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繁殖率低是制约马属动物产业发展的瓶颈,繁殖调控技术不完善也是导致该产业发展缓慢的主要因素。促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH）是下丘脑分泌产生的神经激素,在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴通路中起关键作用。GnRH可以有效促进马属动物卵泡发育及排卵。GnRH是具有十肽结构的化合物,通过改变十肽结构中不同位置的氨基酸合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激卵泡刺激素（follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH）和黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone,LH）的分泌、抑制雌激素受体的合成影响动物繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高马属动物的繁殖性能。对GnRH和促性腺激素释放激素受体（gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR）的结构特点、生物学功能以及GnRH类似物在马属动物繁殖方面的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为探究GnRH生物学作用的分子机制以及GnRH类似物在马属动物繁殖调控中的科学应用提供参考。 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素及其类似物在母猪繁殖中应用的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH))是下丘脑分泌的生殖激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。哺乳动物的GnRH具有相同的十肽结构,通过改变十肽结构中第六、九、十位氨基酸可合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激促黄体素(LH)分泌、抑制雌激素受体二聚化及调节胚胎附植期相关蛋白质的合成来影响动物的繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高猪的繁殖力。在母猪生产中,GnRH类似物的应用仍存在受胎次影响、促进排卵但不能增加产仔数等问题。文章主要从GnRH的来源与功能、GnRH及其类似物的结构、GnRH受体(GnRHR)的结构与功能、GnRH及其类似物对母猪繁殖性能的影响,以及存在的问题与展望五方面介绍了GnRH及其类似物在母猪繁殖中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH))是下丘脑分泌的生殖激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。哺乳动物的GnRH具有相同的十肽结构,通过改变十肽结构中第六、九、十位氨基酸可合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激促黄体素(LH)分泌、抑制雌激素受体二聚化及调节胚胎附植期相关蛋白质的合成来影响动物的繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高猪的繁殖力。在母猪生产中,GnRH类似物的应用仍存在受胎次影响、促进排卵但不能增加产仔数等问题。文章主要从GnRH的来源与功能、GnRH及其类似物的结构、GnRH受体(GnRHR)的结构与功能、GnRH及其类似物对母猪繁殖性能的影响,以及存在的问题与展望五方面介绍了GnRH及其类似物在母猪繁殖中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素及其类似物在动物繁殖上的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文就促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)的化学特性、生理功能、作用特点、作用机理、国内外应用GnRH及其类似物提高动物繁殖率的情况 ,以及应用时需注意的事项等进行综述 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)是由下丘脑神经内分泌小细胞产生的十肽激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。GnRH免疫去势作为当前一种动物友好的去势方法在生产中应用和推广。本文综述了GnRH的分子结构和生物学功能、GnRH主动免疫的应用、GnRH免疫在改善公羊生产性能和繁殖性能上的研究进展,为进一步研究GnRH主动免疫在公羊繁殖中的作用提供一定理论支撑,以提高羊养殖业的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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Schneider F Brüssow KP Kanitz W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(3-4):110-120
The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is seen as the key hormone of neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. The ability of GnRH and its analogues to stimulate the release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH is world-wide utilized for various veterinary purposes, including treatment of certain hormone-dependent disturbances and stimulation of ovulation in controlled breeding programmes. A large difference is striking, however, when comparing the efficiencies reported. This may underline the importance of accurate treatment and reflect the manifold influences by animals and their environment on reproductive performance. During the last years, novel analytical methods have been established enabling a significant progress in reproductive research. The discovery and characterization of natural GnRH variants and their receptors in several vertebrate species may become more important.The reason is, that these GnRHs affect the release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH, but they may transmit, moreover, seasonal and nutritive signals to reproductive organs. It might be expected that the further exploration of these functions may serve as basis for the development of new and effective biotechnical methods in farm animal treatment. 相似文献
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S. Goubau D.W. Silversides A. Gonzalez B. Laarveld R.J. Mapletoft B.D. Murphy 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1989,6(4):339-347
The efficacy of antigens based on modified GnRH peptides in stimulating the production of antibodies against GnRH in sheep was tested. In the first study cysteine-containing GnRH peptides were conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) in 3 different orientations. The 3 conjugates were prepared in an emulsion of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and were injected into 3 groups of 6 castrated male lambs. The 3 vaccines efficiently induced anti-GnRH titers in all the animals treated. The specificity of the GnRH antisera raised varied depending on the orientation of the GnRH molecule in the antigen and on the individual animal.
