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1.
Sayin F Karaer Z Dincer S Cakmak A Inci A Yukari BA Eren H Vatansever Z Nalbantoglu S Melrose TR 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,113(2):115-121
In this comparative study unfed nymphs of four Hyalomma tick species (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum) were allowed to engorge on calves experimentally infected with Theileria annulata. The infection prevalence in the salivary glands of the adult female and male ticks of each Hyalomma species used in the study were assessed. The infection prevalence with T. annulata was high and did not vary markedly in the four Hyalomma tick species. The mean number of infected acini per tick in female and male ticks was different with female ticks having higher numbers of infected acini than the male ticks. The sex difference was more significant between H.a. anatolicum and H.a. excavatum than between H. detritum and H.m. marginatum. This study clarifies the roles of four Hyalomma tick species, and their sex, in the development of T. annulata. 相似文献
2.
Razmi GR Ebrahimzadeh E Aslani MR 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(6):309-310
The aim of this study was to determine the population of ticks in infected cattle and to identify the tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic area of Iran from 1998 to 1999. A total of 120 suspected cattle suffering from theileriosis were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of Theileria annulata in blood smears and the presence of any tick species on the body of cattle. In this study, 680 ticks were collected from 107 cattle infected with T. annulata. The prevalence of ticks infesting cattle was 92.35% Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 5.14% H. marginatum marginatum, 1.17% H. asiaticum asiaticum and 1.32% Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The examination of 510 tick salivary glands revealed that 51% of H. a. excavatum and 1.3% of H. a. asiaticum were infected with sporozoites of T. annulata. 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在建立小亚璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱和残缘璃眼蜱的分子生物学鉴定方法,并探讨它们的系统发生关系。在新疆、内蒙古从动物体表采集寄生蜱,形态学鉴定后,PCR扩增测序获得3种璃眼蜱的16S rRNA及线粒体色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(cytochrome oxidaseⅠ,COⅠ)序列后进行同源性分析。用Mega 5.0和Mrbayes 3.2软件分别构建系统进化树,亚洲璃眼蜱、小亚璃眼蜱样本16S rRNA序列与GenBank中已知相应蜱虫16S rRNA序列聚类,而残缘璃眼蜱COⅠ序列与GenBank中已知残缘璃眼蜱COⅠ序列聚类,与形态学鉴定结果一致。在传统形态学分类的基础上,结合分子生物学鉴定方法能简易、准确鉴定小亚璃眼蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱和残缘璃眼蜱。 相似文献
4.
Experiments were undertaken to determine the mode of transmission to cattle of an unnamed Babesia sp. by Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma detritum, Hy. rufipes koch, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Boophilus microplus. The unnamed Babesia species designated Babesia U sp. was isolated by infesting cattle with nymphs from female Hy. a. anatolicum ticks collected from Xinjiang province. Adults of laboratory reared Hy. a. anatolicum, Hy. detritum and Hy. rufipes koch were infected with Babesia U sp. by feeding on infected cattle, isolated with nymphal ticks of Hy. a. anatolicum derived from females collected from field. The experiments revealed that Hy. a. anatolicum was capable of transmitting Babesia U sp. transovarially in larval (2 of 4 calves), nymphal (6 of 6 calves) and adult (3 of 8 calves) stages, with prepatent periods of 16, 12, and 8 days, respectively, and that this Babesia was also transovarially transmitted by both the nymphal and adult stages of Hy. detritum and Hy. rufipes. Attempts to transmit this Babesia U sp. transovarially with Hae. longicornis and B. microplus, and transstadially with Hyalomma spp., were carried out, and the results proved to be negative. 相似文献
5.
A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle and sheep southeast
of Iran. A total of 972 ticks were collected from 280 infested cattle and 1,207 ticks were collected from 632 infested sheep
during activating seasons of ticks in 2008–2009. The species collected from cattle were Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (50.92%), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (25.61%), Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (8.12%), Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (1.85%), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (13.47%) while the species collected from sheep were R. sanguineus (36.37%), H. marginatum marginatum (30.65%), H. anatolicum excavatum (19.05%), H. asiaticum asiaticum (10.52%), Hyalomma detritum (3.14%), and Dermacentor marginatus (0.24%). The results show that, H. marginatum marginatum, H. anatolicum excavatum, and R. sanguineus are dominant tick species in the surveyed area. 相似文献
6.
