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冯军 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2000,(5):38-38
1 疫苗接种失败原因1 .1 疫苗变质 :疫苗不适当地处理和接种可能使犬不能产生预期的免疫应答。必备的贮存条件和正确的接种方法对保持疫苗的活性非常重要。稀释液使用不当或在同一注射器内将几种疫苗混合 ,也可能使免疫失败。每种冻干苗所用的稀释液都有一定的要求 ,不得轻易乱用。1 .2 免疫程序不正确 :接种疫苗的种类、剂量、途径、接种时间的选择上不合理。1 .3 免疫接种后仍然发病 :犬在接种后需 1～ 2周方能产生有效的免疫应答。若在免疫接种后短时间内就接触到病源 ,犬即可能发病从而导致免疫失败。1 .4 免疫抑制或缺陷 :由于… 相似文献
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影响M D免疫的因素很多,有保存运输方面的因素,也有免疫方法方面的因素,稀释液也至关重要。目前常用的稀释液有SPGA、SPG等,我们最终选择了CVI988疫苗使用的改良SPG稀释液,并在其中加入20m g/kg酚红。稀释液中加入指示剂后,如稀释液污染,颜色就会发生变化,客户可通过颜色变化来 相似文献
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秋季是动物传染病的多发、高发季节,也是各类动物及其产品出售和调运的高峰季节,科学免疫是动物防疫成功的根本保证。动物防疫工作中应做到以下几点:(一)免疫接种前的准备工作1.了解预防接种的目的、免疫程序、接种技术、注意事项以及反应观察的方法、出现反应的处理办法等。2.按免疫接种对象、种类准备好稀释液、接种器械、消毒器材与药品、畜禽标识、免疫档案等。3.要将注射器、针头、镊子、稀释疫苗用瓶、工作服等用具严格 相似文献
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免疫失败是指免疫动物在免疫期内出现发病的现象。在实际生产中,免疫失败的现象较为常见。现就引起免疫失败的几种主要因素及对策概括如下:一免疫失败的原因1疫苗及稀释液(1)疫苗自身因素。疫苗作为一种特殊的药品,对温度的要求极为严格。目前,国产的冻干苗都需保存于-15℃以下 相似文献
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<正>疫苗稀释剂指用于对疫苗进行稀释并用于免疫的试剂,现在的疫苗稀释剂在对疫苗进行稀释的同时还对疫苗有保护作用和提高疫苗的免疫效果。在目前动物疫苗稀释剂中主要用到的是液体疫苗稀释液。疫苗稀释液的种类很多,主要有佐剂、氧化铝胶生理盐水和各种专用的疫苗稀释液等。疫苗的种类不同、来源不同 相似文献
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1 疫苗接种失败的原因1.1 疫苗质量不过关 疫苗的免疫源性不好 ,保存不当 ,或使用了非法生产的劣质疫苗 ,造成免疫失败。同时疫苗不适当地处理和接种可能使家禽不能产生预期的免疫应答。必备的贮存条件和正确的接种方法对保持疫苗的活性非常重要。稀释液使用不当或在同一注射器内将几种疫苗混合 ,也可能使免疫失败。每种冻干苗所用的稀释液都有一定的要求 ,不能乱用。1.2 免疫接种技术错误 在使用疫苗前没有检查疫苗的品种和有效期 ;疫苗浓度配制不当 ,稀释不均匀 ,水质不干净 ,免疫注射时消毒不严格 ,造成交叉感染等 ,而使免疫失败。… 相似文献
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适宜鸡饮水免疫的疫苗中的病毒是活病毒，若单用清水稀释饮服，则容易受空气、紫外线、金属离子等作用而使之变性、灭活，从而降低免疫效果。如加入适量的奶品，可使小于病毒粒子的乳蛋白分子逐个将病毒粒子包裹起来，这样不但能够防止病毒粒子遭受有害因素的破坏，使之不变质、不灭活，而且可使其均匀地分散在稀释液中，不发生聚合现象，从而保证疫苗稀释液能均匀高效地发挥免疫作用。 相似文献
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1免疫失败后要及时查找原因 疫苗的保管、运输、使用不合理.没有低温保存,运输途中没有低温设备,使疫苗长时间暴露在常温下导致疫苗失效.稀释液的质量不好,矿物质的含量过高或含有防腐剂、漂白粉、消毒液等,使疫苗中的病毒含量减少从而达不到理想的免疫效果.稀释后应在两小时内用完,不能隔天仍然使用. 相似文献
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现阶段,实行疫苗免疫是我国防控动物疫病的主要措施,通过疫苗提高动物机体对病原侵袭的抵抗力.如果疫苗保存不当或使用不当,疫苗免疫后不但起不到保护作用,相反会引发动物疫病.造成巨大经济损失和环境污染.笔者在动物门诊工作中经常会接触此类事件,现将一起因疫苗稀释液使用不当引发的猪肺疫疫情报告如下: 相似文献
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生猪“321”免疫技术,是指将国家要求强制免疫的猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病两种疫苗同时用高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗稀释液（或猪瘟稀释液）同等剂量混合为一针后在猪耳后颈部一侧肌肉注射,另一侧肌肉注射猪口蹄疫疫苗,即三苗同步、两点注射、一次完成。该技术是云南省在动物免疫理论和技术上的重大突破和创新。主要针对农村散养户饲养的生猪实施“321”免疫注射技术。云南省腾冲县自2013年春防开展“321”免疫注射技术的应用,现根据使用情况介绍如下。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献