共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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睾酮是一种主要由睾丸间质细胞合成分泌的类固醇激素，参与调节生殖和其他生理活动，对精子发生及维持雄性生殖健康具有重要作用。睾酮合成是一个非常复杂的过程，受到激素、转录因子及信号转导等调控。表观遗传是在基因序列不变的基础上基因表达发生的可遗传变化，其主要类型包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白泛素化、非编码RNA和RNA甲基化调控等。表观遗传作为睾酮合成的重要调节途径，近年来越来越受关注。本文简要介绍了表观遗传对睾酮合成的调控，总结了DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白泛素化、非编码RNA和RNA甲基化调控睾酮合成的相关研究进展，以期为进一步研究睾酮合成机制提供参考。 相似文献
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1概述
表观遗传是指在基因组序列不变的情况下,通过DNA和组蛋白的修饰等方式改变基因表达的现象,这种修饰以DNA甲基化最为常见.高等动植物中DNA甲基化主要是5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC).在DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)的作用下,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)作为甲基供体,将甲基添加在DNA分子中的碱基上.5mC一般出现在CpG的胞嘧啶上.CpG位点在哺乳动物基因组中所占比例可达5％～10％,其中约有70％为mCpG.CpG位点不是均匀分布,而是呈现局部聚集倾向,形成一些CpG岛,但是大部分CpG岛不易被甲基化,而散在的CpG双核苷酸则容易被甲基化. 相似文献
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表观遗传学(epigenetic)是不改变DNA序列而使基因的表达发生可遗传的变化,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、基因组印迹、随机染色体失活及长链非编码RNA(lncRNAs)的调节作用等。lncRNAs是一类转录本长度超过200nt的RNA分子,它们并不编码蛋白,而是以RNA的形式在多种层面上调控基因的表达水平。lncRNAs的功能往往受到表观遗传作用的影响,同时lncRNAs通过染色质修饰、基因组印迹、剂量补偿效应等过程,在基因表达中发挥表观遗传学作用。论文对lncRNAs表观遗传调控的研究进展情况进行了综述,以期为深入研究lncRNAs调控性状的机理提供思路。 相似文献
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基因组甲基化是通过甲基转移酶催化胞嘧啶转化为5-甲基胞嘧啶，是表观遗传学的重要组成部分，对许多生理活动具有重要影响。文中主要从甲基化在畜禽上的研究进展，以及近几年在长链非编码RNA等研究进展，概述DNA甲基化研究的发展。 相似文献
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蛋氨酸(methionine,Met)是动物生长代谢过程中重要的甲基供体,同时作为必需氨基酸中唯一的含硫氨基酸,与赖氨酸一起为玉米—豆粕型日粮或微生物蛋白合成的第一或第二限制性氨基酸。另外,Met作为饲料添加剂对动物机体的生产性能、自身免疫力及疾病预防具有重要作用。随着营养表观遗传学在动物领域研究的不断发展,可实现以Met作为重要的营养素对动物进行表观遗传修饰(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及非编码RNA等)。DNA甲基化作为表观遗传修饰的方式之一,对于研究表型性状具有重要作用,是联系基因和表型间的纽带。文章介绍了DNA甲基化的作用机制及蛋氨酸代谢的调控机制,为今后正确理解Met与表观遗传学修饰之间的联系,进一步揭示表型性状的分子作用机制提供参考。通过基因组学进一步对Met如何在分子水平影响动物表型性状的改变进行展望与分析,也有助于掌握Met需要的个体差异,确定个体的营养需要量,实现真正的"基因饲养"模式。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)是一种动态、可逆并可以遗传的表观遗传修饰模式,主要发生在哺乳动物原始生殖细胞和早期胚胎发育过程中,能够通过高动态和协同的核酶网络附着在DNA的CpG区域,同时还通过改变调控区域的功能状态进而调控基因表达且不影响DNA序列所携带的遗传信息。DNA甲基化主要涉及基因组印迹、转座元件沉默、X染色体失活和衰老等多种关键生理过程,在哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎发育中发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了DNA甲基化的建立与去除机制及其生物学功能,重点阐述了DNA甲基化在哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎发育过程中精准生成、维持、读取和删除等动态变化过程,为进一步研究哺乳动物表观遗传调控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Epigenetics provides a molecular mechanism of inheritance that is not solely dependent on DNA sequence and that can account for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Epigenetic changes underlie many normal developmental processes, and can lead to disease development as well. While epigenetic effects have been studied in well-characterized rodent models, less research has been done using agriculturally important domestic animal species. This review will present the results of current epigenetic research using farm animal models (cattle, pigs, sheep and chickens). Much of the work has focused on the epigenetic effects that environmental exposures to toxicants, nutrients and infectious agents has on either the exposed animals themselves or on their direct offspring. Only one porcine study examined epigenetic transgenerational effects; namely the effect diet micronutrients fed to male pigs has on liver DNA methylation and muscle mass in grand-offspring (F2 generation). Healthy viable offspring are very important in the farm and husbandry industry and epigenetic differences can be associated with production traits. Therefore further epigenetic research into domestic animal health and how exposure to toxicants or nutritional changes affects future generations is imperative. 相似文献
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Epigenetics provides a molecular mechanism of inheritance that is not solely dependent on DNA sequence and that can account for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Epigenetic changes underlie many normal developmental processes, and can lead to disease development as wel. While epigenetic effects have been studied in wel-characterized rodent models, less research has been done using agricultural y important domestic animal species. This review wil present the results of current epigenetic research using farm animal models(cattle, pigs, sheep and chickens). Much of the work has focused on the epigenetic effects that environmental exposures to toxicants, nutrients and infectious agents has on either the exposed animals themselves or on their direct offspring. Only one porcine study examined epigenetic transgenerational effects; namely the effect diet micronutrients fed to male pigs has on liver DNA methylation and muscle mass in grand-offspring(F2 generation). Healthy viable offspring are very important in the farm and husbandry industry and epigenetic differences can be associated with production traits. Therefore further epigenetic research into domestic animal health and how exposure to toxicants or nutritional changes affects future generations is imperative. 相似文献
