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1.
代乳粉对羔羊生产性能、体尺和腹泻率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验旨在研究代乳粉对羔羊的增质量、体尺和腹泻率的影响,并优选出适宜的羔羊代乳粉营养水平。选择80只健康的小尾寒羊羔羊,采用单因子方差分析,将羔羊随机分为4组进行试验。初生羔羊吃足初乳,于5d后分组,采用逐渐替代法,将母乳转换成3种不同营养水平的代乳粉,分别哺喂3组羔羊,另1组为对照组(喂纯羊乳)。结果表明1)试验1组的只均日增质量为193g,明显高于对照组的151.25g和试验3组的107g,差异显著;试验2组的只均日增质量为160.5g,与其他3组相比差异不显著。2)试验1组羔羊的体斜长和胸围较对照组增加2.18%和1.67%,差异不显著,试验3组的体高、体斜长和胸围均显著低于试验1组和对照组,差异显著。3)试验1组和试验3组羔羊的腹泻率均为0,明显低于对照组的7.32%;试验2组羔羊腹泻率为7.93%,高于对照组。早期断奶羔羊平均每日每只适宜进食的消化能和粗蛋白分别为9.21MJ和106.92g,哺喂营养适宜的代乳粉(试验1组)能促进早期断奶羔羊的生长发育,降低腹泻率。  相似文献   

2.
两种不同营养水平的代乳粉对羔羊生长性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选用18只10日龄公羔,随机分成A、B、C3组,A组哺喂1号(低营养水平)代乳粉,B组哺喂2号(高营养水平)代乳粉,C组随母羊自然哺乳。结果表明:10～20日龄阶段,自然哺乳组日增重达到154g/d,而代乳粉组平均日增重仅76.9g/d,试验组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);20日龄时,3组体高增加分别为2.4%、6.50%和7.36%,A、B两组分别与C组差异极显著(P<0.01);体长A、B两组与C组差异显著(P<0.05)。但随着日龄的增加,消化道逐渐健全,羔羊越来越习惯于吸吮代乳粉,消化吸收能力加强,尤其到试验后期(41～60d),B组表现明显的生长优势,不同日龄体重、阶段平均日增重、体高、体长、胸围、管围都明显高于A组和C组。  相似文献   

3.
试验选用18只10日龄公羔,随机分成A、B、C 3组,A组哺喂1号(低营养水平)代乳粉,B组哺喂2号(高营养水平)代乳粉,C组随母羊自然哺乳.结果表明10～20日龄阶段,自然哺乳组日增重达到154g/d,而代乳粉组平均日增重仅76.9g/d,试验组与对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01);20日龄时,3组体高增加分别为2.4%、6.50%和7.36%,A、B两组分别与C组差异极显著(P＜0.01);体长A、B两组与C组差异显著(P＜0.05).但随着日龄的增加,消化道逐渐健全,羔羊越来越习惯于吸吮代乳粉,消化吸收能力加强,尤其到试验后期(41～60d),B组表现明显的生长优势,不同日龄体重、阶段平均日增重、体高、体长、胸围、管围都明显高于A组和C组.  相似文献   

4.
不同营养水平代乳粉对犊牛生产性能和腹泻率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文旨在通过研究不同营养水平代乳粉对犊牛生产性能、腹泻率的影响,筛选出犊牛适宜代乳粉配方。选用荷斯坦犊牛24头,按照体重、出生日期相近原则分为4组,每组6头。对照组以牛奶哺喂;试验组分别用不同能量和不同蛋白质水平的代乳粉哺喂,分为高能量高蛋白组(HEHP)(23.74MJ/kg,27.20%);中能量中蛋白组(MEMP)(21.76MJ/kg,24.80%);低能量低蛋白组(LELP)(19.78MJ/kg,22.40%)。试验表明,对照组、HEHP组、MEMP组、LELP组的全期平均日增重分别为352.68、419.64、357.14和292.41g;HEHP组的平均日增重极显著高于LELP组(P<0.01),显著高于对照组和MEMP组(P<0.05),而MEMP组与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。饲喂代乳粉的3个试验组中,HEHP组犊牛腹泻率为0,低于对照组的2.08%、LELP组的4.46%,和MEMP组的1.49%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,高能量高蛋白(消化能23.74MJ/kg,粗蛋白质27.20%)组代乳粉饲喂效果最佳,试验全期犊牛平均每头每日进食的消化能和粗蛋白质分别为19.60MJ、200.08g,可以作为实际生产中犊牛培育的参考。  相似文献   

