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1.
Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) virus strains MN81 and MN67 isolated from epiornithics of RE in turkeys were partially characterized. Strains MN81 and MN67 replicated in chicken embryo fibroblast,duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo-fibroblast cultures and produced syncytial cytopathic effects in duck embryo fibroblast and turkey embryo fibroblast cultures. The virions of MN81 and MN67 measured approximately 100 nm in diameter, resembled RE virus strain T, and could be distinguished from avian leukosis viruses morphologically. The buoyant density of strain MN81 was found to be 1.15 g/cm3 in sucrose gradients. Strains MN81 and MN67 were inactivated by heat, acid pH, ether, and chloroform treatments. These strains were serologically unrelated to avian leukosis virus but were related to RE virus strains T, CS, DIA, and SN.  相似文献   

2.
To date, most jawed vertebrate species encode more than one immunoglobulin light (IgL) chain isotypes. It has been shown that several bird species (chickens, white Pekin or domestic duck, and zebra finches) exclusively express lambda isotype. We analyze here the genomic organization of another bird species turkey IgL genes based on the recently released genome data. The turkey IgL locus located on chromosome 17 spans approximately 75.2kb and contains a single functional V(λ) gene, twenty V(λ) pseudogenes, and a single functional J(λ)-C(λ) block. These data suggest that the genomic organization of bird IgL chain genes seems to be conserved. Ten cDNA clones from turkey Igλ chain containing almost full-length V(λ), J(λ) and C(λ) segments were acquired. The comparison of V(λ) cDNA sequences to all the germline V(λ) segments suggests that turkey species may be generating IgL chain diversity by gene conversion and somatic hypermutation like the chicken. This study provides insights into the immunoglobulin light chain genes in another bird species.  相似文献   

3.
1. Egg white proteins from the eggs of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anser anser) were analysed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of these products. 2. Albumen from each species was sampled and analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity and lysozyme activity were measured. 3. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were identified in all species while c-type lysozyme was present in chicken, turkey and duck egg white samples, but not in goose. 4. Galliformes appear to possess albumens with greater antimicrobial activity than those of the Anseriformes. This can be attributed to higher concentrations of ovotransferrin and the broad acting c-type lysozyme.  相似文献   

4.
Avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were typed by employing restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and single enzyme-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to evaluate their applicability for epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks. A total of 72 strains isolated from different avian species (chicken, duck, turkey, quail and goose) belonging to various geographical regions of India were characterized. REA using two different enzymes HhaI and HpaII produced 9 and 18 clusters respectively, whereas Single enzyme-AFLP recognized 32 patterns out of 72 strains typed. The study indicated that REA using HpaII is a simple and resource efficient method, however, further typing with more stringent and rapid method like Single enzyme-AFLP, could drastically enhance investigation in epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks.  相似文献   

5.
鹅类新城疫病原研究   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27  
用鹅胚分别从扬州地区附近两地患病鹅群的病鹅肝、脾中分离到2株病毒,电镜观察病毒颗粒大小不等,形态不一,具有囊膜和纤突结构,病毒粒子大小100～300nm。两毒株能凝集鸡和人O型红细胞,并为鹅康复血清所抑制,对鹅、鸡及鹅胚、鸡胚、鸭胚都有致病力,但对鸭无致病力,人工感染健康鹅可复制出与自然病例一致的病状,病毒对鹅胚LD（50）为10(10.4）,MDT67．4h,鹅的LD（50）为10(7.5)。用鸡新城疫Ⅰ系苗对该鹅病有良好预防效果。根据病毒鉴定、临床表现及免疫效果将该病暂定为鹅类新城疫。  相似文献   

6.
Three experiments were conducted to determine whether replacement of chicken egg yolk, as a component of freezing extenders, with egg yolk from other avian species would improve the post-thaw motility and percentage of intact acrosomes of stallion spermatozoa. In the first experiment, substitution of chicken egg yolk with chukar egg yolk, as a component of the lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extender, improved (P ≤ .05) the post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa. These results were not replicated in (IMV Technologies, Maple Grove, MN, USA) a more expansive study comparing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% egg yolk combined with INRA 96 when a “slow freeze” method was used, or the same substitution at levels ranging from 13% to 22% when egg yolk was combined with lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for diluents used for a “fast freeze” method of cryopreservation. In the third study, egg yolks from regular and high omega-3 chicken eggs as well as from turkey, chukar, and mallard duck eggs were analyzed for lipid content and fatty acid profile. The yolk from the turkey eggs was higher (1,300 mg/100 g) and that from mallard ducks was lower (560 mg/100 g) in cholesterol as compared with the two types of chicken eggs and chukar egg yolk (range, 1,046-1,094 mg/100 g). In addition, the high omega-3 eggs did test higher for fatty acids (4.51 g/100 g) than other types of eggs (range, 0.28-0.73 g/100 g). Substitution of chicken egg yolk with turkey, but not duck, egg yolk resulted in higher post-thaw total motility (P ≤ .05) for spermatozoa obtained from two of the three stallions used in the third experiment.  相似文献   