Immunization of cattle with nymphal Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum extracts: effects on tick biology
Antigens derived from partially engorged nymphs of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were used in immunizing crossbred (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) cattle against larval, nymphal and adult H. a. anatolicum and H. dromedarii. The cattle were either infected with Theileria annulata at low parasitaemia or were uninfected. Whole nymphal extract (WNE), nymphal membrane antigens (NMA) and nymphal soluble antigens (NSA) were used for immunization. The group immunized with WNE showed significant and better rejection of H. a. anatolicum ticks as compared to calves immunized with either NMA or NSA. The moulting rates of both engorged larvae and nymphs remained unaffected. Nymphs which engorged on the immunized calves were fully susceptible to infection by T. annulata as indicated by the intensity and abundance of Theileria infections in the resulting adult ticks from immunized and unimmunized Theileria infected cattle. These ticks also transmitted fatal theileriosis to susceptible calves. 相似文献
7.
Salih DA Sharieff OE Lazarus AG Hassan SM El Hussein AM 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2005,72(4):303-307
Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum nymphs were collected from two localities in the Sudan: Eddamer in Northern Sudan and Wad-Medani in Central Sudan. They were allowed to moult to adult ticks, which were assessed for Theileria infection in their salivary glands using Feulgen stain. At Eddamer, 49.6% of 123 ticks examined were infected with Theileria and the mean intensity of infection was 1.3 (i.e. the number of infected acini/number of infected ticks). At Wad-Medani, 8.6% of 162 ticks were infected and the mean intensity of infection was 7.9. The prevalence of infection was higher in female than in male ticks at both localities. When adult H. a. anatolicum were applied onto two susceptible calves, both animals developed the severe form of theileriosis. 相似文献
8.
In a 20-year survey the following ectoparasites were collected from Nubian ibexes: larvae of an unidentified Oestrus sp. collected from the nasal cavities, sinuses and horns, hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena chalcomelaena) specific to the Nubian ibex, blood sucking lice (Linognathus africanus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.). Ibexes were severely infested with the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus; a few Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum ticks were also collected. In five ibexes kept in two zoos, showing otitis, Psoroptes cuniculi, was identified, and from skin scrpaings of nine animals with severe dermatitis in three other zoos, Sarcoptes scabiei was isolated. Infestation of Nubian ibexes with sucking and biting lice as well as H. anatolicum excavatum is reported for the first time. The ectoparasites collected from gazelles were: hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena capreoli), calliphorid flies (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora sp.), sucking lice (Linognathus africanus and Solenopotes capillatus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis), and ticks, B. annulatus, Rhipicepahlus bursa, Rhipicephalus turanicus, H. anatolicum excavatum and H. marginatum rufipes. In skin scrapings of four gazelles with local dermatitis in the fetlocks Chorioptes bovis was identified. Neoschoengastia sp. was found in craters between the claws in three gazelles. 相似文献
9.
A survey of Theileria parasites in cattle in eastern Turkey was carried out using specific polymerase chain reaction. A total of 252 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle between June and July 2004. Of 252 blood samples examined, 41 (16%) were positive for piroplasms by microscopy, whereas 114 (45%) were positive for the presence of at least one species of Theileria by PCR. The percentages of positive animals for Theileria annulata and benign Theileria species (Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis) were 39% (99/252) and 7% (18/252), respectively. By allele-specific PCR examination of 18 field isolates which were positive for benign Theileria parasites, 8 samples were only amplified by B-type specific primers and 10 samples were amplified by both of the B and C-type specific primers, indicating a mixed infection with B and C-type of the parasite. None of the field isolates was amplified by I-type specific primers. Three samples were co-infected with T. annulata and benign Theileria parasites. Two of them which were infected with B-type parasite were also infected with T. annulata, the other sample which was infected both of B and C-type parasites was also infected with T. annulata. A total of 724 ixodid ticks were collected from the cattle. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was the dominant species with 32% (230/724) in the region. H. a. excavatum, Boophylus annulatus and Rhipicephalus bursa represented 25% (183/724), 19% (140/724) and 15% (112/724) of the total number of ticks, respectively. R. sanguineus was the minor species and represented 8% (59/724) of the tick population. 相似文献
10.
11.