5.
本文从生长发育、营养物质消化和血清学指标3方面研究人工哺育代乳粉对湖羊双胎羔羊早期培育的效果。选取24对新生湖羊双胎公羔羊,采用配对试验设计分成2组,1对双胎羔羊分别分至其中1组,MM组随母哺乳,MR组人工哺育代乳粉,每组24只。饲养试验试验期90 d,60日龄断奶,每隔10 d于晨饲前进行称重、采血,60和90日龄时,随机选取3对双胎羔羊进行屠宰。在46~55日龄和76~85日龄随机选取4对双胎羔羊进行消化代谢试验。结果显示：1)在20、30、40日龄时,MR组羔羊的体重显著低于MM组(P<0.05),但差异在逐渐减小,到50日龄以后就不存在显著性差异( P>0.05)。 MR组羔羊的平均日增重在10~20日龄显著低于MM组(P<0.05),在40~50日龄显著高于 MM 组(P<0.05),其他时段差异不显著(P>0.05),0~90日龄的平均日增重差异亦不显著( P>0.05)。2)在60日龄时,MR组羔羊的瘤胃占复胃总重比例显著高于MM组(P<0.05),而瓣胃和皱胃占复胃总重比例显著低于MM组(P<0.05)。在90日龄时,2组羔羊各胃室重量以及占复胃总重比例均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但MR组羔羊瘤胃的重量比 MM组高;MR 组羔羊的小肠占宰前活重比例显著高于 MM组( P<0.05);代乳粉对2组羔羊内脏器官重量的影响差异不显著( P>0.05)。3)代乳粉对常规营养物质的表观消化率的影响不显著( P>0.05)。4)代乳粉对血清生化指标(总蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、白蛋白、尿素氮含量,碱性磷酸酶活性)以及血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量)的影响不显著( P>0.05),并且MR组与MM组呈现出相似的变化规律。综合以上,人工哺育代乳粉的培育方式能够达到与母乳哺育湖羊双胎羔羊相同的效果。  相似文献   

6.
22～25日龄羔羊对两种不同营养水平代乳粉消化性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
韦学玉  阎宏  马吉峰  穆巍 《饲料工业》2007,28(17):47-49
将18只滩羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)的杂交F1代羔羊随机分为3组,A组哺喂1号代乳粉(低营养水平),B组哺喂2号代乳粉(高营养水平),C组随母羊自然哺乳,进行了60d的饲养试验。羔羊22～25日龄采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定代乳粉的表观消化率。结果表明:1号、2号两种不同营养水平的代乳粉干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率中除粗脂肪分别是74.20%、80.99%,差异显著(P<0.05),无氮浸出物分别是63.57%、50.44%,差异极显著(P<0.01)外,其余项目差异均不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
试验旨在研究饲喂不同粗蛋白水平的代乳粉对不同日龄断奶的哈萨克羔羊生长性能的影响。将32只发育正常、体重相近的哈萨克羔羊(♀)随机平均分成4组,对照组(CK)随母羊哺乳,试验A_、B_、C组羔羊分别在第30、38和45天断奶,同时均分各试验组羔羊(A_1、A_2组,B_1、B_2组,C1、C2组),分别饲喂代乳粉1和代乳粉2。结果表明:1哈萨克羔羊在30、38、45日龄可以断奶,各组间成活率无差异(P0.05)。2B_1组体重增长表现出明显优势,显著高于其他各小组(P0.05);在体尺上,同样是B_1组表现出优势。3粗蛋白含量为22.1%的代乳粉1可以满足羔羊营养需求,粗蛋白含量为27.0%的代乳粉2效果不及代乳粉1。结论:哈萨克羔羊在38日龄进行早期断奶可能更为适宜,同时饲喂粗蛋白含量22.1%的代乳粉效果更佳。  相似文献   

