新品系LS-1为试验材料,研究在土壤干旱胁迫及复水条件下叶片相对含水量(RWC)、根冠比(R/S)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量的变化情况,探讨干旱胁迫对狼尾草生物学特性、叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响,为优良抗旱品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明,随着土壤干旱胁迫时间的延长,狼尾草幼苗叶片相对含水量减小,根冠比增大,SOD和POD活性在土壤含水量降到5%时显著增强(P0.05),脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加。复水后,狼尾草叶片各项生理指标均表现出不同程度的恢复。本研究表明,干旱胁迫可以促进狼尾草根系保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量提高,对其应用于干旱地区园林绿化、生态修复具有重要价值。 相似文献
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我乡各地有种植苦谏树的习惯，常把苦株树，种在猪舍前后用作遮荫。一旦苦株树果熟蒂落，猪大量采食苦林子，引起中毒、死亡，给养猪户造成损失。下面谈谈本人对此病的肤浅认识。回中霉的原因苦林子含有苦辣毒碱，它对猪的造血、呼吸等器官均有明显的损坏作用，能使肺、胃、肝、脾的生理功能造成严重失调，最后缺氧死亡。当人们用苦林子给猪驱虫，用量过大时也会发生中毒。2临床症状采食量多者症状重，死亡快；少者症状轻。常见的轻微中毒症状是食欲减少或停止，步态不稳，精神不振，有呻吟声等。重度中毒症状是全身震颤、痉挛以至麻痹，四… 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献