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1.
采用平均体重为 65± 1.85 kg的瘘管猪 6头，研究酪蛋白日粮和无氮日粮对猪回肠内源氨基酸排出量的影响。试验结果表明，酪蛋白组中，除 Met、 Phe、 Pro外，几乎所有的内源氨基酸排出量均高于无氮日粮组。其中， His、 Ile、 Lys、 Thr、 Val、 Asp、 Glu、 Gly、 Ser差异显著 (P< 0.05)。酪蛋白组的内源氮排出量、内源总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的排出量均显著高于无氮日粮组 (P< 0.05)，提高的百分比分别为 94.1％、 73.0％、 76.4％和 74.8％。由本次试验结果可以得出，无氮日粮法低估了猪的回肠内源氨基酸损失，而在无氮日粮中添加肽类物质（本试验中添加量为 5％）对内源氨基酸的排出有刺激作用。  相似文献   

2.
无氮日粮和酷蛋白对猪回肠内源氨基酸排出量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用平均体重为65±1.85kg的瘘管猪6头，研究酪蛋白日粮和无氮日粮对猪回肠内源氨基酸排出量的影响。试验结果表明，酪蛋白组中，除Met、Phe、Pro外，几乎所有的内源氨基酸排出量均高于无氮日粮组。其中，His、Ile、Lys、Thr、Val、Asp、Glu、Gly、Ser差异显著(P<0.05)。酪蛋白组的内源氮排出量、内源总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的排出量均显著高于无氮日粮组(P<0.05)，提高的百分比分别为941％、730％、764％和748％。由本次试验结果可以得出，无氮日粮法低估了猪的回肠内源氨基酸损失，而在无氮日粮中添加肽类物质（本试验中添加量为5％）对内源氨基酸的排出有刺激作用。  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在研究日粮类型和不同种类的指示剂对生长猪氨基酸表观回肠消化率(AID)和标准回肠消化率(SID)的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计,将24头初始体重(31.2±1.8)kg、杜×长×大健康去势T型瘘管公猪分为3组,每组8头猪,3组分别饲喂无氮日粮、半纯合日粮和玉米-豆粕型日粮。每种日粮中均同时添加5 g/kg酸不溶灰分(AIA)、三氧化二铬(Cr_2O_3)和二氧化钛(TiO_2)。预试期5 d,食糜收集期2 d。结果表明:指示剂种类显著影响生长猪内源氨基酸损失,以AIA和TiO_2作指示剂时生长猪的内源氨基酸损失高于Cr_2O_3(P<0.05);半纯合日粮粗蛋白质以及氨基酸AID和SID均高于玉米-豆粕型日粮(P<0.05);指示剂种类仅对饲喂半纯合日粮的生长猪的谷氨酸、脯氨酸和酪氨酸的AID或SID有显著影响。综上,不同日粮类型显著影响生长猪氨基酸回肠消化率,指示剂种类显著影响生长猪内源氨基酸损失的评定,但对生长猪大多数氨基酸的AID和SID评定无影响。  相似文献   

4.
采用双重消化标记物法利用回归分析技术测定大麦样品与生长肥育猪的回肠氨基酸真消化系数和内源性氨基酸排泄量之间的联系。选用 6头去势公猪 ,始重和终重分别为 30 .5 kg和 5 8.6 kg,在回肠末端装一简单的 T型套管 ,采用 6× 6拉丁方设计 ,分别喂给 6种大麦型基础日粮 ,自由采食。6种日粮分别含 97%的粗蛋白和氨基酸含量不同的大麦样品 ,其蛋白质和氨基酸含量 8. 5 %、 9. 2 %、9.8%、11.5 %、12 .6 %和 15 .6 % (以干物质为基础 )。日粮的无氮浸出物 (NDF)含量 16 .8%～ 2 3.8%。用三氧化二铬 (Cr2 O3)和酸不溶灰分 (AIA)作消化标记物。每个试验阶段 7d,在第 6d到第 7d的 2 4 h内每两小时收集一次回肠消化物。无论是用三氧化二铬 (Cr2 O3)还是酸不溶灰分 (AIA)作标记物 ,均发现日粮中表观可消化粗蛋白和氨基酸含量与总的粗蛋白和氨基酸含量存在线性关系 (P <0 .0 1) ,用三氧化二铬(Cr2 O3)与用酸不溶灰分 (AIA)做标记物相比 ,Cr2 O3影响回肠氨基酸真消化系数和内源性蛋白质及氨基酸的排泄量 ,然而本研究中所测定的回肠氨基酸真消化系数与资料报道的均值没有差异 (P>0 .0 1)。本研究中测定的内源粗蛋白质和氨基酸排泄量值 (35 .1± 3.0 g CP/ kg DMI)较报道均值 (14 .7± 1.1g CP/ kg DMI)高。故认为当  相似文献   

5.
试验选用80只初始体重(200±0.9)g的Sprague-Dawley雄性生长大鼠分成4个处理,用无氮日粮法研究小麦水溶性非淀粉多糖和醋酸纤维素对大鼠内源氨基酸排出量的影响。结果表明:除甘氨酸外,在无氮日粮中添加5%的醋酸纤维素日粮可显著提高大鼠回肠内源氨基酸排出(量P<0.05)。在无氮日粮中添加5%的水溶性NSP可极显著地提高大鼠回肠内源氨基酸排出量(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