The present study was carried out to detect tick species that infest cattle, and Theileria and Babesia species transmitted by these ticks in Kayseri province (Turkey). A total of 300 cattle were examined for tick infestations. Of the 300 cattle, 117 (39%) were infested with ticks. A total of 1160 ticks belonging to 11 Ixodid genera were collected from the infested animals and their shelters. The most prevalent tick species was Boophilus annulatus 26.37% (306/1160) followed by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum 21.12% (245/1160) and Rhipicephalus turanicus 18.7% (217/1160). The collected ticks were separated into 43 tick pools, according to their species. These pools were examined for bovine Theileria and Babesia species (Theileria sp., Babesia sp., Theileria annulata, T. buffeli/orientalis, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens) by using the reverse line blotting method (RLB). Of the 43 tick pools examined, 6 (14%) were infected with B. bigemina, 4 (9.3%) with T. annulata, and 1 (2.3%) with Babesia sp., whereas 1 (2.3%) displayed mixed infection with T. annulata + B. bigemina. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses of Babesia sp., which could not be identified to the species level by RLB, were performed. In the phylogenetic tree, Babesia sp. (Kayseri 1) grouped with Babesia sp. (Kashi 2), Babesia sp. (Kashi 1), Babesia sp. (Xinjiang) and B. orientalis with 96.8-100% identity. 相似文献
12.
The maturation of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum stimulated by incubation or feeding to produce sporozoites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Adult Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks infected with Theileria annulata (Hissar strain) were incubated at 36 degrees C or fed on rabbits. Tick salivary glands were stained whole with methyl green pyronin or ground up and deposited on microscope slides and stained with Giemsa's solution. Separate batches of ticks from both treatments were ground up, centrifuged and filtered to produce sporozoite suspensions. The suspensions were examined as deposits on microscope slides stained with Giemsa's solution. The Theileria in the salivary glands of the fed ticks matured more completely and rapidly than in the incubated ticks. The peak numbers of sporozoites from the fed ticks was greater by at least tenfold than the peak from the incubated ticks. This peak was on the third day of feeding or on the fourth day of incubation. It was confirmed that fed ticks will be more suitable for sporozoite production for infection of cattle and production of stabilates. 相似文献
13.
The relative role of male and female Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in the epidemiology of Theileria transmission was studied by detecting Theileria sporozoites in the dissected salivary glands of 568 ticks by the methyl green pyronin staining method. Detailed frequency distribution of Theileria-positive acini in the salivary glands of the 264 (46.48%) positive ticks from a field collection in Haryana indicated that the number of infected salivary acini per positive tick was greater in females than in males. This suggests that female ticks have a more important role in Theileria transmission than male ticks. This finding assumes greater significance in the light of the observation that the natural male:female ratio is also in favour of female ticks. 相似文献
14.
Experiments on the transmission of an unidentified Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were carried out. Three Theileria-free batches of adult, larvae, and nymphs of laboratory reared H. qinghaiensis and Hy. a. anatolicum ticks were infected by feeding them on sheep infected with Theileria sp. The Theileria sp. was originally isolated from adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis, by inoculation of blood stabilates or tick transmission. H. qinghaiensis has been shown to be capable of transmitting the Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants transstadially to sheep and goats. The nymphs developed from the larvae engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to splenectomized sheep with prepatent periods of 30, 31 days, respectively; but the subsequent adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis derived from the nymphs did not transmit the pathogen to sheep. However, adults developed from the nymphs engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to sheep with prepatent periods of 24-27 days. The larvae, nymphs and adult ticks derived from female H. qinghaiensis ticks engorged on infected sheep were not able to transmit the parasite transovarially. The same experiments were done with Hy. a. anatolicum, but examination for presence of piroplasma of Theileria sp. from all animals were negative, demonstrating that Hy. a. anatolicum could not transmit the organism to sheep or goats. 相似文献
15.
Infection rates of Theileria annulata in the salivary glands of the tick Hyalomma marginatum rufipes
Theileria annulata was experimentally transmitted to cattle on two occasions by the two-host tick Hyalomma marginatum rufipes. Transmission was transstadial; engorged nymphs fed on Theileria annulata-infected calves transmitted the disease as adults. Salivary glands of all partially fed and incubated adult ticks were heavily infected with Theileria parasites. Immatures attached rapidly and fed successfully on cattle. However, since the immature stages of this species normally feed on birds, this tick is unlikely to be an important vector in the field. 相似文献
16.
Groups of Theileria annulata infected Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum adults prefed on a calf for 1 to 6 days were separately ground in tissue culture medium-199, supplemented with bovine albumin powder, Fraction-V. Supernatant fluid was collected, made up with additional medium, so that each millilitre represented material from 25 ticks, and was injected subcutaneously into groups of cross-bred male calves. The results indicated that ground-up tick supernate (GUTS) prepared from unfed ticks was not infective, whereas that prepared from 1 to 6 days prefed ticks was infective. GUTS prepared from 3 days prefed ticks appeared to contain highest infectivity and 1 ml of it induced fatal theileriosis. 相似文献
17.