In a second trial designed to evaluate carrier molecules, a cysteine-containing GnRH peptide was conjugated to either KLH, equine serum albumin, ovalbumin or tetanus toxoid. The conjugates were prepared with FCA and injected into intact male lambs. All 4 vaccines stimulated the production of antibodies against GnRH in all the animals treated. The conjugates prepared with equine serum albumin or ovalbumin were the most effective in raising high anti-GnRH titers. In 18 of 20 lambs treated, anti-GnRH titers resulted in a marked atrophy of the testes.
We conclude that: 1) the different epitopes of the GnRH molecule are equally immunogenic in sheep; 2) the GnRH antibody response is affected by the carrier used; and, 3) anti-GnRH vaccines based on cysteine-substituted GnRH analogues show potential for use in immunocastration of livestock. 相似文献
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传统的手术去势技术正受到动物福利和规模化标准化畜牧生产需求的挑战,作为手术去势的优势替代方法,免疫去势能够很好地阻滞睾丸发育,控制性行为,避免手术带来的痛苦。免疫去势是采用免疫学方法破坏下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激素平衡,通过降低促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的水平,进而使性腺激素水平降低,最终抑制性腺功能,达到去势的目的。免疫去势分为激素免疫去势和基因免疫去势,其靶标经历了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴自下而上的筛选,依次为睾酮、LH、FSH、GnRH、吻素-1（KISS-1）,其中位于下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴上游的GnRH激素、GnRH和KISS-1基因3种靶标去势效果较好。免疫去势效果及机制的相关研究表明,免疫去势具有改善生产性能、安全和可逆的特点,但其可逆性机制还不清楚。去势导致肾上腺发挥代偿作用,但目前免疫去势的肾上腺代偿研究鲜见报道。文章首先介绍了几种靶标的免疫去势机制,其次对免疫去势的特点和应用进行了讨论,旨在为推动免疫去势技术在动物生产繁殖领域的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Karg H Hartl M Hoffmann B Schams D Schmidt W Gunzler O Huber E Muller S 《Zuchthygiene》1976,11(1):7-18
The results of an experiment to determine the effectiveness of prostaglandin analogues to induce estrous synchronization of cattle are presented. There were 257 experimental animals and 119 control animals. 44 cattle that had histories of fertility disturbances were studied separately to determine if the estrous synchronization could improve fertility. The 257 experimental animals were given 2 .5 mg injections im of ICI 80,996 (ICI) with an interval of 10 or 11 days between injections. Then artificial insemination was administered 63 or 75 hours after the 2nd ICI injection. 1 group of cattle underwent artificial insemination both 75 and 99 hours after the 2nd ICI injection. 47 cattle received a 1.5 mg injection im of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in conjunction with artificial insemination. Fertility was not significantly higher among the animals treated with prostaglandin analogues than among the control animals. 61% of the experimental animals had mature follicles at the time of artificial insemination with a 65% conception rate. The animals given GnRH showed a higher rate of conception compared with the control group, and the animals showed the highest rate of conception. Intensive tests done on 16 cattle showed that a complete luteolysis occurred 15-24 hours after treatment, the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak occurred 51-100 hours after treatment, and ovulation occurred 69-120 hours after treatment. The cattle that received GnRH injections in conjunction with artificial insemination showed a peak LH level 3 hours after the GnRH injection. 相似文献
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RS Struthers 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z4):233-238