7.
An egg-attenuated strain of duck hepatitis virus was successfully passaged through cell cultures of avian embryos derived from goose, turkey, guinea fowl, Japanese quail, pheasant and chicken. Two field strains of the virus were passaged in a more limited range of species.  相似文献   

8.
The binding ability of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and streptococcal protein G (SpG) to egg yolk antibodies of four fowl species (turkey, duck, moskovy duck and goose) was studied and compared with the binding ability to three serum antibodies from chicken, horse and cattle. SpA and SpG were not able to bind to any of the avian immunoglobulins.  相似文献   

9.
The oxidative metabolism of fenbendazole: a comparative study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The oxidative metabolism of fenbendazole (FBZ) was studied in hepatic fractions prepared from livers of cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, turkeys, rats, rabbits and catfish. All species produced the sulfoxide metabolite (oxfendazole; FBZ-SO), and p-hydroxyfenbendazole (FBZ-OH) was produced by all species except sheep. The product of demethoxycarbonylation, fenbendazole amine (FBZ-NH2), was not produced by liver preparations of any species. A fourth metabolite, resulting from the further oxidation of oxfendazole, fenbendazole sulfone (FBZ-SO2), was formed in all species but at highly varying rates. The chicken exhibited the highest overall rate of FBZ metabolism, followed by the duck, goat, sheep, steer, catfish, rat, rabbit, and turkey. Considerable variation was evident among avian species, the duck and turkey produced substantially less of the FBZ-OH and FBZ-SO2 metabolites than the chicken. Catfish liver preparations formed equivalent amounts of metabolite at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C incubation temperatures. The formation of the sulfone metabolite (FBZ-SO2), however, was practically nonexistent in catfish.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
PCR method was applied for the qualitative identification of chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallipavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos x Cairina muschata), and goose (Anser anser) tissues in feed-stuffs, on an individual basis. The assay uses oligonucleotide primers that are specific for each avian species, targeting the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene. The primers designed generated amplicons of 95, 122, 64, and 98 bp length for chicken, turkey, duck, and goose, respectively. The specificity of the primers was tested against 29 animal species including mammals, birds, and fish, as well as 8 plant species. Analysis of experimental feedstuffs demonstrated the detection of each target species in the range of 0.1 to 100%. The performance of this method was not affected by prolonged heat-treatment (up to 133 degrees C for 20 min at 300 kPa), and consequently, it could be very useful for the accurate identification of tissues from these 4 avian species in products submitted to denaturing technologies, for which other methods cannot be applied.  相似文献   

12.
从江苏徐州地区分离到的以引起樱桃谷鸭产蛋下降和死亡为特征的1株病毒,命名为XZ株。对该病毒进行电镜观察、血凝试验、ELD50测定、RT-PCR扩增特异性目的基因、序列比对分析和动物回归试验。结果显示,分离毒株能致死鸭胚和鸡胚,电镜下观察到球形病毒粒子,不具有血凝性,对病料和接毒鸭胚尿囊液进行RT-PCR,均可扩增出基因片段,其核苷酸序列与坦布苏病毒奉贤株的相似性最高,为98.7%,与其他坦布苏病毒的毒株也具较高同源性,为86%~98%。用鸭胚分离毒株接种健康产蛋鸭,能复制出同样的疾病。结果表明分离病毒为鸭黄病毒属的坦布苏病毒。  相似文献   

13.
Liu Q  Zhang G  Huang Y  Ren G  Chen L  Gao J  Zhang D  Han B  Su W  Zhao J  Hu X  Su J 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):200-206
High rates of mortality for Pekin ducklings have been recorded in several duck farms in China since 2006. Dead ducklings were characterized by spleen necrosis, suggesting microbial infection as a cause of disease. Laboratory investigations led to the isolation of a virus strain from the spleen tissues of dead ducklings, designated DRV-HC. Subsequent experimental infections with DRV-HC resulted in marked spleen necrosis in the ducklings similar to those observed in the natural outbreaks. Electron microscopy of the cultured DRV-HC revealed viral particles that were non-enveloped and icosahedral with a mean diameter of approximately 72 nm. Agar gel precipitating tests showed that the isolate shared a common group-specific antigen with chicken reovirus S1133. DNA sequencing revealed that this isolate was closely related to Muscovy duck reoviruses. Experimental infection with DRV-HC resulted in death of young chicks with necrotic foci in the liver and spleen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a duck reovirus with high virulence in Pekin ducklings and SPF chickens.  相似文献   