6.
总结与评价估计猪回肠末端基本内源粗蛋白质(CP)含量与氨基酸(从)组成的研究数据，这些数据来自33个有关猪(33kg～100kg体重)回肠消化率的研究。不同的方法用于获得这些研究数据：A)无氮日粮法(16个)；B)基于含高可消化蛋白源(酪蛋白或小麦面筋蛋白)日粮的回肠消化率的计算值(11个)；C)回归法(3个)；D)酶解酪蛋白(EHC)法(2个)；E)无氮日粮结合静脉灌注从法(1个)。这五种方法估计的回肠基本内源CP流量的平均值分别是10．5、12．6、12．0、17．1与12．7g/kgDM摄入量，其总平均值为11．8g／kgDM摄入量。基本内源蛋白质中AA的平均组成(g/16gN)为：异亮氨酸3．2、亮氨酸4．2、赖氨酸3．4、蛋氨酸1．0、胱氨酸1．8、苯丙氨酸2．9、酪氨酸2．6、苏氨酸5．1、色氨酸1．2、缬氨酸4．5、精氨酸3．4、组氨酸1．6。猪回肠基本内源CP和AAs被认为是一项不可避免的损失。回肠基本内源蛋白与AAs流量(flow)可用于计算猪饲料组分的回肠真实的(true)或标准化的消化率、或校正的回肠表观消化率。应用饲料组分中比较精确的和具有可加性的AAs回肠消化率值，并借助于补充合成从，可提高猪日粮配方水平。  相似文献   

7.
选用40日龄平均体重(2500±50)g商品代AA肉公鸡120只,随机分为无氮日粮组和酶解酪蛋白组,分别饲喂无氮日粮和含酶解酪蛋白的日粮,36h后取回肠末端食糜,测定回肠末端内源氨基酸流量。结果表明:酶解酪蛋白超滤法测定的17种氨基酸的回肠末端内源流量,都高于无氮日粮法的测值,其中12种氨基酸(除甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和组氨酸)的差异显著(P<0.05);17种氨基酸总的内源流量,超滤法比无氮日粮法高22.7%(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
目前在许多国家都是采用可消化(或粗)蛋白和必需氨基酸(AA)总量,来评价猪日粮的蛋白质指标,然而由于不同日粮中氨基酸的消化率差异很大(Fuller和Wang,1991),所以根据氨基酸的消化率配制日粮,比用总氨基酸含量指标要精确得多。氨基酸的消化率因其测定方法不同有表观和真消化率之分,后者校正了内源氨基酸的损失(lenis,1992),但由于内源氮排出量难以准确测定,所以表观消化率在养猪生产中也很实在。本世纪七十年代以来,应用回肠体外桥式瘘管法测定猪日粮氨基酸消化率的  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮添加不同种类合成氨基酸对培育品种鲁莱猪生长猪氮平衡及氨基酸消化率的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用平均体重为(35.00±1.05)kg的健康鲁莱阉公猪4头,回肠末端手术安装简单T型瘘管。对照组饲喂高蛋白质水平(粗蛋白为16.50%,可消化赖氨酸为0.78%)日粮,3个试验组分别饲喂添加赖氨酸+苏氨酸+蛋氨酸、赖氨酸+苏氨酸和赖氨酸+蛋氨酸的低蛋白质水平(粗蛋白为13.50%,可消化赖氨酸为0.78%)日粮。结果表明:低蛋白添加3种合成氨基酸组粪氮排出量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),尿氮排出量显著低于高蛋白组(P0.05),与其他低蛋白组相比差异不显著(P0.05),氮表观消化率、氮沉积各组间差异均不显著(P0.05);低蛋白日粮添加3种合成氨基酸组总氨基酸消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。采用低蛋白(粗蛋白为13.50%)并同时添加适量合成氨基酸日粮饲喂鲁莱猪,可以显著降低粪氮和尿氮的排出,对氮利用率和回肠末端总氨基酸消化率影响不显著。  相似文献   

10.
日粮中氮的存在形式(游离肽或完整蛋白)可能会影响猪回肠末端中内源性氨基酸的含量,人们认为日粮中蛋白水解后可增加内源性氨基酸。本研究旨在对比日粮中同一蛋白源消化所得的游离肽对回肠内源氮流量和回肠内源性氨基酸流量(ENFL,EAAFL)的影响。选用六头装有后瓣膜T性盲肠套管(PVTC)的猪(平均体重34千克)。半纯合日粮含有同样的15N标记的酪蛋白(C)或水解酪蛋白(HC),每六天饲喂一次标记过的日粮,其余五天饲喂相应无标记日粮。采食后4至10小时收集食糜。利用日粮中标记物TiO 2,以及C和HC中稀释后的同位素含量来计算EAAFL和ENFL值。HC组和C组回肠EAAFL和ENFL(在饲喂HC和C日粮时干物质摄入的平均流量分别是1828和1912μg/g,n=5)两者无显著差异(P0.05)。经过离心和超滤后的HC食糜可作为标记性再循环回到肠道的内源性蛋白的指示物。经过对示踪剂的回收,约有20%的回肠内源性蛋白(日粮HC,超滤后食糜)是15N标记的。与完整的酪蛋白相比,酪蛋白水解物应用对回肠内源蛋白流量没有影响。没有直接证据证明酪蛋白水解物日粮会增加回肠内源性蛋白的损失。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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