Surgical sterilization is the mainstay of dog and cat population control, but its use is still often limited by the costs and effort involved, especially in developing countries. An ideal non-surgical sterilant that is safe, effective, permanent, administered as a single injection and capable of being manufactured inexpensively could have a significant impact on the world-wide dog and cat overpopulation problem. One approach towards developing such an agent is the targeting of pituitary gonadotrophic cells with cytotoxic agents using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is a peptide that binds to high-affinity receptors selectively expressed on gonadotrophs and some types of cancers. Both small molecules and proteins have been conjugated to GnRH analogues to generate targeted cytotoxic and imaging agents. Although most of these efforts have focused on development of human cancer therapeutics, available reproductive studies in rats and dogs suggest that current compounds do not have sufficient therapeutic windows for complete gonadotroph ablation, in part owing to poor stability of peptide targeting sequences. The only reported longer-term study of gonadotroph ablation in dogs reported suppression of serum testosterone for 8 months, but endocrine function then recovered, raising important questions about the mechanism of reproductive suppression and its recovery. Although studies to date suggest that this is a potentially attractive approach to non-surgical sterilization, ideal agents are yet to be developed, and important mechanistic questions remain to be answered. 相似文献
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Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment in cattle: a meta-analysis of the effects on conception at the time of insemination 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUMMARY Data from 40 trials described in 27 published papers were analysed by meta-analysis (pooling of data from numerous trials into a single analysis) to evaluate the effects of injecting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) In cattle at the time of Insemination on the risk of pregnancy. A total of 19 019 cows were involved In these studies. Analyses were stratified by trial and by the effects of dose of GnRH, type of GnRH and Insemination number (first, second or third and greater). Mantel-Haenszel analysis revealed that use of GnRH at Insemination significantly Increased the overall risk of pregnancy by 12.5% In treated cows (P < 0.05). However, Increases In risk of pregnancy were greatest (22.5%) when repeat breeders were treated. Results for use of GnRH or analogue at first service were similar, with Increased risks of pregnancy in treated cows of 5.2 and 8.0%, respectively. The risk of pregnancy tended to be higher (11.1%) when the dose of GnRH was 250 μg and when used at second Insemination (9.9%). The analyses demonstrated that while treatment at Insemination with GnRH and GnRH analogues Increased conception rates In dairy cattle, some variation In study results was attributable to the number of Inseminations after calving at which GnRH Is administered. Further efforts should be made to determine characteristics of populations of cows that have good fertility responses to GnRH and to determine the mode of action of GnRH in Increasing fertility. Meta-analysis proved to be a useful technique for evaluating the apparently conflicting results from trials and in evaluating the effect of factors such as Insemination number, dose and type of GnRH on responses to treatment. 相似文献
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GnRH类似物疫苗免疫去势效果的影响因素 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(11):61-64
利用GnRH类似物疫苗主动免疫动物机体可达到与手术去势类似的效果,同时避免了手术去势对动物机体产生的影响。抗原、佐剂、免疫次数、免疫剂量以及免疫时间都会对其免疫效果产生影响。采用GnRH类似物疫苗免疫动物通常需要有力的佐剂以及多次加强免疫来克服个体反应的差异性。 相似文献
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家兔是刺激性排卵动物,需要性交刺激释放促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）,引发促黄体生成素（LH）增加,从而诱导成熟卵母细胞的排卵,但其排卵机制尚未完全明晰。在家兔的人工授精中,由于缺少性交的刺激,肌注或阴道内输入GnRH及其类似物被用来诱导排卵,然而这些化合物通常会对家兔繁殖产生不利影响,因此需要一种新的方法来取代激素刺激。β-神经生长因子（β-NGF）是新发现的在雌性生殖生理学中发挥作用的最有前途的物质之一,β-NGF及其受体广泛存在于家兔生殖系统中并具有重要的生理作用。同时β-NGF本身就存在于动物的精液中,且很有可能是兔的一种天然促排卵因子,使用β-NGF或许能够减少激素或其他药物的使用。作者简述了β-NGF促进家兔排卵作用及研究现状,主要从β-NGF及其受体在家兔生殖系统中的表达、β-NGF系统在诱导家兔排卵中的物种特异性,以及β-NGF诱导家兔排卵的作用机制等方面进行分析,旨在为研究家兔刺激排卵机理提供思路与理论基础,并促进β-NGF在家兔辅助生殖技术中的应用。 相似文献