8.
饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验旨在研究代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。将18只新生陶赛特(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)杂交F1羔羊随机分为试验组和对照组,每组9只羔羊,试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳。在羔羊20、40、60、80、90日龄测定体重及体尺,并在50、90日龄采集血液样品分析血清生化指标。结果表明:饲喂代乳粉组羔羊体增重显著高于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05),试验组羔羊增重比母羊哺乳组高26.47%;体高、体长及胸围差异不显著(P>0.05);50日龄时,饲喂代乳粉组羔羊白蛋白和白/球蛋白比显著低于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05),而50和90日龄时,饲喂代乳粉组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉可提高早期断奶羔羊的生长性能,促进其生长发育。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究哺喂代乳粉对沂蒙黑山羊羔羊早期生长性能及其瘤胃微生物区系的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选用沂蒙黑山双胎羔羊36只,分为2组,每组18只羔羊。对照组(B组)羔羊哺喂母乳,试验组(R组)于10日龄开始哺喂代乳粉,试验期为75 d,在10、15、25、45和75日龄时随机称取3头羔羊空腹活体重,且屠宰后收集瘤胃内容物样品,采用IIIumina测序技术分析瘤胃细菌组成。结果表明:R组羔羊体重在15日龄时低于B组,且差异极显著(P<0.01),到75日龄时显著高于B组(P<0.05)。另外,R组15日龄时Alpha和Beta多样性与B组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。在门水平上,R组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度在25、45、75日龄时低于B组,其中25日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),与此相反,拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)相对丰度在25、45、75日龄时均显著高于B组(P<0.05),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度在25、45、75日龄时显著低于B组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,R组普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)为优势菌属,15日龄时相对丰度高于B组(P>0.05),且在75日龄时显著高于B组(P<0.05);拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)相对丰度在25日龄时高于B组(P>0.05),而大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichla-shigella)相对丰度在15~25日龄呈下降趋势,到25日龄时低于B组(P>0.05)。综上,早期哺喂代乳粉影响羔羊体增重,而45日龄后获得与哺喂母乳羔羊一样的增重效果;25日龄后哺喂代乳粉羔羊瘤胃微生物区系的变化明显,其中拟杆菌门成为优势菌群,并且普雷沃菌属等有益菌相对丰度逐步增加,从而改善羔羊瘤胃微生物区系结构,有助于促进羔羊的生长。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在研究补饲不同水平代乳粉对贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊生长性能、体尺指标、血清生化指标、腹泻率及死亡率的影响,探讨双羔羔羊最适代乳粉补饲水平。选用出生日期相同、体况健康相似的贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊12对共24只,按随机区组试验设计分成4组,每组6只。羔羊随母哺乳,对照组不补饲代乳料,试验组分别补饲羔羊体重的1.0%、1.5%和2.0%代乳粉,预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:2.0%代乳粉组贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊增重效果最好,全期日增重可达121.78 g/d,显著高于对照组和1.0%、1.5%代乳粉组(P<0.05);补饲2%水平代乳粉的羔羊各阶段体尺指标优于其他代乳料补饲水平试验组和对照组;2.0%代乳粉组血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著高于1.0%代乳粉组和对照组(P<0.05)。综上,补饲2%代乳料有利于羔羊对营养物质的消化代谢,促进羔羊的生长发育。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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