14.
The open reading frame of the S3 segment encoding the sigma2 protein of four turkey reovirus field isolates was analyzed for sequence heterogeneity. The turkey reoviruses we present here have a 97% amino acid identity to turkey NC 98. The S3 nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity was < or =61% and 78%-80%, respectively, when compared to the chicken reovirus isolates. Comparison of amino acid sequences from chickens and turkeys with that of a duck isolate revealed a 53% and 55% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence, resulted in three major groups among the avian reoviruses; these groups were clearly separated by species. The results of this study provide further evidence, based on the deduced sigma2 sequence, that turkey reoviruses form a distinct, separate group relative to chicken and duck isolates. In addition, as a result of the limited sequence identity with their avian counterparts, turkey reoviruses could potentially be considered a separate virus species within subgroup 2 of the Orthoreovirus genus.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of adoption within the Australian poultry industries of a range of standard biosecurity practices. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey of owners and managers of 1753 commercial poultry farms. Procedure Information was collected by telephone or in person from the owners and managers of poultry farms. Data were entered onto an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical tools within Excel. RESULTS: The response rates to the questionnaire for the chicken meat, egg, duck and turkey sectors were 94%, 37%, 92% and 96% respectively. Within the chicken meat sector, the adoption rate exceeded 98% for 11 practices with only the rates for appropriate disposal of spent litter/manure (94%) and development of farm level biosecurity plans (88%) falling below this level. Adoption rates for all practices had increased or remained at 100% since the last survey conducted in 2001. Integrated companies in the turkey and duck sector also reported high levels of adoption for most biosecurity practices although rates for the use of fresh litter, cleaning of sheds between batches of birds and maintenance of single age flocks were lower than in the chicken meat sector. Adoption rates for biosecurity practices on independently owned farms in the turkey and duck sectors were lower than for farms operated by integrated companies. CONCLUSIONS: Farms in the chicken meat, turkey and duck sectors of the Australian poultry industries have a high level of adoption of biosecurity practices with only a small proportion of farms needing to further enhance their biosecurity.  相似文献   

16.
为了解广西钦州地区主要地方品种商品禽类中禽白血病病毒(ALV)、禽网状内皮组织增殖症病毒(REV)的感染情况,本试验随机采集了广西钦州地区代表饲养场的麻鸭、狮头鹅、铁脚麻鸡、火鸡、鸽子共5个品种的蛋清、肛拭子及血清样品共953份,使用ELISA商品试剂盒进行检测;然后对部分ALV p27阳性的个体采集其血清样品接种DF-1细胞进行病毒分离并测定其gp85基因的序列。结果发现,除铁脚麻鸡外其他4个非鸡禽类品种的ALV检测均为阴性;除鸽子和狮头鹅外,麻鸭、铁脚麻鸡、火鸡均检测到REV抗体阳性;获得的两株铁脚麻鸡ALV分离株gp85基因之间核苷酸同源性为94.5%,与参考株之间核苷酸同源性为86.9%~94.9%;两株分离株gp85基因之间氨基酸同源性为91.5%,与参考株之间氨基酸同源性为84.0%~91.6%。高变区hr1和hr2区存在较多可变位点,可变区vr2和vr3相对较保守。系统进化树分析结果表明这两个毒株与参考株SCAU11-XG的亲缘关系最近。  相似文献   

17.
In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.  相似文献   

18.
1. One-day-old chicks of Pekin duck, turkey, layer fowl and broiler fowl were examined for bacteria in the yolk sac and yolk fluid. 2. Whole hatchling, yolk-free hatchling and yolk sac weights were recorded for all species along with crown-rump length and beak-tip to toe-tip length. 3. Bacteriology revealed positive results for the whole yolk sacs of 43 to 64% of the birds in the sample of ducklings, poults and layer chicks. Broiler chicks had a 6.6% incidence of bacteria isolated from the whole yolk sac. By contrast, there were very few positive results from swabs of yolk fluid for any of the bird types. 4. The presence of bacteria in the yolk sac of hatchlings suggests that there is colonisation, rather than infection, of the yolk sac membrane during the hatching period or the first few hours post-hatching. Isolation of bacteria from the yolk sacs of young chicks might no longer be considered as solely indicative of yolk sac infection but further research is required to confirm this result. 5. Contrary to what is being suggested in commercial practice relationships between linear dimensions and hatchling weight suggest that measurement of chick length is at best a very crude measure of chick quality.  相似文献   

19.
Complementary DNA (cDNA) of prolactin (PRL) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of the Java sparrow were cloned and sequenced. The proximal region of the PRL promoter was also identified. Java sparrow PRL was found to have 88.3, 88.3, and 89.1% sequence identity at the cDNA level to PRL of chicken, turkey, and duck, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence had an overall similarity with a comparable region of chicken (91.4%), turkey (88.9%) and duck (92.0%) PRL. Based on the cDNA sequence and genomic structure of the chicken PRL gene, the proximal promoter was characterized. Sequence analysis of the proximal region of Java sparrow PRL promoter revealed a high degree of similarity to that of chicken, turkey and duck PRL promoters. Moreover, cDNA of prepro-VIP was also cloned and sequenced. Java sparrow prepro-VIP shows high similarity to chicken and turkey prepro-VIP. However, the region upstream of the 5' untranslated region of Java sparrow prepro-VIP did not show similarity to that of chicken. These results suggest that the mechanisms, which regulate expression of the VIP gene, may be different between precocial and altricial birds, but expression of the PRL gene may be widely conserved in avian species.  相似文献   

20.
2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  
从北京地区两个发病的鸭场中分离到两株细菌,经过染色,生化鉴定,凝集试验和琼扩试验,鉴定为２型鸭设里默氏杆菌,经过致病性试验,其中一株有很强烈致病性,另一株在实验室条件下,人工感染小鸭未能引起小鸭发病。  相似文献   

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