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Arai Y Ohgane J Yagi S Ito R Iwasaki Y Saito K Akutsu K Takatori S Ishii R Hayashi R Izumi S Sugino N Kondo F Horie M Nakazawa H Makino T Shiota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):507-517
Epigenetic alteration is an emerging paradigm underlying the long-term effects of chemicals on gene functions. Various chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides and heavy metals, have been detected in the human fetal environment. Epigenetics by DNA methylation and histone modifications, through dynamic chromatin remodeling, is a mechanism for genome stability and gene functions. To investigate whether such environmental chemicals may cause epigenetic alterations, we studied the effects of selected chemicals on morphological changes in heterochromatin and DNA methylation status in mouse ES cells (ESCs). Twenty-five chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals and their metabolites, were assessed for their effect on the epigenetic status of mouse ESCs by monitoring heterochromatin stained with 4￠,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The cells were surveyed after 48 or 96 h of exposure to the chemicals at the serum concentrations of cord blood. The candidates for epigenetic mutagens were examined for the effect on DNA methylation at genic regions. Of the 25 chemicals, five chemicals (diethyl phosphate (DEP), mercury (Hg), cotinine, selenium (Se) and octachlorodipropyl ether (S-421)) caused alterations in nuclear staining, suggesting that they affected heterochromatin conditions. Hg and Se caused aberrant DNA methylation at gene loci. Furthermore, DEP at 0.1 ppb caused irreversible heterochromatin changes in ESCs, and DEP-, Hg- and S-421-exposed cells also exhibited impaired formation of the embryoid body (EB), which is an in vitro model for early embryos. We established a system for assessment of epigenetic mutagens. We identified environmental chemicals that could have effects on the human fetus epigenetic status. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
It is well known that phenotype of animals may be modified by the nutritional modulations through epigenetic mechanisms. As a key and central component of epigenetic network, DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional influences. Alterations in DNA methylation profiles can lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in diverse phenotypes with the potential for decreased growth and health.Here, I reviewed the biological process of DNA methylation that results in the addition of methyl groups to DNA; the possible ways including methyl donors, DNA methyltransferase(DNMT) activity and other cofactors, the critical periods including prenatal, postnatal and dietary transition periods, and tissue specific of epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation by nutrition and its mechanisms in animals. 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程,受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式,可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达,进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果,脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明,转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxi-some proliferator activiated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族(CCAAT enchancer binding proteinfamily,CEBPs)在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现,DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程,但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制,概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用,重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响,旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控肌肉发育研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肌肉发育是一个复杂的生物学过程,其调控机制尚不完善。但近年来表观遗传修饰对肌肉发育的调控作用逐渐成为热点领域,研究发现DNA甲基化与去甲基化修饰对肌肉发生与发育起到重要的调控作用。肌肉干细胞特异位点通过DNA甲基化修饰,影响肌肉发育过程关键基因的表达,进而调控早期发育的生肌过程。本文主要围绕肌肉发育过程中DNA甲基化及去甲基化修饰的变化、重要的甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶以及营养物质通过DNA甲基化修饰影响肌肉发生的作用进行论述。 相似文献