Dumanli N Aktas M Cetinkaya B Cakmak A Koroglu E Saki CE Erdogmus Z Nalbantoglu S Ongor H Simşek S Karahan M Altay K 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(1):9-15
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in cattle in eastern Turkey by microscopical, serological and molecular methods. A total of 1561 whole blood, 1505 serum and 1483 blood smear samples were collected from cattle of various breeds and ages in 11 towns of Eastern Turkey. Theileria annulata piroplasm DNA extracted from cattle blood was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. Serum antibodies against T. annulata were investigated by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Blood smears were examined for Theileria piroplasms by microscopical examination (ME). In the examination of DNA extracted from 1561 blood samples, an amplicon with the size of 721bp was obtained in 37.8% (590/1561) of these samples. Serum antibodies against T. annulata and piroplasm of Theileria spp. were detected in 34.9% (526/1505) and 19.7% (293/1483) of the samples, respectively. The differences between ME and PCR results and between ME and IFAT results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the PCR and IFAT results. A total of 179 ticks (136 female; 43 male) belonging to Hyalomma spp. were collected from cattle from three towns. Ticks were identified to be Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum on the basis of morphological features. 相似文献
18.
Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks were collected around cattle pens at two locations close to Khartoum. They were assessed for theileria infection by four methods. Salivary glands were stained whole with methyl green pyronin and examined for parasite masses. Adult ticks were partially fed on rabbits, ground up in medium, and the suspensions were examined in Giemsa stained smears and by inoculation into bovine lymphocyte cultures. Ticks were fully fed on calves which were monitored for developing theileriosis. H a anatolicum were found infected with parasite masses similar to those seen in experimental infections with T annulata. At one site 38 per cent of 102 ticks were infected and the mean number of parasite masses per tick for the whole sample was 37. At the other site 86 per cent of 156 ticks were similarly infected and the mean parasite masses per tick was 19.5. Suspensions of sporozoites contained sporozoites typical of those found in experimental preparations of T annulata. Sporozoites harvested from ticks from both locations infected and transformed normal bovine lymphocyte cultures. H a anatolicum ticks from both locations produced fatal theileria infection in susceptible calves. 相似文献
19.
利用蜱传播试验确定小亚璃眼蜱对中国新分离的牛的巴贝斯虫未定种和环形泰勒虫的传播能力与传播方式，进而明确其在中国牛梨形虫病传播中的流行病学意义。试验结果表明：小亚璃眼蜱可在雌虫阶段受到巴贝斯虫未定种的感染，并可在次代若虫（2／2）和成虫（3／3）阶段将病原传播给试验牛；小亚璃眼蜱幼虫和若虫吸入环形泰勒虫，饱血脱落的幼虫和若虫所蜕化发育的饥饿若虫（2／2）和成虫（2／2）均可将病原传递给敏感动物；感染巴贝斯虫未定种的小亚璃眼蜱饱血雌虫所孵育出的次代幼虫和若虫仍可被环形泰勒虫感染，所发育出的若虫（2／2）和成虫（2／2）可在一次传播试验中将环形泰勒虫和巴贝斯虫未定种同时传播给试验动物。 相似文献
20.
Salih DA Hassan SM El Hussein AM Jongejan F 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2004,71(4):319-326
In a cross sectional survey conducted during the period June 2001 to July 2002, the geographical distribution of ticks on cattle in the Sudan was determined. Seventeen locations were surveyed from Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, Blue Nile and White Nile Provinces. Total body collections of ticks were made from 20 cattle at each location. Four tick genera and 11 species were identified. The tick species collected included Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma impeltatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus group and Rhipicephalus simus simus. Major ecological changes have occurred due to extensive animal movement, deforestation, desertification and establishment of large mechanized agricultural schemes. These factors have certainly affected the distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the Sudan. The absence of A. variegatum and A. lepidum in northern Sudan was not surprising, since these tick species are known to survive in humid areas and not in the desert and semi-desert areas of northern Sudan. The absence of B. annulatus in northern and central Sudan is in accordance with the finding that this tick species is restricted to the southern parts of the central Sudan. The presence of H. anatolicum anatolicum in Um Benin in relatively high abundance is an interesting finding. The present finding may indicate that the southern limit of this species has changed and moved southwards to latitude 13 degrees N. It is concluded that major changes in tick distribution have taken place in the Sudan. 相似文献