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农户储粮害虫以玉米象、麦蛾、书虱为主,以户计算的发生率为100%,锈赤扁谷盗、赤拟谷盗、米扁虫、谷蠹的发生率依次是20%、16.7%、16.7%、13.3%。随着仓温不断上升,4月上中旬开始见到玉米象、麦蛾成虫活动;7月中旬至8月中旬,仓温上升至30℃,经过3~4个月的发育、繁殖,玉米象、麦蛾虫口密度大,成虫活动频繁,并一直维持到9月下旬至11月中旬。气温为0~8℃的12月,也有玉米象、麦蛾的成虫活动。由于农户粮堆较小、天敌较多,因此,农户储粮害虫防治应以装具、清洁为主,以储粮防护剂为辅。 相似文献
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95％以上氮气防治储粮害虫的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过研究95％以上氮气在25±1℃,60％±5％RH．时防治储粮害虫的结果表明,防治效果由好到差的虫种依次是锯谷盗、玉米象、赤拟谷盗和谷蠹,其中谷蠹最难防治,98％以上的氮气杀死全部谷蠹成虫需要15d。通过实仓试验也证明了谷蠹和赤拟谷盗表现出较强的抗低氧能力。 相似文献
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储粮害虫数量传感机理与技术体系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道了储粮害虫数量传感探头结构、机理、各项验证试验及国内外应用进展。验证试验结果表明，以粮虫陷阱检测器为辅助工具设计的传感探头结构合理，24小时记录害虫数量基本上可反映粮堆虫口密度水平，可作为储粮害虫数量传感探头计量单位；单台采样速度可控制在2秒左右，多台同时采样误差较低；以赤拟谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹及锈赤扁谷盗为试虫测定了储粮害虫数量传感探头技术性能。 相似文献
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低氧条件下赤拟谷盗成虫呼吸速率研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究了在30℃,不同氧浓度条件下赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum成虫的呼吸速率.在30℃条件下将试虫置于氧气浓度分别为21%、15%、10%、5%、3%、2%和1%的环境中,用SKW-3型微量呼吸检压仪测定呼吸速率.测定结果表明:赤拟谷盗成虫在上述一系列氧浓度下的耗氧量分别为2.54±0.03、2.44±0.05、2.41±0.10、2.23±0.05、1.99±0.03、1.85±0.06和0.97±0.02 μL/insect·h;随着氧浓度的降低,试虫的呼吸速率逐渐降低,可见低氧对赤拟谷盗成虫的呼吸速率影响与害虫的致死机理有关. 相似文献
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在实验室条件下 ,以玉米象、谷蠹和赤拟谷盗为供试虫种 ,对仓虫敌Ⅰ进行为期 10个月的防治效果试验 ,并与杀虫松和防虫磷进行比较 ,结果表明 :仓虫敌Ⅰ对以上害虫平均校正死亡率在 90 .4 %以上 ,防治效果优于杀虫松和防虫磷 (P <0 .0 0 1)。在此基础上采用全仓拌药进行实仓中试 ,进一步验证仓虫敌Ⅰ与其它两种防护剂的效果 ,结果表明 :仓虫敌Ⅰ防护期达 12个月 ,对常见储粮害虫谷蠹、玉米象、长角谷盗的防治效果好且优于其它两种防护剂。采用表层施用仓虫敌Ⅰ结合磷化铝熏蒸进行一次性生产应用试验 ,结果表明 :采用此方法比单用磷化铝熏蒸两次效果好 相似文献
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研究0.5％多杀菌素粉剂在5种处理浓度下对三种主要储粮害虫玉米象（Sitophiluszeamais Motschulsky）、谷蠹（Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius）、赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum Herbst）的防治效果.室内防效测定结果表明：0.5％多杀菌素按有效浓度1 mg/kg或以上处理粮食15 d后,粮食中的玉米象、谷蠹的校正死亡率均达100％,赤拟谷盗的校正死亡率达到80％以上,防治效果很好,达到储粮害虫防治要求,为进一步推广应用多杀菌素粉剂作为储粮防护剂提供依据. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献